Twenty-sixth Session of the Assembly UNESCO, Paris, 22 June 5 July 2011 DRAFT IOC PROGRAMME AND BUDGET FOR

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1 Restricted Distribution IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 4 Paris, 31 May 2011 Original: English INTERGOVERNMENTAL OCEANOGRAPHIC COMMISSION (of UNESCO) Twenty-sixth Session of the Assembly UNESCO, Paris, 22 June 5 July 2011 Item 3.2 of the Provisional Agenda DRAFT IOC PROGRAMME AND BUDGET FOR Summary. At its Forty-third Session, the Executive Council, through Resolution EC-XLIII.8, requested the IOC Executive Secretary to prepare a draft Programme and Budget for to be submitted to the Assembly at its Twenty-Sixth Session, based on the Biennial Priorities and Implementation Strategy annexed to the resolution. The Assembly will be invited to adopt the IOC Programme and Budget for

2 Introduction General guiding principles 1. At its Forty-third Session, the Executive Council, through Resolution EC-XLIII.8, requested the IOC Executive Secretary to prepare a draft Programme and Budget for to be submitted to the Assembly at its Twenty-Sixth Session, based on the Biennial Priorities and Implementation Strategy annexed to the resolution. The present Draft Programme and Budget for elaborates on the IOC component of the proposed 36 C/5 presented by the Director- General of UNESCO to the 186 th Executive Board (Major Programme II Natural Sciences, Main Line of Action 4). 2. In the preparation of the draft Programme and Budget for the Secretariat was guided by a series of underlying principles and the analysis of the budgets of the past three biennia. In comparison, this budget aims at a transparent and clear presentation of the Commission s actual costs, budgeting the fixed costs related to its intergovernmental structure and legally-signed commitments as approved by Governing Bodies at real cost. The past practices of under-budgeting such costs were seen as counter-productive, not sufficiently transparent and possibly even affecting the trust relationship with the Member States and donors. The fact that such under-budgeted fixed costs were usually absorbed either with non-earmarked extrabudgetary funds, or through additional funds obtained due to under-expenditure in other parts of UNESCO, or through taxes imposed on programmes in the course of the biennium, does not justify the continuation of such practices and is incompatible with the obligations under fiduciary duty. 3. Clear and transparent information on the intergovernmental component of the programme and its related costs, as well as on the legal commitments of the Commission, will allow the Governing Bodies to make informed and knowledgeable decisions. It goes without saying that efforts to secure additional flexible non-earmarked funding, both within the Organization as opportunities present themselves, and from extrabudgetary donors, will be continued and reinforced. Should such additional funding become available, the Secretariat will assign the funds to the priorities determined by Member States and will report accordingly to the Governing Bodes. Intersessional consultation mechanisms with Member States through the Officers of the Commission will also be extremely useful for this purpose. 4. With regard to personnel vs programme ratio in the proposed draft programme and budget, it should be noted that the IOC Secretariat has been extremely transparent in reporting personnel costs to the Governing Bodies. Personnel-related expenditure is reported in its entirety, including recourse to temporary assistance under regular budget programme activities. It should also be noted that while the relatively high cost of personnel is inherent to the intergovernmental nature of the programmes, the overall ratio for both regular budget and extrabudgetary funding is very close to 50/50 (see Figure 3). Mid-term strategy and biennial priorities 5. The Draft Programme and Budget for is developed based on: (i) the Draft Biennial Priorities and Implementation Strategy for adopted by the 43rd Executive Council through Resolution EC-XLIII.9 and submitted to the Assembly as refined by the Intersessional Advisory Group on Finance (document IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 3); (ii) additional guidance from the 43rd Executive Council, such as in Resolution EC-XLIII.7 on the Future of IOC; and (iii) further guidance by the 185th Executive Board of UNESCO (Paris, 5 21 October 2010), such as in Decision 17 on the Draft Programme and Budget for (36 C/5). Additional guidance may come from the 186th session (Paris, 3 19 May 2011). 6. The relations among the different programming and budgetary frameworks at the UNESCO, Natural Sciences Sector and IOC level are represented in Table 1.

3 Page 2 UNESCO Medium-term Strategy for (34 C/4) Overarching objective 2: Mobilizing science knowledge and policy for sustainable development Table 1 Hierarchy of programming and budgetary frameworks IOC Medium-term Strategy for Strategic programme objective 3: Leveraging scientific knowledge for the benefit of the environment and the management of natural resources Strategic programme objective 5: Contributing to disaster preparedness and mitigation High-level objective 2: Mitigation of the impacts and adaptation to climate change and variability High-level objective 3: Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems High-level objective 4: Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources High-level objective 1: Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards Major Programme II Natural Sciences Draft Programme and Budget for (36 C/5) Biennial sectoral priority 2: Mobilizing science for the sustainable use of natural resources and renewable energies and for energy efficiency and for natural disaster reduction and mitigation IOC Draft Programme and Budget for (36 C/5) Main line of action 4: UNESCO IOC:strengthening IOC with a view to improving governance and fostering intergovernmental cooperation in managing and protecting oceans and coastal zones for the benefit of Member States The IOC Main Line of Action in the Draft 36 C/5 7. In the Draft 36 C/5, the total proposed enveloped for IOC is: Activities: (compared to in 35 C/5) Staff: (compared to in 35 C/5) Total: (compared to in 35 C/5) 8. Overall, this represents a nominal increase of with respect to the 35 C/5 (see below Overall budget breakdown). Figure 1 IOC within the UNESCO Draft 36 C/5

4 Page 3 9. Still such a draft envelope is only a marginal fraction of the entire UNESCO draft budget ( ): less than 1.6% (Figure 1). Overall approach to the Draft Programme and Budget for The IOC promotes international cooperation and coordinates programmes in research, observations, services and capacity-building, in order to learn more about the nature and resources of the ocean and coastal areas and to apply that knowledge for the improvement of management, sustainable development, the protection of the marine environment, and the decision-making processes of its Member States. Under its Medium-Term Strategy , the IOC pursues four high-level objectives: prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards; mitigation of the impacts of and adaptation to climate change and variability; safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems; and promoting management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources. 11. While maintaining a leading role in ocean observation, and the related sharing of oceanographic data, the IOC will strengthen its responsibility in catalyzing and coordinating marine scientific research in climate change through its contribution to increasing the understanding of the ocean s role in climate variability and climate change, including observations and models on the carbon cycle and ocean acidification; facilitating partnerships between the marine meteorological and oceanographic communities; and assisting Member States, at their request, to mitigate coastal erosion and protect communities and economies through coastal adaptation measures and strategies, especially in Africa, Arab States and SIDS. The IOC will continue to make operational end-to end warning systems for tsunami and other sea-level hazards in the Pacific Ocean and other regions (North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; Caribbean), with a special attention to SIDS and Africa. Enhancing its role as catalyst of the international exchange of biological oceanographic data, the IOC will further contribute to the protection of marine ecosystems by assisting in identifying biodiversity hotspots and large-scale ecological patterns, analyzing dispersions of species over time and space, and plotting species locations. Expected results, performance indicators and benchmarks High-level objective 1: Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards 12. Increasing vulnerability to natural disasters in coastal zones poses a major threat to sustainable development, affecting lives and livelihoods. Awareness of natural hazards, preparing for minimizing the risks and involving all relevant national entities are part of any fast end-to-end warning system. Following the rapid progress in installing the Indian Ocean Tsunami Early Warning and Mitigation System, the IOC, through intergovernmental processes, will continue to make operational end-to-end warning systems for tsunami and other sea level hazards in the Pacific Ocean and other regions (North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean; Caribbean) working with other UN agencies towards the development of global coverage to address multiple marine hazards, thus supporting the overall objective of contributing to disaster preparedness, mitigation and recovery. 13. Effective end-to-end early warning systems for tsunamis and other sea level-related hazards, established by Member States at national and regional levels, including disaster preparedness and mitigation measures: Improved lapse time for regional watch messages after tsunami-generating earthquakes (less than 20 minutes in all regional warning systems) Number of countries at risk for tsunami developing gender sensitive tsunami community preparedness programmes (10)

5 Page 4 High-level objective 2: Mitigation of the impacts and adaptation to climate change and variability 14. Environmental observations taken with coherent, sustained systems over decades have provided the underpinning of all decisions and actions related to global climate change. The IOC, through its role as the UN s foremost marine science intergovernmental advocate, coordinator, and partner in international scientific research, will assure that global observations of the ocean will be adequate to advance the science and policy of climate change. IOC programmes improve the understanding of the earth system, by contributing to the enhancement of climate predictions and the effects on marine ecosystems and resources. Sustained ocean observation and process studies at regional and global scales and the development of science applications enhance the ability to mitigate the effects of climate change, including sea-level rise. 15. Member States understanding of ocean environment and related processes in the global climate improved, and skills developed for adaptation to climate change impacts Level of in situ infrastructure (e.g., floats, buoys, ship tracks) for GOOS maintained by Member States (maintain 62% as measured by JCOMM based on GOOS/GCOS targets) Number of peer-reviewed published regional sea level projections used in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Working Group I Report (due in September 2013) (increase of 10% on baseline of number of referred peer-reviewed published regional sea level predictions in IPCC 4AR report (2007)) Number of countries taking steps towards development of coastal adaptation strategies and implementation of national or local measures or both, including with a gender perspective (increase of five countries) High-level objective 3: Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems 16. IOC will leverage the science and capacity to monitor and safeguard the health of ocean ecosystems and services, by addressing the conservation and sustainable management of coastal resources and marine biodiversity. In this regard, IOC will continue harmonizing its capacity development activities according to long-term capacity-development principles that improve the ability of Member States to apply sound scientific methods to the sustainable management of their resources. 17. Capacities of Member States and their national agencies improved in ocean sciences and services to monitor, assess and manage marine resources: Increase in number of Member States participating in UN Regular Process for the global reporting and assessment of the state of the marine environment (at least 50 countries engaged in Regular Process frameworks) Number of women and men expert/managers trained by Member States in Ocean Sciences and services in accordance with IOC capacity-building principles (at least ten capacity-enhancing workshops and meetings of regional networks) Increase in the number of agencies and institutions using information and data from IODE and OBIS (ten percent above levels) Volume of data and information available through the IOC/IODE data and information systems, OceanDataPortal and OceanDocs (twenty percent above levels)

6 Page 5 High-level objective 4: Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources 18. When requested IOC will assist Member States in managing their marine and coastal environment, focusing on regional needs and developing national capabilities, by translating research results into management approaches and wise practices. This is done by area-based management such as marine spatial planning in target regions, by providing training and assistance to implement them and by strengthening IOC Regional Subsidiary Bodies to fully ensure the regional implementation of the IOC Medium-Term Strategy A number of specific actions will be undertaken to strengthen the operation of the IOC and its governance and to raise awareness of, and involvement in, IOC s programme of action. 19. Oceans and coastal zones protected and sustainably used by Member States: Number of countries using IOC s area-based management guidelines (20 countries) Level of Member States participation in IOC Regional Subsidiary Body meetings and region-specific activities (at least 70% of regional constituencies attend IOC regional meetings) Number of new IOC regional training and research centres on oceanography (at least one new regional training and research centre established) UNESCO global priorities 20. The IOC implements activities in Africa through global programmes in coordination with regional subsidiary bodies. Activities to enhance ocean observing systems and data exchange standards are implemented largely through the Global Ocean Observing System in Africa (GOOS- AFRICA) and the Ocean Data and Information Network for Africa (ODINAFRICA IV), now in its fourth phase. IOC will strengthen its approach to Priority Africa by increased decentralization of activities including coastal hazard assessment, ocean and coastal observations and research, data and information management, climate change research and adaptation, capacity building by reinforcing national and regional institutions that will foster intra-regional cooperation in marine sciences. The Regional Committees (IOCEA and IOCWIO) will be strengthened to serve as platforms for the implementation of IOC programmes and may possibly be transformed towards the establishment of an IOC Sub-Commission for Africa building on the lessons learnt from the existing IOC Sub-Commissions covering the marine regions of the African continent (agenda item 4.5, document IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 5). Through these mechanisms, IOC will also facilitate the involvement of African scientists in large-scale global programmes and networks, including IOC Chairs. IOC will initiate consultations with African regional economic groupings and institutions to foster the appropriation of its programmes by African governments and stakeholders. The aim is to establish a regular consultation mechanism at a high-level between IOC Secretariat and the African regional institutions to ensure the appropriation of the IOC programmes by the latter. 21. Following the recommendation of the 43rd session of the IOC Executive Council, IOC increased its target to 25% participation of women in its activities for the period , and Member States are urged to take gender equality into consideration when nominating participants in IOC activities. IOC will further pursue the mainstreaming of priority gender equality in its programmes, especially capacity-building and field activities, including support to women scientists in their work environment in the follow-up to training courses as well as activities to raise awareness and preparedness of coastal communities to sea-level related hazards and their capacity to adapt to climate and coastal change.

7 Page 6 Interdisciplinary and intersectoral cooperation 22. Continuing the work undertaken in the current and past biennia, IOC will foster interdisciplinary collaboration with relevant UNESCO bodies, most notably: (a) the International Hydrological Programme (IHP) for transboundary water assessments and addressing coastal inundation and floods; (b) the Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB) and the World Heritage Centre (WHC) for implementing integrated coastal area management and marine spatial planning approaches in coastal and marine biosphere reserves and World Heritage sites; and (c) the Secretariat of the Convention for the Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage for promoting seabed mapping and oceanographic data exchange for archaeological research. 23. ADG/IOC leads the intersectoral platform on UNESCO s contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The Platform is charged with promoting the implementation of the UNESCO Strategy for Action on Climate Change and the associated UNESCO Initiative on Climate Change with a focus on: climate science and knowledge; climate change education in the overall context of ESD; climate change, cultural and biological diversity and cultural heritage; the ethical, social, human and gender dimensions of climate change; and UNESCO s own climate neutrality policy. The Platform adopts the following biennial priority: enhancing and applying the climate change knowledge base for building green societies through reinforcing the scientific, mitigation and adaptation capacities of countries, communities and groups that are most vulnerable to the effects of climate change, with special focus on Africa and SIDS. The gender dimension of climate change will be mainstreamed within all of the Platform s activities. 24. IOC s activities provide a contribution also to two other intersectoral platforms: (a) UNESCO s support to countries in post-conflict and post-disaster situations and (b) UNESCO s contribution to the Mauritius Strategy for the Further Implementation of the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States (SIDS). 25. Unlike other entities of UNESCO, IOC does not provide the direct financial contribution of 10% of programme resources to the intersectoral platforms, as the budget appropriations for the IOC shall not be decreased by transfers of funds to other Parts of the budget. The contribution of IOC programmes to the work of the intersectoral platform on climate change concerns especially the climate module of GOOS, JCOMM and OOPC and can be estimated in about Changes with respect to the 35 C/5 26. The differences with respect to the 35 C/5 in terms of new activities, activities reorganized or reinforced, and activities reduced or terminated are synthesized in Table 2.

8 MLA 2 HLO 1 - Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards Table 2 Differences with respect to the 35 C/5 36 C/ New activities (1c) Contribute to develop Member States capacities for coastal hazard assessment (new action: ) Reorganized/reinforced activities IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 4 Page 7 Terminated/reduced activities (1a) Promote integrated and sustained monitoring and warning systems (redistributed to 1c and NO-A staff: ) (1b) Educating communities at risk with respect to natural hazards impact prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures (redistributed to 1c and NO-A staff: ) HLO 2 - Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and variability (2a) World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) (budgeted at real cost: ) (2b) WMO-IOC Joint Technical Commission for Oceanography and Marine Meteorology (JCOMM) (reinforced: ) (2b) Ocean acidification (reinforced: ) (2c) Increase the understanding of the impacts of climate change and variability on marine ecosystems and their living resources (reinforced: ) (2b) GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) decentralization (Transferred to Capacity Development for SIDS for ocean observation: ) HLO 3 - Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems HLO 4 - Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources Governance and policy (3c) Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) (new activity: ) (2d) Climate change adaptation for Africa and SIDS (reinforced: ) (3c) Decentralization of capacity development activities (reorganized: to regions) IOC Governing Bodies meetings (budgeted at real cost: ) (3a) Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment (reduced: ) (4b) Science for coastal and ocean resource management (reduced: ) (4c) Decision support tools for integrated coastal and ocean management (reduced: )

9 Page The budgetary choices have been made giving priority to global environment and development issues, such as (a) climate and climate change impacts, adaptation and mitigation and biodiversity, (b) a more decentralized approach for activities concerning developing countries, and (c) leverage of extrabudgetary resources vis-à-vis the regular programme, as follows: HLO 1 - Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards A new action to contribute to develop Member States capacities for coastal hazard assessment is being proposed (1c) to cover an area of work that is currently absent in the HLO. Activities foreseen target Africa, the Asia/Pacific, and Latin America and the Caribbean. The redistribution of funds from activities 1a (Promote integrated and sustained monitoring and warning systems) and 1b (Educate communities at risk ) is justified by the need to create a new action (see above) and the creation of a National Officer (50% with the Natural Sciences Sector) in Jakarta to assist with tsunami awareness and preparedness. The large amounts of extrabudgetary resources mobilized for 1a and more recently for 1b make the redistribution affordable. HLO 2 - Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and variability WCRP (under 2a) will be budgeted in the regular programme at its real cost. The reinforcement of JCOMM (under 2b) responds to the request of the 43rd Executive Council and is especially meant to the production of standards for operational oceanography. The reinforcement of the action on ocean acidification (2b) and that on the impacts of climate change and variability on marine ecosystems (2c) will allow IOC to engage more in scientific events and activities. The strong reinforcement of action 2d on Climate change adaptation for Africa and SIDS is meant to properly address, in a decentralized way, one of the priorities of UNESCO through demonstration activities. The transfer from Action 2b (GOOS) to Action 3c corresponds to the need to develop capacities in ocean observation of SIDS from the Indian Ocean and the Pacific. HLO 3 - Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems The new activity on OBIS (under 3c) is the first contribution from the regular programme to the newly established programme under IODE. Except the IOC Chairs, capacity development activities (under 3c) will be decentralized to IOC regional subsidiary bodies, for a better regional delivery. The role of IOC in the Regular Process (4a) is very uncertain and concerns only scientific and technical expertise and no longer the prospect of hosting the secretariat; therefore, fewer resources need to be made available. HLO 4 - Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources The reductions for Science for coastal and ocean resource management (4b) and Decision support tools for integrated coastal and ocean management (4c) are justified by the good leverage of extrabudgetary resources for these two activities.

10 Page 9 General policy and coordination The reinforcement of the meetings of the IOC Governing Bodies is motivated by the need to budget for them at their actual cost. Staff establishment 28. In implementation of the call of the 43rd Executive Council (Resolution EC-XLIII.7 on the Future of IOC) to strengthen the IOC administration in Paris, and to reinforce tsunami activities in the Indian Ocean, the IOC staff establishment will be increased as follows: 1 post (P4 level) at the Headquarters to assist with the implementation of programmes in Africa, in support to the IOC Africa Coordinator, and with liaison to Regional Subsidiary Bodies, in particular for capacity development activities. 1 post (P4 level) for Executive Officer (EO) at the Headquarters to assist with strategic planning and programme monitoring, UN coordination, and coordination with UNESCO senior management in the context of a reinforced IOC position within the Organization. 1 post (NO-A) for National Officer for tsunami activities in the Jakarta UNESCO Field Office (50% with the Natural Sciences Sector). Overall budget breakdown 29. The overall breakdown of the proposed regular programme budget by activity and staff costs is presented in Figure ,600, 1.9% 3,449,900, 32.0% 43,650, 0.4% 635,835, 5.9% 395,815, 3.7% 6,037,300, 56.1% 35 C/5 Staff 36 C/5 staff cost increase New posts Staff upgradings 35 C/5 activities Additional activities Figure 2 Overall budget breakdown 30. As the regular programme is complemented by extrabudgetary resources, combining regular programme and extrabudgetary resources, the overall budget breakdown between the cost of activities, temporary assistance and staff, in 2010, can be represented as in Figure 3:

11 Page 10 48% 38% Staff Temporary assistance Activities 14% Figure 3 Expenditure on activities, temporary assistance and staff (Regular Programme + Extrabudgetary) in For details, see document IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 2 (Progress Report on Budget Execution 2010 and Anticipated Funding for 2011). Budget by High-level objective and Action 32. The Draft Programme and Budget by High-level objective and Action is provided in Table 3. Information on regional decentralization is provided in Table 4. Table 3 Draft budget for C/5 35 C/5 Difference 36 C/5 1 Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards 1a Promote integrated and sustained monitoring and warning systems b Educating communities at risk with respect to natural hazards impact prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures c Contribute to develop Member States' capacities for coastal hazard assessment (new action) Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and variability 2a Increase the understanding of the ocean's role in climate change and variability b Ocean observations and information for climate c Increase the understanding of the impacts of climate change and variability on marine ecosystems and their living resources d Climate change adaptation for Africa and SIDS Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems 3a Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment b Research and monitoring for the prevention of marine environmental degradation c Capacity-development necessary for maintenance of healthy ocean ecosystems focusing on the regional needs (including OBIS, new activity) Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources

12 36 C/5 IOC-XXVI/2 Annex 4 Page C/5 Difference 36 C/5 4a Regional cooperation through capacity-building and transfer of technology and measures to strengthen IOC Regional Subsidiary Bodies b Science for coastal and ocean resource management c Decision support tools for integrated coastal and ocean management General policy and coordination IOC Governing Bodies and UN consultation and coordination ACTIVITIES NET Common projects and costs TOTAL ACTIVITIES (A) TOTAL STAFF (B) (nominal difference with 35 C/5 reevaluated at 36 C/5 standard costs) TOTAL IOC

13 Page C/5 1 Prevention and reduction of the impacts of natural hazards 1a Promote integrated and sustained monitoring and warning systems 1b Educating communities at risk with respect to natural hazards impact prevention, preparedness and mitigation measures 1c Contribute to develop Member States' capacities for coastal hazard assessment (new action) Table 4 Decentralization of activities HQ Africa Arab States Asia/Pacific LAC Total field Mitigation of and adaptation to climate change and variability 2a Increase the understanding of the ocean's role in climate change and variability 2b Ocean observations and information for climate c Increase the understanding of the impacts of climate change and variability on marine ecosystems and their living resources 2d Climate change adaptation for Africa and SIDS Safeguarding the health of ocean ecosystems 3a Regular Process for Global Reporting and Assessment of the State of the Marine Environment 3b Research and monitoring for the prevention of marine environmental degradation 3c Capacity-development necessary for maintenance of healthy ocean ecosystems focusing on the regional needs (including OBIS, new activity) Management procedures and policies leading to the sustainability of coastal and ocean environment and resources 4a Regional cooperation through capacity-building and transfer of technology and measures to strengthen IOC Regional Subsidiary Bodies IOCARIBE WESTPAC IOCEA IOCWIO IOCINDIO b Science for coastal and ocean resource management c Decision support tools for integrated coastal and ocean management General policy and coordination IOC Governing Bodies and UN consultation and coordination Common projects and costs TOTAL ACTIVITIES % 7.4% 1.6% 6.3% 5.0% 20.3% Difference with 35 C/

14 Page In the Draft 36 C/5, the breakdown of activity allocations and estimates of staff costs by (a) High-level Objectives, (b) General Policy and Coordination (including Governing Bodies and participation in UN consultation and coordination processes), and (c) Programme-related Services and Common Projects and Costs is provided in Table 5 and Figure 4. Table 5 Draft 36 C/5: breakdown between activities and staff Programme areas Activities Staff Total Diff. 35 C/5 HLO 1 - Coastal hazards HLO 2 - Ocean and climate HLO 3 - Ocean ecosystems HLO 4 - Regions and management General policy and coordination Programme-related services and common projects and costs Total Figure 4 Draft 36 C/5: HLOs, General policy and coordination, and Programme-related services and Common projects and costs 34. The difference with the 35 C/5 is shown based on 35 C/5 staff cost re-costed at 36 C/5 standard costs. Modalities of implementation and partnerships 35. The implementation of IOC s activities will be enhanced by a more decentralized approach (IOC Sub-commissions and Regional Committees; UNESCO field network). The IOC will strengthen existing dialogue to inform the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on the ocean-related research and sustained observing needs of the Convention. This effort will take place in close cooperation with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) with which IOC co-sponsors the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). These and other activities will contribute to the UNESCO Climate Change Initiative by strengthening the climate change science and interdisciplinary knowledge base. IOC It will strengthen information to Parties of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) on observing needs to protect marine biodiversity. It will continue to input to the UN Secretary-General s report informing and advising the General Assembly on ocean science and the law of the sea, and to coordinate with other relevant UN organizations, through UN-Oceans. Particular effort will go toward raising the visibility of ocean

15 Page 14 issues in the UNCED process. Pending confirmation of funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), IOC will conduct a Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme in cooperation with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), IHP, and other international and national partners. In the area of marine sciences cooperation will be fostered with the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and other advisory bodies to the Commission. Field network and decentralization 36. For the implementation of its activities, currently the IOC relies on a wide and varied network (Figure 5): IOC Field Units (project offices with IOC staff in Cartagena, Copenhagen, Ostend, Perth, Toulouse) UNESCO Field Offices hosting IOC staff and assisting with administration (Apia for PTWS, Bangkok for WESTPAC, Dakar for the ACCC project, Doha for IOCINDIO, Jakarta for JTIC, Kingston for IOCARIBE, Nairobi for IOCEA and IOCWIO) UNESCO Field Offices collaborating in the implementation of the programme (for example, Montevideo for ICAM and Rabat for ocean sciences) National or international entities with which IOC has formal or informal cooperation agreements, either on the mid- or short-term Holders of IOC Chairs (Concepcion, Dar es-salaam, Kiel, Maputo, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sydney) Figure 5 IOC and UNESCO networks 37. Implementing activities through such networks explains why IOC has different decentralization rates then other components of UNESCO. Nevertheless, in the last three biennia

16 Page 15 the rates of direct decentralization to UNESCO Field Offices have increased, especially in favour of Africa (Figure 6) C/5 34 C/5 35 C/5 Draft 36 C/5 LAC Asia/Pacific Arab States Africa Figure 6 IOC decentralization to UNESCO Field Offices (in % of RP) 38. New forms of cooperation are being explored with newly industrialized countries: the IOC Regional Training and Research Centre on Ocean Dynamics and Climate (ODC) with China, the proposed International Training Centre for Operational Oceanography at INCOIS, Hyderabad, and the cooperation with Brazil in the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone (ZPCAS). These partnerships do not necessarily imply decentralization of funds from IOC and represent powerful vehicles for regional programme delivery. Additional proposal to the Director-General of UNESCO 39. The 43rd Executive Council of IOC, through Resolution EC-XLIII.7 The Future of IOC, responded to a proposal by the Portuguese Government to host the IOC Secretariat in Lisbon, providing it with the necessary resources and equipment and a yearly, non-earmarked contribution, to the IOC regular budget of 1.5 million (currently, 4.4 million per biennium). The Resolution emphasized the value and need of having the IOC Secretariat, representing UNESCO s most important flagship programme, at the Headquarters in Paris and of strengthening its support from UNESCO. 40. In this context, an increased enveloped for IOC, even in the context of a zero nominal growth scenario for the Organization, is perfectly justified. As land-based resources become exploited to their full capacity, there is increased interest in marine resources and in the factors that influence their sustainability. In order to keep up with the world-wide demand for additional information and coordination mechanisms, the IOC needs to reinforce its existing structures to better serve its Member States. IOC has exclusive competence in the coordination of regional tsunami early warning and mitigation systems and a global leadership role in other domains observation of the ocean, the science of oceans and climate, sustainable ocean development, and marine biodiversity. Extrabudgetary resources 41. UNESCO organizes extrabudgetary cooperation with its Member States through the Complementary Additional Programme (CAP). Within the CAP, IOC manages a thematic framework for extrabudgetary funding devoted to Oceans and coastal areas: science, services and capacity development.

17 Page The objective of this theme is to reinforce the regular programme of MP II MLA 4, by strengthening IOC s ability to improve governance and foster intergovernmental cooperation in managing and protecting oceans and coastal zones for the benefit of Member States around four main foci: development of early warning systems and strengthening of preparedness capacities for tsunamis and other sea level related hazards; ocean observing systems and science and coastal adaptation measures with particular attention to the impacts of climate change and sea level rise; ocean science for the protection of coastal and ocean ecosystems; and regional cooperation and approaches and tools for the management of coastal and marine zones. The theme capitalizes on UNESCO/IOC s comparative advantage as leading UN organization in the areas of tsunami early warning systems, ocean observing systems, including sea-level monitoring, oceans and climate, and international exchange of oceanographic data and information, as well as its strong role, in cooperation with other partners, in monitoring the state of the ocean, integrated coastal area management and marine spatial planning approaches, and capacity development for marine sciences. The tentative level of funding sought for is as follows. Table 6 South levels of extrabudgetary resources for Global Africa Arab States Asia/ Pacific Europe LAC Overall target 15 million 30% 25% 10% 15% 5% 15% 43. The Secretariat seeks the advice of the Member States on priority proposals and target regions in the context of the CAP. 44. Under ADG/IOC s lead, IOC is also coordinating the UNESCO intersectoral platform on UNESCO s contribution to climate change mitigation and adaptation. With a special focus on Africa and SIDS, UNESCO is focusing its climate change efforts on four critically important areas where additional financial resources are expected to bring particularly valuable benefits to Member States, namely: (i) strengthening the interdisciplinary climate change knowledge base and the UNESCO Climate Change Adaptation Forum; (ii) further developing Climate Change Education for Sustainable Development Programme; (iii) expanding the Global Climate Change Field Observatory of UNESCO Sites; and (iv) strengthening the Interdisciplinary Social, Human, Ethical and Gender Dimensions of Climate Change Research Programme. Together, these four areas form the basis for the UNESCO Climate Change Initiative, the objective of which is to assist countries, communities and groups to enhance their capacities to mitigate and adapt to climate change and to build green societies. 45. The organization of the CAP for is expected to be completed within the year. IOC will organize its extrabudgetary proposals according to the principles agreed with Member States in relation to the Draft IOC Fund-raising Strategy (IOC/INF-1283). As specific proposals are prepared they will be made available to Member States for their consideration and presented at the 45th Executive Council in Proposed decision 46. The Assembly will be invited to adopt the IOC Programme and Budget for