Risk Assessments for Drilling and Servicing Operations. Presented by: Corey Beacom Stan Smith

Transcription

1 Risk Assessments for Drilling and Servicing Operations Presented by: Corey Beacom Stan Smith

2 Introductions Corey Beacom, Health Scientist, OSHA Health Response Team Stan Smith, Chemical Engineer, OSHA Health Response Team

3 Employer S&H Responsibilities Employers are responsible to provide workplaces free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious physical harm to their employees, and to comply with OSHA standards. * Responsible to protect the environment. Responsible to minimize equipment damage and lost time. As well, companies must make a profit in order to stay in business. Risk assessments support all of these! * From OSHA Act of 1970, Section 5(a)(1) and 5(a)(2).

4 Employee S&H Responsibilities Based on employer policies and procedures. Only as good as the policies, procedures, and training provided to the employees. Risk assessments support and reinforce employee responsibilities by helping them: Bring forward hazards and determine measures to best correct the hazards. Be more aware of the hazards and the risks associated with the work. Be more aware of how to keep themselves and others as safe as reasonably practicable.* * From API RP 76, Contractor Safety Management for Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Operations, R2013.

5 What is a Risk Assessment A process that helps employers meet their obligation to provide a safe workplace, where: Hazards and risks are identified that have the potential to cause harm, Risks associated with the hazards are analyzed, and Appropriate measures that follow a hierarchy of control are put in place to eliminate the hazard, or control the risk when the hazard can t be eliminated. The higher the risk, the more critical the means of eliminating or controlling the risk. Risks Assessments (RAs) are also identified as Job Hazard Analyses (JHAs), Job Safety Analyses (JSAs), and other titles/acronyms.* * From API RP 76. See also, API RP 14J and API RP 74.

6 What Constitutes a Risk Assessment* 1. Must be done by competent people. 2. Needs to carefully consider the hazards of the steps in the job. 3. Needs to carefully and thoughtfully consider the risks of each hazard (i.e., the likelihood and potential consequences of occurrence). 4. Needs to identify the measures necessary to make the task as safe as practicable. 5. Needs to be written (as documentation). 6. Needs to be trained to employees who will be performing the task(s). * From API RP 76, 74, and 14J.

7 Why is a Risk Assessment Important Creates awareness of hazards and risk. Identifies who may be at risk. Determines whether a control program is required for a particular hazard. Determines if existing control measures are adequate or if more should be done. Prevents injuries and/or illnesses. Prioritizes hazards and control measures. Provides a record of who participated. Helps meet regulatory requirements.

8 Some Hazards of Drilling and Servicing* Vehicle accident hazards. Struck by/caught in hazards. Fall hazards. Fire and/or explosion hazards. Electrical shock hazards. Ergonomic hazards due to heavy job tasks. Heat and/or cold hazards. Hazards associated with living conditions. Hazards associated with the fast work pace. Hazards associated with inexperienced workers. *Examples only. Not intended as a complete list of hazards.

9 Example Drilling and Servicing Tasks, Hazards, and Harms Possible Task Hazard Harm Caused Driving Struck By Injury or Death Unloading Tubulars Caught In Pinching, Crushing On Monkey Board Fall Broken Bones, Damaged Organs Tripping Out Explosion Burns, Crushing, Shrapnel, Broken Bones Electrical Wiring Shock Burns, Electrocution Setting Irons Strain Damaged Muscles or Bones Summer Work Heat Stress Heat Exhaustion or Heat Stroke Cleaning Tanks Asphyxiation Tissue Damage to Death Sour Well Servicing H 2 S Exposure Nausea, Knockdown, Death Drinking the Water Bacteria Nausea, Illness Inexperienced Worker All of the Above All of the Above

10 Risk Analysis Risk analysis considers each specific hazard, its likelihood of occurrence, and the potentially adverse consequences of an occurrence. Likelihood of occurrence can be easily quantified by keeping track of incidents and near misses that occur in the industry. Potentially adverse consequences are often not quantified accurately. What is the value of human life or of lifestyle changes caused by injury? [This isn t a dollar figure!] What will be the public perception? Will consequences affect the company s ability to get jobs?

11 Likelihood of Occurrence* NAICS , and Incidents (211 Total) Asphyxiation, 5.7% Chemical Exposure, 0.9% Drowning, 0.5% Electric Shock/Electrocution, 5.2% Explosion/Fire, 14.2% Struck by Against & Caught In Between, 49.8% Fall Same Level, 0.9% Fall From Elevation, 11.4% Heat Stress, 4.3% Unknown/Natural Causes, 7.1% *OSHA fatality data ( ) does not include vehicle incidents.

12 Likelihood of Occurrence Shouldn t just be a company number. We ve never had this happen in over 40 years. NO! Many hazards are of known likelihood based on industry numbers/experience. Review API, IADC, AESC, STEPS, manufacturer, operator and other documents/standards/guides pertaining to the task(s). Certain contractors also have more experience than others and should be consulted when this is possible. Include the likelihood of all known hazards of the task(s), not just the most serious hazards. Likelihood of occurrence can increase with inexperienced hands.

13 Likelihood of Occurrence Must be determined by knowledgeable employees who are aware of the hazards and understand the likelihood of occurrence. Including knowledge of regulations and standards. Cannot rely on inexperienced or untrained workers to determine the likelihood! Not solely a single contractor function. Operators should identify their safety and health requirements and communicate them to contractors. Operators, contractors, and subcontractors are not relieved of their responsibilities for health and safety, and should work together on a jobsite basis.

14 Potentially Adverse Consequences Cannot be solely based on dollars. Must include potential consequences to employees and their families, and to the environment. Needs to consider worst case consequences. And include the consequences of all known hazards for the work, not just serious hazards. Consequences can increase with inexperience. Not solely a contractor function. Operators should identify their safety and health requirements and communicate them to contractors.

15 Potentially Adverse Consequences Many occurrences have known consequences based on industry experience. Review API, IADC, AESC, STEPS, manufacturer, and other documents/standards/guides pertaining to the work. Certain contractors have more experience and should be consulted when this is possible. Must be determined by knowledgeable employees who are aware of the hazards and understand the potential consequences. Including knowledge of regulations and standards. Cannot rely on inexperienced or untrained workers to determine the consequences!

16 Example Risk Matrix* Likelihood More than once each year 4 III II I I Several times 3 IV III II I Once in plant 2 IV IV III II lifetime Not expected in plant lifetime 1 IV IV IV III No injury or safety impact Minor injury or illness Injury or moderate illness Consequences Death or severe illness I = Unacceptable risk. Elimination of the hazard preferred. Layers of protection required for controls. II = Undesirable risk. Eliminate or control the hazard. Layers of protection suggested for controls. III = Acceptable with controls. IV = Acceptable as is. * Adopted from CCPS, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2 nd Edition, 1992.

17 Example RA (or JHA, JSA) To start the process, select the job or task to be performed. Break large jobs into smaller jobs/tasks to keep the size of the RA manageable. Then form a team of knowledgeable and competent employees. This should include at a minimum: A supervisor, manager, or other lead familiar with the job. Several workers familiar with the job. A safety representative. Engineers, specialists and others (as the job requires). Provide relevant information to the team.

18 Example RA (Cont.) Operating, maintenance and other procedures. Drawings, diagrams and other useful information. Questions or checklists that could assist the team. Bring the team together and break the job into individual steps to be performed. In the order to be performed. Steps selected should be pertinent to the job and should have a hazard (or hazards) associated with each step. For example, a step such as take a bathroom break is not necessary if there is no potential to cause harm. Then go through each step and identify the potential safety and health hazards and risks.

19 Example RA (Cont.) Keep the team engaged by using questions or checklists. Helpful questions can include: What can we be struck by? What has pressure that could hurt us? What can cause a slip, trip or fall? What can we fall off of or fall through? What can we get caught in, on or between? What can pinch or smash our hands and or fingers? What can burn us while performing our job? What can we breathe in swallow, or get on our skin that could hurt us? What can shock us? What is the noise level in our work area? What are the weather conditions? What is the right PPE for the job? What can hurt us when we might lift, push or pull that object? Are there any permits to work that need to be filled out for this task, if so have they been completed? What other potential hazards could exist?

20 Example RA (Cont.) All members of the team must be present when preparing the RA. Another reason to break large jobs into smaller jobs/tasks to keep the size of the RA manageable. After identifying the hazards and risks, decide what measures are necessary to eliminate or control each hazard. Follow the risk analysis process as described earlier. Once acceptable to the team, have each member sign and date the RA as approved. Publish and distribute the RA for use in the field.

21 Example RA (Cont.)* Risk Assessment for Job: Tripping pipe in hole. Written and approved by: Eric Toolpusher Signature Date: 12/4/2018 Diane Driller Darrel Derrickman Monica Motorhand Fred Floorhand Florence Floorhand Signature Signature Signature Signature Signature PPE, Special Tools, and Other Equipment Required: Hardhat, safety toe boots, safety glasses. Step # Description Hazards Measures to Eliminate or Control Hazards 1 Traveling block moving up derrick 2 Put make up tongs on and wrap spinning chain 3 Latching pipe into elevators. Tong counterweight line getting hooked on blocks or elevator. Pinch points when latching tongs to pipe. Pinch points. Dropping stand across derrick. Swinging pipe. Stabilize blocks and elevator. Do not put tongs on pipe too soon. Keep hands and fingers on designated handles. Keep good tail on spinning chain. Keep control of chain. Tail out pipe and stabilize stand after pickup. Watch for snag or short stand. *Not a complete RA. Adopted from OSHA Oil and Gas Well Drilling and Servicing etool.

22 The RA Process is Not Yet Completed! Field work should not begin until all hands involved in the job have reviewed the applicable RAs and have been trained to an acceptable level of understanding. Reviews should be directed by the crew lead. All employees involved in the job must review and be trained to the RA. The crew lead should ensure that all employees understand the hazards and the measures for elimination and/or control of the hazards. When reviewed in the field, job steps may change or be somewhat different than the RA.

23 Completing the RA Process (Cont.) The RA should be changed to match the job steps, hazards, risks, and measures that will actually be taken in the field. The lead and all employees involved in the job should then sign and date the revised RA. Measures to eliminate or control the hazards must then be implemented and/or understood before the job begins. For jobs that will last more than a day, the applicable steps in the RA should be reviewed again before they are performed that day.

24 Completing the RA Process (Cont.) During the job, as new hazards are encountered, the job must stop and each new hazard must be addressed before continuing. This must include: Evaluating the new step(s), hazard(s), and risk(s) encountered. Analyzing the risk(s). Selecting the right measures for elimination and control of the hazards and risks. Training all employees involved in the job to a level of understanding of the new hazards, risks, and measures for elimination and control. Implementing the new measure(s).

25 Completing the RA Process (Cont.) A risk assessment should be updated or a new risk assessment prepared based on the changes in the job, the hazards, and/or the risks introduced. Following completion of the job, a post job review with employees can also be a useful means of ensuring that all hazards, risks, and best measures for employee protection have been considered.

26 Conclusions Employers have a responsibility to keep workplaces safe. Risk assessments help accomplish this when properly prepared, when employees recognize the hazards and risks of their job, and when they understand how to eliminate and control the hazards of the job. RAs must identify job steps, hazards and risks of each step, and measures to eliminate and control the hazards and risks. RAs must be revised when hazards change. The job must stop and revisions to the RA must be made and trained to employees before the job continues.

27 References API RP 76 Contractor Safety Management API RP 74 Safety for Onshore Production Ops. API RP 14J Safety for Offshore Production Facilities ANSI ASSP Z690.1 Risk Assessment Vocabulary ANSI ASSP Z690.2 Risk Assessment Priciples ANSI ASSP Z690.3 Risk Assessment Techniques ANSI ASSP TR Implementation of ISO CCPS, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, 2nd Edition, OSHA Well Drilling and Servicing e Tool

28 Questions??? (801) (801)

29 This presentation contains information that is advisory in nature, informational in content, and is intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA approved state plan. In addition, the Act s General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm. The mention of any non governmental organization or link to its website(s) in this presentation does not constitute an endorsement by OSHA of that organization or its products, services, or website(s).

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