International Journal of Engineering and Science Applications ISSN: PPs-UNHAS

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1 International Journal Engineering Science Applications Hydrodynamic Characteristics 3 GT Fishing Ship Hull Form in Sulawesi Waters Muhammad, A.H.1, Paroka, D.2, Rahman, S.3 dan Syarifuddin4 1 Department Naval Architecture, Faculty Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 9245, Indonesia, i_haris@yahoo.com 2 Department Naval Architecture, Faculty Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 9245, Indonesia, d_paroka@yahoo.com 3 Department Naval Architecture, Faculty Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 9245, Indonesia, sabarahman5@gmail.com 3 Department Naval Architecture, Faculty Engineering, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 9245, Indonesia, syarifuddin.dewa@yahoo.com ABSTRACT This study aims to determine hydrodynamic characteristics 3 GT fishing ship hull form, operating around Sulawesi waters. The hydrodynamic study includes determinations ; i) ship main dimensions, ii) ship resistance power, iii) ship stability maneuvering. The main dimensions identifications were based on a several fishing ship. Ship resistance power aproximination used Holtrop method. The investigation ship stability maneuvering was based on IMO criteria. Three samples fishing ship were investigated. The results hydrodynamic analysis showed that influences B/T ratio is significant. Properly selecting B/T ratio on fishing ships can be improved in power reduction possible increase in safety ship Keywords: Hydrodynamic, hull form, fishing ship purse-seiner implementation national development 1. INTRODUCTION Indonesia is a maritime country with a vast ocean covering two-thirds total area Indonesian territory. Marine resources priority, particularly in field food security. Regional Fisheries Management will be welfare community if it can (RFM) Republic Indonesia is be used optimally. Indonesian government divided into eleven regions as Figure 1 [3]. policy in optimizing marine resources is The potential fish resource in each RFM is through ship motorization modernization grouped into six kinds i.e.: demersal fish, fishing gear as well as Presidential Decree shrimp, lobster, large pelagic fish, small No. pelagic fish, reef fish etc. Pelagic fish is one construction fishing ships above 3 gross species that are still available in larger tonnage (GT) or ships with a length over quantities around 6% tons 2 meters, fishing gear equipped ship per year, but until now which can be with in accordance with local needs without produced only about 55. tons per year. ignoring government regulations as Decree Low level marine fisheries production is No. 6/MEN/21 [2]. This policy is in-line believed due to lack both mastery with government program to accelerate technology adequate infrastructure. The 1/INPRES/21 [1], namely 153

2 International Journal Engineering Science Applications statistical data [4] showed that 32% were relatively lower in order to easily raise outboard motors, 4% with outboard motors catches to deck, ship has wider work rest were without motor. decks with B/T is relatively larges. To optimize operation 3 GT fishing ships in Sulawesi This research focused on study waters, hydrodynamic characteristics 3 GT produced ship should be adapted to local fishing ship hull form in Sulawesi waters design, without neglecting necessary (WPP-RI 713). The region is one fisheries design stards i.e: a plan lines drawing, areas that has a great potential, around 14, hydrostatic stability calculations, engine 26% or tons/year total fishery power calculation as well as setting Indonesian. appropriate space. A difference (main) 2. LITERATUR REVIEW dimensions 3 GT fishing ships operating in Sulawesi waters, generally because dimensions fishing gear used environmental conditions (wind, waves currents). Dimension ratio characteristics fishing ship with purse-seine type have a ratio L/B which is relatively larger to withst side load when pulling fishing gear. Ships have a freeboard (T/H) is A. Fishing Ship The Law Republic Indonesia No. 31/24 [5] on Fisheries confirms that fishing ship is a ship, boat, or or floating devices to catch fish, support fishing operations, farm fish, transport fish, process fish due research, particularly fishing ships to collect, store, refrigerate, or preserve fish during cruise. Figure 1. Fishery management region Republic Indonesia 154

3 International Journal Engineering Science Applications In addition to above as a function fishing ship i.e.: ratio L/B, L/T, CM, CP, LCB, fishing ships, ship can also be used for half angle entrance (½AE), half angle training guidance inspection activities run, buttock slope, trim ship. [6]. Based on operation, fishing ships are Similar comparison was also used in a divided into several types including: trawlers, number fishing ships in several countries purse-seiner, long liner, gill-neter. The (such as UBC series, BSRA, ITU, Webb, above mentioned differences in fishing gear USNA NPL) [1]. result in different ways operating. C. Ship Resistance Fishing ship has a number unique Total resistance ships is a number character design compatrd with general components that work through current merchant ships. The are[7]: a) L/B ratio is ship motion which include physical effects, relatively smaller, b) rudder propeller wave, air ors. International Towing blade size is relatively larger c) generally Tank Conference (ITTC) underlines that operated with initial trim conditions on total resistance ship consists viscous bow a relatively larger it ranged resistance components (depending on between 3-4% draft ship (T). Reynolds number) wave resistance Rawson Tupper [8] state that if (depending on Froude number), practical vessel is operated with a relatively larger trim viscous resistance is usually estimated by condition, motion ability posibly reduced. using correlation line (CF) ITTC CF The important things to be considered in is an approach skin friction a flat fishing vessel design are: cruising speed, plate. The use form factor including main engine performance, stability effect hull shape on formation maneuvering, environmental parameters. The boundary layer (boundary layer growth) greatly affects characteristics ship viscous components pressure drag. For design dimensions, ships with a low Reynolds number, operating on a wavy sea; ii) ship propulsion resistance component due to friction is system working on a wavy sea, iii) ship most dominant. Ship waves resistance can be control predicted depending on type hull, dimensions including: i) system, environmental ship considering disturbances (waves currents). a number methods, size speed ship as methods developed B. Ship Parameter In design fishing ships, it is very important to consider hydrodynamic characteristics by by Holtrop [11] [12], Digernes [13], Van Oormerssen [14] or UBC Calisal Series [15], Fao [16]. ship. Fyson [9] identifying that re are nine parameters affect hydrodynamic characteristics 155

4 International Journal Engineering Science Applications catch in hold during operation; it D. Ship Propulsion In a conventional type propulsion system, brake hotse power (BHP) can create an unbalance ship, is especially in laying hatch. iii) At transferred from main engine to time trawling, towing dredging propeller to push ship. Essentially, an both longitudinally transversely can effective power required by ship due to result in huge ship trim hell, so laying presence mechanical components gear on deck needs special attention as well system hydrodynamic propeller as during lifting catch on board shaft. The equation is below: BHP =PE/.η ηh ηr ηs ηm F. Ship Maneuvering Ship maneuvering is ability where: PE is an effective power; η is open ships to move under control water efficiency; ηh is efficiency operation. In addition, ship's position hull; ηr is rotary rotative efficiency; ηs is changes shaft efficiency (for propulsion system using 4 stroke engine with transmission gear box, shaft efficiency parameters estimated 97% [17]. To assist designer when making quick comparison ships power for similar type, displacement, power speed, n CAD values can be calculated by bellow equation: CAD= ( 2/3.V3)/(BHP/ ηs) E. Ship Stability The ship stability is defined as a can be caused by external disturbances such as wind, waves currents. As a function in operation fishing ships, chasing catching fish as well as circular nets (purseseiner) make fishing ship maneuverability is urgently needed. A number forces moments equations fishing ship hull can be used in analyzing ship maneuvering equations, developed by Yoshimura [18], Yoshimura Ning [7]. Kijima [19] Kijima Tanaka [2]. character or nature a ship to return to its 3. METHODOLOGY original position after a heeling, caused by A. Ship influence forces acting from both To determine hydrodynamic inside outside ship. The ability to characteristics 3 GT fishing ship hull return to its initial position is known as form in Sulawesi waters, 3 sample fishing protects moment or enforcement moment ships were used ir dimension ship ships. Things that can reduce ship hull form, shown respectivelly in Figure 2 stability in connection with operation Table 1. fishing ships are: i) Payload catch excess (in hold or on deck), it can reduce buoyancy (freeboard) shift center gravity ship. ii) The shift 156

5 International Journal Engineering Science Applications CP is lowest for ship sample 3. This result B. Ship Hydodynamics Analysis The analysis hydrodynamic was also compared with a number fishing characteritic 3 GT fishing ship hull form, vessels (i.e. UBC series, BSRA, ITU, Webb, systematically takes following steps: i) USNA NPL). Identification comparison hull dimensions, ii) resistance power, iii) stability maneuvering. Identify dimensions ship comparison is based on number fishing vessels in several countries (such as UBC series, BSRA, ITU, Webb, USNA NPL) [8]. Ship resistance power calculated by using Hotrop method [9] [1]. Ship stability maneuverability investigated Figure 3 shows a comparison approximated total resistance coefficient (CT) on three ships samples. Based on analysis showed that CT parameter ship sample 2 is lowest than sample 1 3. It is due to reduice B/T ratio. This trend can also cause parameter ½AE reduice as well. Summary results analysis can be shown in Table 3. Figure 4 shows a comparison based on IMO criteria [19]. admiral coefficient (CAD) for analyzed three 4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Table 2 shows an identified main dimensions ratio ree ship samples. The results showed that ratio L/B, L/Δ(1/3) CB are lowest for ship sample 1, ratio B/T ½AE are lowest for ship sample 2, a) Hull form ship sample 2 ship samples. It shows that CAD parameter ship sample 2 has lower than ship 1 3. Therefore ship sample 2 requires lowers power to propel ship. A summary result analysis is shown in Table 4. b) Hull form ship sample 1 c) Hull form ship sample 3 Figure 2. Hull form ship sample 157

6 International Journal Engineering Science Applications Table 1. Main dimensions ships sample Loa L B H T Disp CB V Table 2. Main dimension comparison ship sample CB L/B B/T Series UBC BSRA ITU Webb USNA NPL ,53 -,61,53 -,63,35 -,56,42 -,53-2,6-4, 4,3 5,8 3,3 5, 3,2 5, /3 CP ½ AE L/ ,2 2, ,47 4,35 5,1 3,4 6,1 3,85 5, Figure 3:Comparison total resistance coefficient (CT) ship sample Figure 4. Comparison admiral coefficient(cad) ship sample Table 3. Total resistance coefficient paramater ship sample (1-3) (1-3) (1-3) RT 9,997 5,491 6,936 CRR 7,832 3,419 4,821 CW 6,441 2,247 3,54 CF 2,164 2,71 2,116 CV 2,88 2,52 2,696 Table 4. Admiral coefficient parameter ship sample Fn Figure 5 displays large angle stability analyzed three ship samples. It SHP 152/ / /175 Disp CAD with IMO criterion (A749-18). A summary result analysis is shown in Table 5. shows that stability parameter ship Figure 6 shows a comparison sample 3 is superior than sample 1 3. The numerical simulations turning circle for good stability sample ship 3 is possible three ships sample tested. The simulation because ship has B/T ratio is largest. results shows that ship sample 2 has a However, for all samples analyzed complied ratio DT/L AD/L, which is lower than 158

7 International Journal Engineering Science Applications sample ships 1 3. However, three IMO (DT/L <5 AD/L<4.5). A summary samples analyzed all which comply with result analysis is shown in Table : Initial GMt for vessels >= 24m in length GM at. deg GZ m GZ m Max GZ =.436 m at 35 deg..4 Max GZ =.552 m at 48 deg : Initial GMt for vessels >= 24m in length GM at. deg Heel to Starboard deg Ship sample Heel to Starboard deg Ship sample : Initial GMt GM at. deg = 1.62 m.7.6 Max GZ =.518 m at 27 deg. GZ m Heel to Starboard deg Ship sample 3 `Figure 5.Stability curve ship sample Table5: Stability parameter ship sample Displ. IMO Criterion KG Area 3 deg Area - 4 deg Area 3 4 deg Max Gz 3 deg. Angle Max Gz Initial GMt at deg, deg. 35 deg. 27 deg Figure 6. Turning circle sample ships Table 6. Turning circle sample ships IMO Criterion [21] Rudder areas (AR) DiameterTactical(DT) 5L 3.7L 2.49L 2.49L Advance (AD) 4.5L 4.13L 3.93L 4.1L 159

8 International Journal Engineering Science Applications [5] Perpu 5. CONCLUSIONS A study hydrodynamic characteristics 3 GT fishing ship hull form was conducted. (24), Undang Republik Indonesia No.31 Tahun 24 [6] Nomura, M & Yamazaki, T. (1977). Comparison results analized 3 GT Fishing fishing ship hull form with several fishing International ships IMO criteria were covered. It Tokyo. shows that influences B/T ratio on ship Undang Techniques I, Cooperation Japan Agency, [7] Yoshimura, Y. Ning Ma. (23). is significant. Properly selecting B/T ratio Manoeuvring fishing ship can be improved in power Vesssels. Proceeding Marsim, Japan. reduction possible increase in safety Prediction Fishing [8] Rawson, K.J., Tupper, E.C., (21). ship. Basic Ship Theory. Vol. 2. Oxford Acknowledgments Boston:Butterworth-Heineman The authors wish to thank Directorate [9] Fyson, J (1985). Design Fishing Higher Education, Ministry Education Vessels. Food Agriculture Culture, Republic Indonesia, for funding Organization United Nations National Priority Research (MP3EI- Fishing News Book Ltd, Farnham, 214). The authors would also like to thank Engl. friendly students who were members [1] Majumder, M., Akinturk A., Calisal, a joint research group at Laboratory Based SM. (22), Optimized design small Education (LBE) Ship Propulsion craft, MarineTechnology SNAME Hasanuddin University for ir valuable News. Vol. 39, 2; pp assistance data collection in field. [11] Holtrop, J. (1984). A Statistical Reanalysis Resistance Propulsion REFERENCES Data, [1] Inpres (21). Percepatan Pelaksanaan Shipbuilding Progress, Vol 31. pp Prioritas Pembangunan Nasional No 1 [2] Kepmen (21). Alat Penangkapan Ikan Wilayah International 276 [12] Holtrop, J. Mennen G.G.J. (1982). Tahun21 di Journal Pengelolaan Perikanan An Approximate Method, Journal Power Perdition International Negara Republik Indonesia No 6, Shipbuilding Progress, Vol 29. pp Tahun [3] Permen (29), Wilayah Pengelolaan [13] Kjetil, (199). Utproving av utvalgte Perikanan Negara Republik Indonesia formler for beregning av motst I No. Per/1/Men/29 stille vann, The Norwegian Institut [4] KKP (213). Statistik Kelautan dan Fishery Technology Research Report. Perikanan,

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