HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS

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Hector Williamson
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1 Flexible thinking HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS

Transportable SOLUFORCE BENEFITS Soluforce RTP (Reinforced Plastic Pipe) has been manufactured and used extensively since the year 2000.

The concept of a completely non corrosive pipe system for high pressure hydrocarbon applications came about through the demand from oil companies who proactively

In 1998 a JIP (Joint Industrial Project) which brought together manufacturers, users (such as Saudi Aramco, Petrobras, Shell, BP) and testing institutes was created.

It is qualified for Water, Hydrocarbons and Gas applications.

2 Transportable SOLUFORCE BENEFITS Soluforce RTP (Reinforced Plastic Pipe) has been manufactured and used extensively since the year It is estimated that over a thousand kilometers worldwide is currently in operation. The concept of a completely non corrosive pipe system for high pressure hydrocarbon applications came about through the demand from oil companies who proactively participated in the development and qualification of RTP. In 1998 a JIP (Joint Industrial Project) which brought together manufacturers, users (such as Saudi Aramco, Petrobras, Shell, BP) and testing institutes was created. Out of the JIP was developed an API standard (API RP 15S) for RTP in Soluforce RTP is a complete non metallic piping system. It is qualified for Water, Hydrocarbons and Gas applications. Manufactured by Pipelife in Enkhuizen, The Netherlands, Soluforce RTP is supplied on disposable wooden reels which may be easily transported by either road or ship. SILOAM SPRINGS Soluforce RTP comes with a complete fitting system for its pipes. It provides welding equipment and certified welders for installation wherever the customer requires. Soluforce is a business unit within the Pipelife International group of companies and benefits from belonging to one of the world s largest plastic pipe manufacturers. Robust 2

SUMMARY Benefits Pages 4-7 Water Pages 8-11 Hydrocarbons Pages 12-17 Connection Systems Pages 18-25 HAPARANDA II UTAJÄRVI

3 Pipelife International G.m.b.H. is a global player in the manufacture of plastic pipe systems with offices and production facilities in over 25 countries. SUMMARY Benefits Pages 4-7 Water Pages 8-11 Hydrocarbons Pages Connection Systems Pages HAPARANDA II UTAJÄRVI KAAVI SURNADAL STATHELL LJUNG TALLINN ÖLSREMMA ENKHUIZEN GDANSK ZHUKOV CORK BAD ZWISHENAHN RADOM KALMTHOUT OTROKOVICE GAILLON VIENNA DEBRECEN CHÂTEAUROUX MIERCUREA CIUC KARLOVAC ZARAGOZA ISTAMBUL THIVA Deployment 3

4 SOLUFORCE BENEFITS Solves corrosion problems Very fast Installation Maintenance Free Design life up to 50 years Soluforce RTP deployed (floating) during an offshore installation. 4

5 SOLUFORCE BENEFITS No scaling - No erosion Re-Usable 400 meters length per coil Very robust Soluforce RTP installed in the desert 5

6 Standards SOLUFORCE standards, testing AND qualifications Soluforce complies with the following standards: Oilfield service: API RP 15S API 17J Qualification of Spoolable Reinforced Plastic Linepipe Soluforce Light, and Soluforce Classic pipe system Specification for Unbonded Flexible Pipe Soluforce Heavy, pipe body Gas distribution and transport: ISO TS Reinforced Thermoplastic Piping Systems for Gaseous Fuels (Soluforce Light and Soluforce Classic, gas transport & distribution) DVGW VP 642 Faserverstärkte PE-Rohre (RTP) und zugehörige Verbinder für Gasleitungen mit Betreibsdrücken über 16 Bar (German Standard for gas distribution and transport, Soluforce Light and Soluforce Classic) Soluforce has a proven track record in the oil and gas industry, and has been used since 2000 for different applications, including oil and gas linepipe, water injection pipe, water transportation, and gas distribution and transport. Soluforce maintains the highest quality levels with regard to the design, manufacturing and testing of their products, according to, or exceeding the requirements in international standards. Qualification and Certification The design, testing and qualification of Soluforce is verified according to the applicable standards by ISO accredited independent institutes. For oilfield applications: Det Norske Veritas (DNV). For gas distribution and transport: RWTÜV. Certification by Bureau Veritas for oil applications at 150 bars working pressure. Bureau Veritas certify that Soluforce complies with AP 17J (specification for unbonded flexible pipe) 3 rd edition for sour applications. QA/QC System Soluforce is developed, manufactured and marketed under ISO9001 QA/QC system, approved by KIWA. 6

SOLUFORCE DESIGN AND Reliability The reliability of Soluforce is guaranteed by extensive

To assess the long-term strength, Soluforce is pressure tested for a period of 10,000 hours (more

One of the most important test criteria is that the fitting system should be stronger than the

Soluforce Light and Classic, being completely non-metallic, including the fitting system, offer

The resistance to third party interference, earth quakes and landslides has been verified in the

pipe. Soluforce is field-proven since 2000, when the first flowlines were installed in the Middle

7 SOLUFORCE DESIGN AND Reliability The reliability of Soluforce is guaranteed by extensive laboratory testing and long term field experience. To assess the long-term strength, Soluforce is pressure tested for a period of 10,000 hours (more than one year), according to internationally accepted standards. One of the most important test criteria is that the fitting system should be stronger than the pipe itself. Next to corrosion, third party interference is the major cause of pipeline failure. Soluforce Light and Classic, being completely non-metallic, including the fitting system, offer the ultimate in absolute corrosion resistance. The resistance to third party interference, earth quakes and landslides has been verified in the laboratory by falling weight impact testing, axial load and bending testing under supervision of major oil companies. In-field impact testing with digging machines has shown equal or better performance than steel pipe. Soluforce is field-proven since 2000, when the first flowlines were installed in the Middle East desert. These pipes have been in service since without any interruption. Meanwhile Soluforce has been installed worldwide onshore and offshore at major oil and gas companies. No failure in service has been reported. Axial force test Test preparation Elevated temperature testing in a hot water bath at 85 C. Squeeze test Bending test 7

8 SOLUFORCE WATER HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS FOR WATER 8

9 SOLUFORCE WATER Soluforce LIGHT : L450 - L540 A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement for lower pressure applications. - Effluent water - Water supply Soluforce CLASSIC : M480 - M570 An synthetic fibre tape reinforcement for medium pressure applications. - Effluent water - Saline water - Water injection Soluforce Classic and Light are resistant to ALL chemicals involved in water injection, also in extremely sour environments, including: - H 2 S in any concentration/pressure - (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, H 2 SO 4 - (strong) alkaline materials, including NaOH, KOH, and NH 3 solutions - CO 2 in any concentration/pressure - Anti-corrosion additives - Mineral salts - Hydrocarbons of any composition Soluforce HEAVY : H415 - H515 A high strength steel wire reinforcement for high pressure water applications. - High pressure water injection 9

10 SOLUFORCE WATER DATA SHEET Soluforce WATER Data Sheet Soluforce type L450 L540 M480 M570 H415 H515 Dimensions Nominal diameter 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" Outside diameter 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" Inside diameter 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" Weight in air < 6 kg/m / 4.2 Lb/ft <10 kg/m / 7 Lb/ft Technical Details Liner material HDPE, black, type PE100 Cover material HDPE, white, UV stabilised, type PE100 Reinforcement Aramid Fibre High strength steel wire cord Ratings Pressure Ratings Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), LCL 20 years (API RP 15S) Design pressure, FAT (API 17J) Short term bursting pressure (STHB) Maximum continuous operating pressure (20 yrs) Operating temperatures Maximum ambient and/or fluid temperature Minimum ambient and/or fluid temperature Design and Construction Parameters Flow 45 Bar / 644 psi > 144 Bar / 2088psi 36 Bar / 522 psi 36 Bar / 522 psi > 115 Bar / 1670 psi 29 Bar / 421 psi N/A 111 Bar / 1610 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi 90 Bar / 1305 psi 65 C / 150 F 90 Bar / 1305 psi > 270 Bar / 3915 psi 72 Bar / 1044 psi Above freezing point of fluid Hazen Williams friction factor (C) 150 Darcy Weisbach surface roughness (e) mm Design lifetime Surface installed 20 years Buried 50 years Minimum bending radius In storage 1.25 m / In service 3.00 m / Test pressure Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 49 Bar / 711 psi 40 Bar / 421 psi 123 Bar / 1784 psi 100 Bar / 1450 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi > 450 Bar / 6525 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi Packaging Length per coil 400 m / m / 721 Dimensions per coil (l x h x w) Weight per coil 400 x 420 x 115 cm 2200 kg / 4846 Lbs 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2720 kg / 5991 Lbs 400 x 420 x 115 cm 2240 kg / 4933 Lbs 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2760 kg / 6079 Lbs 1940 kg / 4273 Lbs N/A 195 Bar / 2828 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2380 kg / 5242 Lbs 10

As it is fully non-metallic it serves any sour application, without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content.

11 SOLUFORCE WATER Soluforce LIGHT : L450 - L540 With a maximum operating pressure of 36 Bar and 29 Bar for the (4 and 6 pipe resp.), SOLUFORCE LIGHT provides an excellent, flexible solution for medium pressure water transport. As it is fully non-metallic it serves any sour application, without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content. Soluforce CLASSIC : M480 - M570 Available with a maximum operating pressure of 90 Bar and 72 Bar (4 and 6 resp.), SOLUFORCE CLASSIC serves a very wide range of applications due to its unique combination of properties. Being fully non-metallic it is the ideal solution for even the toughest high pressure application such as sour service, without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content. Temperature uprating factors and maximum pressure rating Temp [ C] Uprating Factor M480 [bar]* M570 [bar]* *water service 10 1, , , , , , , , , Soluforce HEAVY : H415 - H515 For very high operating pressures up to 223 Bar (4 ) and 178 Bar (6 ) a steel wire reinforced pipe is available. SOLUFORCE HEAVY is specially developed for very high pressure (saline) water injection. It is resistant to (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, H 2 SO 4 and (strong) alkaline materials, including NaOH, KOH, and NH 3 solutions. As the pipe is steel cord reinforced the pipe has some limitations for sour H 2 S applications. The CO 2 content in the fluid can be very high, up to 7 % in the gas phase. 11

12 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS FOR HYDROCARBONS Soluforce RTP oil hook up line 12

13 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS Soluforce LIGHT : L450 - L540 A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement for lower pressure applications. Soluforce CLASSIC : M480 - M570 A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement for medium pressure applications such as oil flow lines and water disposal lines. Soluforce CLASSIC HPG : M480 HPG - M570 HPG A synthetic fibre tape reinforcement with a low gas permeation grade liner for medium pressure gas applications. Soluforce HEAVY : H415 - H515 A high strength steel wire reinforcement for high pressure oil flowlines. Soluforce HEAVY PA : H415 PA - H515 PA A high strength steel wire reinforcement with polyamide inner lining for high pressure gas applications. 13

14 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS data sheet SYNTHETIC FIBER REINFORCED RTP - API RP 15S Soluforce HYDROCARBONS Data Sheet Soluforce type L450 L540 M480 M570 M480 HPG M570 HPG Dimensions Nominal diameter 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" 100 mm / 4" 150 mm / 6" Outside diameter 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" 125 mm / 5" 150 mm / 6" Inside diameter 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" 100 mm / 4" 125 mm / 5" Weight in air < 6 kg/m / 4.2 Lb/ft < 10 kg/m / 7 Lb/ft Technical Details Liner material HDPE, black, type PE100 HDPE, low permeation grade Cover material HDPE, white, UV stabilised, type PE100 Reinforcement Aramid Fibre Ratings Pressure Ratings Hydrostatic Design Basis (HDB), LCL 20 years (API RP 15S) Short term bursting pressure (STHB) Maximum continuous operating pressure (20 yrs) Operating temperatures Maximum ambient and/or fluid temperature Minimum ambient and/or fluid temperature Design and Construction Parameters Flow 45 Bar / 644 psi > 144 Bar / 2088psi 26 Bar / 377 psi 36 Bar / 522 psi > 115 Bar / 1670 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 111 Bar / 1610 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi 65 Bar / 943 psi 65 C / 150 F - 40 ºC / - 40 ºF Hazen Williams friction factor (C) 150 Darcy Weisbach surface roughness (e) mm Bubble Point (according to ASTM F316) Maximum bubble point 65 C / 150 F Design lifetime Surface installed Buried Minimum bending radius 26 Bar / 377 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 20 years 50 years In storage 1.25 m / In service 3.00 m / Test pressure Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 49 Bar / 711 psi 40 Bar / 421 psi 123 Bar / 1784 psi Packaging Length per coil 400 m / 1312 Dimensions per coil (l x h x w) Weight per coil 400 x 420 x 115 cm 2200 kg / 4846 Lbs 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2720 kg / 5991 Lbs 400 x 420 x 115 cm 2240 kg / 4933 Lbs 90 Bar / 1305 psi > 270 Bar / 3915 psi 52 Bar / 754 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 100 Bar / 1450 psi 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2760 kg / 6079 Lbs 111 Bar / 1610 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi 65 Bar / 943 psi 65 Bar / 943 psi 123 Bar / 1784 psi 400 x 420 x 115 cm 2240 kg / 4933 Lbs 90 Bar/ 1305 psi > 270 Bar / 3915 psi 52 Bar / 754 psi 52 Bar / 754 psi 100 Bar / 1450 psi 410 x 420 x 146 cm 2760 kg / 6079 Lbs 14

15 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS data sheet STEEL CORD REINFORCED RTP - API 17J Soluforce HYDROCARBONS Data Sheet Soluforce type H415 H515 H415PA H515PA Dimensions Nominal diameter 100 mm / mm / mm / mm / 6 Outside diameter 125 mm / mm / mm / mm / 6 Inside diameter 100 mm / mm / mm / mm / 5 Weight in air <10 kg/m / 7 Lb/ft Technical Details Liner material HDPE, black, type PE100 API grade Polyamide Cover material HDPE, white, UV stabilised, type PE100 Reinforcement High strength steel wire cord composite Ratings Pressure Ratings Design pressure, FAT (API 17J) 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi Short term bursting pressure (STHB) > 450 Bar / 6526 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi > 450 Bar / 6526 psi > 360 Bar / 5220 psi Maximum continuous operating pressure (20 yrs) 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi Operating temperatures Maximum ambient and/or fluid temperature 65 C / 150 F Minimum ambient and/or fluid temperature - 40 ºC / - 40 ºF Design and Construction Parameters Flow Hazen Williams friction factor (C) 150 Darcy Weisbach surface roughness (e) mm Bubble Point (according to ASTM F316) Maximum bubble point 65 C / 150 F 21 Bar / 305 psi 21 Bar / 305 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi 150 Bar / 2200 psi Design lifetime Surface installed 20 years Buried 50 years Minimum bending radius In storage 1.25 m / In service 3.00 m / Test pressure Maximum Hydrotest Pressure 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi 195 Bar / 2828 psi Packaging Length per coil 220 m / 721 Dimensions per coil (l x h x w) 400 x 420 x 146 cm Weight per coil 1940 kg / 4273 Lbs 2380 kg / 5242 Lbs 1940 kg / 4273 Lbs 2380 kg / 5242 Lbs 15

SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS Soluforce LIGHT : L450 - L540 With a maximum operating pressure of 26 Bar and 21 Bar (4 and 6 ND pipe resp.

As this pipe concept is fully non-metallic it can serve any sour application, without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content.

Being fully non-metallic, it is the ideal solution for even the toughest applications such as sour oil service without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content.

16 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS Soluforce LIGHT : L450 - L540 With a maximum operating pressure of 26 Bar and 21 Bar (4 and 6 ND pipe resp.), Soluforce LIGHT provides an excellent, flexible solution for medium pressure oil transport. For example beam pump flow lines are a typical application for this pipe. As this pipe concept is fully non-metallic it can serve any sour application, without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content. Soluforce CLASSIC : M480 - M570 Soluforce CLASSIC is available with a maximum operating pressure of 65 Bar and 52 Bar (4 and 6 ND resp.). Being fully non-metallic, it is the ideal solution for even the toughest applications such as sour oil service without restrictions regarding H 2 S and CO 2 content. Applications such as beam pump flow lines or ESP (electrical submerged pumps) flow lines are areas where this pipe will prove its benefits. Soluforce CLASSIC HPG : M480 HPG - M570 HPG For high pressure applications with a high associated gas content Soluforce CLASSIC HPG was developed. This pipe has a special low gas permeation inner liner. Beam pump or ESP flow lines for oil transport with a high GOR (gas to oil ratio) will benefit from the ease of use, even with very high H 2 S and CO 2 contents. It is available with a maximum operating pressure of 65 Bar and 52 Bar (4 and 6 ND resp.) for high GOR applications. Ductile iron nylon coated end flange connection 16 Lekhwair, Oman sour oil service 7200 m - Pressure 735 psi - Temperature 120 F Installed in August 2000

As this pipe is steel wire reinforced the pipe has some limitations for sour H 2 S applications according to NACE MR0175 / ISO15156. The CO 2 content in the fluid may be very high.

17 SOLUFORCE HYDROCARBONS Soluforce HEAVY : H415 - H515 For very high operating pressures up to 150 Bar a steel cord reinforced pipe is available. It is resistant to (strong) inorganic acids like HCl, H 2 SO 4 and (strong) alkaline materials, including NaOH, KOH, and NH 3 solutions. As this pipe is steel wire reinforced the pipe has some limitations for sour H 2 S applications according to NACE MR0175 / ISO The CO 2 content in the fluid may be very high. Soluforce HEAVY PA : H415 PA - H515 PA Soluforce Heavy PA pipe, is qualified by bureau Veritas for hydrocarbon service according to API17J, irrespective of the composition of the hydrocarbon composition, with certain limitations to the concentration of H 2 S and CO 2, The liner materials (HDPE or PA12) are fully compatible with hydrocarbons and gas up to the maximum rated temperatures. Soluforce Heavy PA has a polyamide 12 (PA12) liner with a reduced rate of permeation. As a result, Soluforce Heavy PA may be used up to its full hydrostatic pressure capacity for gas, or for hydrocarbons with high associated gas content. In case of dry gas service, the temperature rating of Soluforce Heavy PA may, under certain conditions, be increased to 85 C (185 F). When there is no humidity present, PA12 is not affected by hydrolysis. 17

18 SOLUFORCE CONNECTION SYSTEMS HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS End fitting parts 18

Weld Stub «SOLUFORCE Electro fusion connection system is

19 SOLUFORCE CONNECTION SYSTEMS Summary COUPLINGS In-line coupling pipe to pipe coupling (P2P) END FITTINGS Flange Weld Stub «SOLUFORCE Electro fusion connection system is applicable up to 120 bars psi at max. 65 C F» 19

20 ELECTROFUSION SYSTEM IN-LINE COUPLINGS Combination of butt welding and electro fusion HDPE UV resistant protection sleeve Soluforce Pipe to Pipe connectorin stainless steel 316L Electro fusion only 20

ELECTROFUSION SYSTEM END FITTINGS OPTION

21 ELECTROFUSION SYSTEM END FITTINGS OPTION 1 : SOLUFORCE end fitting with stainless steel 316L flange 600 # Soluforce end fitting in stainless steel 316L with electro fusion connection to the pipe. Other flange ratings available on demand OPTION 2 : SOLUFORCE end fitting WITH nylon coated ductile iron flange 600 # SOLUFORCE end fitting with nylon coated ductile iron Nylon insert ensures no fluid to metal contact OPTION 3 : SOLUFORCE END FITTING WITH WELD STUB SOLUFORCE end fitting with Stainless steel 316L weld stub (other materials can be supplied on demand) 21

fitting Base for - End flange - Weld stub

22 ELECTROFUSION MACHINE Leak tight connection by butt fusion welding of liner pipe. Electrofusion welding of the coupling gives strength Completely non-metallic pipeline Totally corrosion free Eletrofusion welding of the end fitting Base for - End flange - Weld stub - P2P system Coupling End fitting Full installation team in a working site 22

23 ELECTROFUSION MACHINE COMPONENTS AND TOOLS Electrofusion control box Heater plate CNC control unit Trimmer «A completely computer controlled process Power required to run the machine 20 KVA» SOLUFORCE tools 23

SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM SOLUFORCE swaged fitting in stainless

steel exterior fiting The assembly consists in compressing

24 SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM SOLUFORCE swaged fitting in stainless steel. SOLUFORCE swaging machine. SOLUFORCE swaging machine on site. SOLUFORCE can rent out swaging machines and provide swaging services upon request. Stainless steel insert Metal and pipe sandwich after the swaging process. RTP pipe Sandwiched between the swaged fiting walls Stainless steel exterior fiting The assembly consists in compressing the external ring against the expansion of the internal insert. End Fitting ASTM Flange Stub end Mid-Line connection Grayloc Slim line Stub end «SOLUFORCE swaging system for SOLUFORCE Heavy RTP pipe system» 24

SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM OPTION 1 : SOLUFORCE SWAGE fitting with GRAYLOC CONNECTOR 316L Easy connection system. Light weight. Hooks up with Grayloc hub flange.

25 SWAGED FITTING SYSTEM OPTION 1 : SOLUFORCE SWAGE fitting with GRAYLOC CONNECTOR 316L Easy connection system. Light weight. Hooks up with Grayloc hub flange. OPTION 2 : SOLUFORCE SWAGE FITTING WITH SLIMLINE CONNECTOR IN 316l Easy axial load Heavy duty Hooks up with Slimline hub flange. OPTION 3 : SOLUFORCE SWAGE FITTING WITH WELD STUB END IN 316l Connection by steel welding. Hooks up with any type of weld stub flange. Other alloys can be supplied on demand. 25

26 APPLICATIONS SOLUFORCE lines hooked up to existing infra structure. Dual lines connect by Pipe to Pipe fittings. Installation in tropical rain forest. Flange to flange connection. Uncoiling of SOLUFORCE pipe along mountain road. 26 Handling of SOLUFORCE installation equipment in the field.

27 PIPE TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS Easy storage and manipulation Transport by sea Driving out to work site on the deployment trailer. Road transport Uncoiling 27

28 SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE HIGH PRESSURE PLASTIC PIPE SYSTEMS OFFSHORE 28 Special over-size drums for offshore can be supplied on demand

29 SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE When installed empty, the maximum external pressure on Soluforce, depending on diameter, is about 0.3 MPa, which limits the water depth to approximately 30 meters. However, when the Soluforce RTP system is kept pressurized or water filled during installation and operation there is no theoretical limit to the water depth. For oil and water pipes, the maximum water depth is therefore much more than 30 meters, and limited in practice by the maximum allowable tensile load during installation. For gas pipe, the maximum water depth is determined by the hydrostatic collapse resistance. Soluforce type Dimensions Soluforce CLASSIC Soluforce HEAVY M480 M570 Standard H415 H415 Standard Nominal diameter (mm) 100 (4 ) 150 (6 ) 100 (4 ) 125 (5 ) Weight, empty in air (kg/m) 4,6 5,9 7,0 9,0 Weight, empty submerged (kg/m) -8,1-12,4-5,6-8,9 Weight, waterfilled, submerged (kg/m) -0,3-0,4 2,2 3,1 Maximum pressure, water service (barg) DNV DNV Maximum pressure, hydrocarbon service (barg) API RP 15S API 17J Maximum pressure, gas service 1 (barg) API RP 15S API 17J Maximum hydrotest pressure 2 (barg) DNV DNV Maximum service température (C ) Internal surface roughness (Darcy Weisbach) (mm) 0,0015 0,0015 0,0015 0,0015 Hazen Williams friction factor Special grade HDPE linerpipe 2 Max 24 hours, test medium: water. For Soluforce Heavy see API 17J, Chapter 9. For more information contact us directly at info@soluforce.com or visit our website to download our brochure and submit your questions. Project references can be supplied upon demand. A design guideline for offshore installation can be obtained from Soluforce. Conforms to API RP 15S or API 17J for spoolable composite pipe systems. Soluforce RTP is DNV certified. 29

SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE Soluforce is suitable and economical for multiple offshore applications such as water injection lines, oil flowlines, and static risers up to 6 inch diameter.

The advantage of Soluforce Classic over (stainless) steel pipe and other flexible pipe systems is its complete corrosion resistance even in heavily sour service.

30 SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE Soluforce is suitable and economical for multiple offshore applications such as water injection lines, oil flowlines, and static risers up to 6 inch diameter. Soluforce may also be recoiled and re-used for well intervention risers and test lines. The advantage of Soluforce Classic over (stainless) steel pipe and other flexible pipe systems is its complete corrosion resistance even in heavily sour service. Soluforce Heavy can be used for sour service up to 0.3 Bars (4.5 psi) partial H2S pressure. Soluforce has a completely smooth bore, as opposed to most other offshore flexible pipe solutions. This ensures a much lower flow resistance and improved flow capacity. Designed originally for onshore operations Soluforce has limited external pressure resistance. However installed water filled and operated water or oil filled Soluforce may be used even in deep water. As a temporary test line, Soluforce has been used at 900 meters (3000 ft) water depth. Empty, or oil- or gas filled, the differential external pressure should be no more than 0.3 MPa (equivalent to 30 meters / 100 ft water depth). If the water depth is more than 30 meters (100 ft), used for gas service, or oil service with high GOR (Gas to Oil Ratio), a subsea Soluforce pipeline must be protected by some means to ensure that a positive differential pressure is maintained at all times. This could be, for instance, a safety shut off system. In such case, as long as the pipe is installed water filled, there is no theoretical limit to the water depth. Being lightweight, Soluforce must be fitted with external weight to ensure sufficient onbottom stability. This may either be strap-on concrete blocks at regular intervals or a piggybacked heavy steel wire cable. Sometimes, concrete weight mattresses are used. In deeper water, a parallel steel wire cable is required to ensure sufficient axial strength during installation. Soluforce Heavy PA, with a PA12 liner has been specifically designed for subsea gas pipelines, and is approved by Bureau Veritas for such service according to API 17J. As installation and operating conditions of flexible offshore pipelines vary widely, the over-all suitability, installation method, and economy of Soluforce must be evaluated in detail for each individual project. Soluforce is happy to advise the offshore engineering office of your choice on this subject. Soluforce Classic RTP during installation with concrete block attachment for sinking to bottom of sea. 30

SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE Disclaimer: All products purchased from or supplied by Pipelife are

contracts, order acknowledgements, and/or bills of loading.

is furnished upon the express conditions that the customer shall make his own assessment to

Pipelife makes no other warranty either express or implied, regarding such other information,

31 SOLUFORCE OFFSHORE Disclaimer: All products purchased from or supplied by Pipelife are subjected to terms and conditions set out in the contract, order acknowledgement and/or bill of lading. Pipelife warrants only that its product will meet those specifi cations designated in such contracts, order acknowledgements, and/or bills of loading. All other information including that herein, supplied by Pipelife, is considered accurate but is furnished upon the express conditions that the customer shall make his own assessment to determine the product s suitability for a particular purpose. Pipelife makes no other warranty either express or implied, regarding such other information, the data upon which the same is based, or the results to be obtained from the use thereof; that any products shall be merchantable or fit for any particular purpose; or that the use of such other information or product will not infringe any patent. 31

32 SOLUFORCE FLEXIBLE THINKING Pipelife Nederland B.V. Flevolaan MA ENKHUIZEN Netherlands Tel.: +31(0) Fax: +31(0) info@soluforce.com November, 2011 / Copyright: Pipelife Nederland bv

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