PPE Program. 3. Personal Protective Equipment Program. Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health (USECHH 2000) 5/16/2018

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1 3. Personal Protective Equipment Program Personal Protective Equipment PPE does nothing to stop the hazard at source, but simply provides protection to reduce the severity of the potential accident. Source PPE Program Requires a written respiratory protection plan Employee training Medical evaluation Fit testing Provide respirators at no cost to employee USECHH Regulation: Issuance Maintenance Testing Training Use and Standards of Exposure of Chemical Hazardous to Health (USECHH 2000) The approved PPE provided to employees shall: Be suitable to the type of work in which they are employed Fit the employees Not adversely affect the health or medical condition of the employees Be in sufficient supply and readily available to employees who require it. 1

2 Payment for PPE When PPE is required to protect employees, it must be provided by the employer at no cost to employees, except for specific items, such as: Safety-toe footwear Prescription safety eyewear Everyday clothing and weather-related gear Protecting Employees from Workplace Hazards Employers must protect employees from workplace hazards and dangerous work procedures that can cause injury, illness and fatalities. Employers must: Use all feasible engineering and work practice controls to eliminate and reduce hazards Then use appropriate PPE if these controls do not eliminate hazards Remember: PPE is the last control Employer Responsibilities Assessment Employers are required to conduct an assessment to determine the various hazards that may be present in your work area (HIRARC Document) Physical hazards Chemical hazards Employer Responsibilities Assessment As part of the assessment, employers must also determine the various health hazards that may be present in your work area Health hazards include: Types of chemicals hazards Sources of biological hazards Sources of nuclear radiation 2

3 Employer Responsibilities Selection and Provision of PPE Once your area has been assessed, your employer must select, with your help, appropriate PPE for you to use while performing your job Once your area has been assessed, your employer must provide, at no cost to you, appropriate PPE that fits, for you to use while performing your job NOTE: If you have your own PPE, it must be approved by your employer before you can use it on the job. Check with your supervisor or safety manager before using your own equipment In addition to providing you with PPE, your employer must maintain the PPE used by employees. If a piece of PPE cannot be repaired, it must be discarded and replaced. Your employer must maintain records of the workplace assessment and of your training Employee Responsibilities You are responsible for attending all PPE training sessions You are responsible for wearing your assigned PPE Follow ALL Warnings and Precautions Take time to read any and all warnings and precautions that may appear on tools, equipment, chemicals, SDSs, and PPE Listen and Follow Directions Listen and follow the directions that you may be given by your supervisor or safety manager. They want you to return home today, and everyday, safe and sound to your family and friends Report Report any and ALL unsafe conditions you may find in your work area to your supervisor or safety manager. REMEMBER: Safety is a team effort! Training Date prepared: 25-April-07 Doc. No. : M004(1) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) SELECTION Type of PPE Employees required to use PPE must be trained to know at least the following Activity General Activity (While on the Production Floor) Safety boots/sh oes Safety glasses with side shields Earplugsor Earmuffs Hard hat (At Assembly) Gloves Respiratory protection Others When PPE is necessary What type of PPE is necessary How to properly put on, take off, adjust, and wear Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance, useful life and disposal Overhead Crane Lifting Chemical handling, such as painting, cleaning, etc. Hot work / Cutting & Grinding job Working at height (Above 6 feet) Assembly / Installation job (Cutting & Grinding) (Chemical gloves) (If involves pneumatic or (When required) (When required) (Welding shield / Face shield) (Safety harness) power tool) Confined space (If involves pneumatic or power tool) (Respiratory protection with air supply) Excavation job (When required) 3

4 Issuance: Selection of PPE Should select based on chemical hazard you are facing & on which part of your body will be affected Your Eyes What can be more precious than your sight? What if you could no longer see this? 14 Flying objects Types of Eye Hazards Chemicals Particles and dust Eye and Face Protection Thousands are blinded each year from work-related eye injuries. Nearly three out of five workers are injured while failing to wear eye and face protection. Harmful light radiation ultraviolet, infrared or lasers

5 Sources of Eye Hazards Flying objects or particles in eye Grinding Sanding Sandblasting Blowdown Woodworking Nail gun use Sources of Eye Hazards Chemical Hazards The most dangerous chemicals to the eyes are corrosive liquids. Examples include acids, lye, bleach, ammonia, sodium hydroxide and formaldehyde. Other chemicals can also be extremely irritating to the eyes. Some chemicals (pesticides, for example) can be absorbed through the eyes and make you sick Welding Helmet Lenses For all types of electric arc welding, a welding helmet equipped with the correct shade filter is required. Types of Eye Protection Safety glasses Three Main Types Many welders are now using auto-darkening welding helmets. Goggles Face shields

6 Eye and Face Protection Eye protection shields eyes by: Primary protection: Safety glasses with side shields protect from flying objects. Goggles prevent objects from entering under or around the eyewear. Secondary protection: Face shields Combine with safety glasses or goggles Do not protect from impact hazards Laser Eyewear Laser protective glasses are chosen to match the type of laser used Safety Glasses Goggles Side shields or wraparound required Required if handling corrosive liquids. Must meet ANSI Z87.1 Standards for impact resistance Must be comfortable if worn for long periods 23 Also provide protection against irritating gases and vapors. Must be impact-resistant if used for flying object protection. Some are vented or coated to prevent fogging. Vents 24 6

7 Face-shields When are they needed? Face-shields are necessary when a splash to the face might occur. Worn over glasses or goggles for extra protection. Special shields are available for infrared or ultraviolet light. Care & Maintenance Inspect for damage daily. Clean as needed. Replace if broken, cracked or if material on the lens or faceshield can t be removed Other Protection For Eye Hazards Emergency Eyewashes In addition to personal eye protection, the following can be used: Guards, shields or screens on machines, An eyewash station is required for potential eye exposure to: corrosives acids, caustics Welding curtains or barriers, Other barriers during grinding, cutting, sanding, Ventilation or hoods for handling chemicals. 27 strong irritants many solvents and other chemicals toxic chemicals pesticides and other chemicals Q: Location of Our Eyewashes 28 7

8 Using an Emergency Eyewash Note where eyewash is located. If a chemical is splashed in the eye, go immediately to the eyewash. Get help if needed. Hold or have both your eyelids held open. Wash your eyes for at least 15 minutes. Seek medical attention. Hazard Assessment Hazard Type Hazard Type Common related tasks Impact Flying objects such as large chips, fragments, particles, sand, and dirt Chipping, grinding, machining, masonry work, wood working, sawing, drilling, riveting, sanding, Heat Anything emitting extreme heat Furnace operations, pouring, casting, hot dipping, welding, Chemicals Splash, fumes, vapors, and irritating mists Acid and chemical handling, degreasing, plating, and working with blood or OPIMs Dust Harmful dust Woodworking, buffing, and general dusty conditions Optical Radiation Radiant energy, glare, and intense light Welding, torch-cutting, brazing, soldering, and laser work Protect Your Hand At Work Why Focus on Hands? Work-related hand injuries are one of the leading reasons of workplace injuries. It has been estimated that almost 20% of all disabling accidents on the job involve the hands. Without your fingers or hands, your ability to work and play would be greatly reduced. 32 8

9 Hand Injury Contributory Factors Hand and powered tools Vibration Crushing/Pinch Points Dropped Objects. Struck by moving parts. Contact with Substances Slips, Trips & Falls Hand Protection Glove considerations Type glove Dexterity required Chemical & physical material strength Exposure time breakthrough time Size, comfort, reusable/disposable Manufacturer selection charts Considerations: Glove Selection Chemicals (splashes vs immersion) Thermal (extreme heat/cold) Abrasion; cuts; snags; splinters; punctures Grip: oily, wet, dry Comfort, fit, size Ergonomics Chemical Protective Gloves/Clothing Permeation ( silent killer ) Substances pass through intact material on a molecular level. Penetration Substances pass through seams, zippers, stitches, pinholes, or damaged material. Degradation Substance damages material making it less resist or resulting in physical breakdown. Contamination Substances transferred inside material (improper doffing or decontamination)

10 Gloves Types of Gloves Polyethylene/Ethylene-vinyl Alcohol { Silver Shield } Resists permeation and breakthrough with chemicals. Uses: aromatics, esters, ketones, and chlorines. Butyl Highest permeation resistance to gas or water vapors. Uses: ketones (MEK, acetone) and esters (amyl acetate, ethyl acetate). Viton Highly resistant to permeation by chlorinated and aromatic solvents Can be used with water/water based solvents 38 Nitrile (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber) Good replacement for latex Protects against acids, bases, oils, aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents and esters, grease, fats Neoprene Protects against acids, caustics, DMSO. Resists amines, alcohols, glycols. Limited use for aldehydes and ketones. Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) Protects against acids, caustics. Resists alcohols, glycols. Types of Gloves Resists cuts, snags, punctures and abrasions Not useful for aromatics, aldehydes and ketones. Hand Protection Rules Wear suitable gloves Use the right-glove for the job. Nothing will protect you from crush point

11 Wearing and Using Gloves: Must Do`s Select and use the right kind of glove for the job you are going to do. Select gloves that fit. Assess the risk any rings, watches, or bracelets that might cut/ tear your gloves or snag the wearer`s hand / fingers. Wash your hands before and after wearing your gloves. Inspect your gloves before you use them. Look for tears, holes or cracks that might leak. Wearing and Using Gloves: Must Do`s Replace gloves that are worn or torn. After working with chemicals, hold your gloved hands under running water to rinse away any chemicals or dirt before removing the gloves. Store gloves right side out in a clean, cool, dry, ventilated area. Never wear gloves around powered rotating equipment - drills, lathes, etc Glove Limitations Glove Size & Fit Gloves come in many sizes. Gloves can get caught in rotating machinery. Use properly fitting gloves that give you the needed dexterity. Some people are allergic to latex gloves. Gloves can actually cause more problems if chemicals get inside glove. Gloves can fail in conditions of extreme temperatures, high mechanical force, high vibration or handling extremely harsh chemicals. 43 Too big A better fit 44 11

12 Glove Use & Care Your hands should be clean before using gloves. Glove Use & Care Some common-sense rules about gloves Replace gloves if they have cuts, tears, holes or defects. Fabric and leather gloves should be cleaned regularly or discarded. Latex gloves should not be used by latex-sensitive people. Make sure gloves are the right length for the job Glove Use and Care Use the right glove for the job Don t use fabric or leather gloves to handle liquid chemicals. Chemical Resistant Gloves Facts Chemical-resistant gloves are not totally chemical-proof Chemicals will eventually penetrate the gloves over time. Chemicals will also break down (swell, crack or weaken) the glove material over time. No! Yes! The thicker the glove, the more resistant it is to chemicals. Thick is better than Thin

13 Chemical Resistant Gloves Chemical glove selection No single glove material will protect against all chemicals. Chemical Resistant Gloves Using chemical-resistant gloves You should know what chemical you are handling and how long the gloves will keep the chemical out. Gloves are selected according to the type of chemical. Good chemical gloves are made of Viton, butyl, nitrile, neoprene, PVC or PVA or combinations of these. 49 Throw away gloves whenever degradation is visible or you know chemicals have leaked inside. When handling highly toxic chemicals, two layers of chemical-resistant gloves can provide additional protection. 50 Removing Contaminated Gloves Remove contaminated gloves safely and properly Badly contaminated gloves are impossible to clean. Removal should be done in a way so that the bare hands do not touch the outside of the gloves

14 Demonstration : Removal of reusable chemical glove Wipe or rinse gloves before removing the gloves to prevent cross contamination. Dispose of defective gloves in a suitable container. If the gloves in a good condition, store gloves right side out in a clean, cool, dry and ventilated area. 53 Proper Steps for Removing Disposable Gloves Latex Allergies Symptoms may occur within minutes of exposure or may take several hours depending on the individual. Skin Redness Hives Itching Respiratory Symptoms Runny Nose Itchy Eyes Scratchy Throat Asthma Respiratory Protection

15 Inhalation Hazards Airborne particles Dust, fog, smoke, fume, mist, aerosol Chemical vapor or gas Biological organisms Bacteria, mold, spores, fungi, or viruses Lack of adequate oxygen Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) atmosphere Oxygen deficiency is an example of IDLH IDLH conditions occur in confined spaces, large chemical spills, or chemical fires Protect with a full face piece supplied-air respirator (SAR) with self-contained air, or self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) Standby person must be trained to conduct emergency rescue Air purifying (APR) Half Face Full Face PAPR Air supply Air line SCBA Types of Respirators Filter A component used in respirators to remove solid or liquid aerosols from the inspired air. Also called air purifying element

16 Canister or Cartridge How Respirators Work A container with a filter, sorbent, or catalyst, or combination of these items, which removes specific contaminants from the air passed through the container. Prevent inhalation of airborne contaminants Generate negative pressure in facepiece Generate positive pressure in facepiece Air is passed through a filter, sorbent, or catalyst that traps contaminants When Are Respirators Needed? Tight -Fitting Coverings When other controls are inadequate or not feasible During installation of engineering controls During maintenance operations While performing non routine tasks For emergency response 63 Quarter Mask Full Facepiece Half Mask Mouthpiece/Nose Clamp (no fit test required) 64 16

17 Loose-Fitting Coverings Types of Facepieces Hood Helmet Tight-fitting Straps or clamps Half face, full face, or mouthpiece Dust mask (durable or single-use) Loose-fitting Hood or helmet Loose-Fitting Facepiece Full Body Suit Air-Purifying Respirator (APR) APRs are negative pressure Simply filter the air, not supply oxygen Particulate Gas and vapor Combination Limited to non-idlh atmospheres Protects the face and eyes Difficult to see when the facepiece fogs up Difficult to speak Requires lens correction Full-Face APR

18 Dust Mask (Filtering Facepiece) Negative pressure Filter removes particulates (dust) The filter is an integral part of the mask The entire mask is composed of the filter material Hazard protection is very limited Respirator Selection The physical state of the contaminants Contaminant concentration Oxygen deficiency Warning properties of the contaminant(s) Potential for an IDLH atmosphere Length of time of respirator use Respirator Selection (cont.) The workload of the wearer The working environment (e.g., temperature) The proper filter media for the given contaminant Potential hazard of skin contact with contaminants Potential hazard of eye contact with contaminants Respirator Filter Color Codes Acid gas (e.g., sulfuric acid) white Acid gas and organic vapor yellow Acid, ammonia, and organic vapors brown Acid gas, ammonia, carbon monoxide, and organic vapors red Ammonia green

19 Fit Test Required for any tight-fitting facepiece before use Ensures no contaminants leak into the facepiece Retesting required annually, and after weight loss or dental work No beards allowed Qualitative Fit Test Negative pressure test for APRs Exposure less than 10 times the exposure limit PAPRs and atmosphere-supplying in negative pressure mode Subjective smell or taste Irritant smoke and ambient aerosol Quantitative Fit Test Numeric measurement fit factor of leakage into the respirator Controlled negative pressure Portacount For negative-pressure APRs, exposure levels greater than 10 times the occupational exposure limit Fit Testing Qualitative Pass/Fail Fit Test Assess the adequacy of respirator fit Relies on the individual s response to a test agent Irritant smoke (stannic chloride) Isoamyl acetate (banana oil) Saccharin Bitrex (bitter taste) Quantitative Portacount

20 No facial hair or glasses are allowed that prevent a tight seal The facepiece seal is paramount Perform a seal check each time you put on the respirator Conduct a positive and negative pressure check Check the Seal Inspect Respirator Carefully Inspect the respirator before each use and during cleaning, following manufacturer s instructions Emergency respirators Check at least monthly when not in use Check before and after each use Check elastic parts for pliability and deterioration Report any problems or defects APRs Maintain and Clean Components Toss out dust masks Remove filters Wash and rinse Carefully replace valves Dry with cloth or air dry Reassemble, then test Store Properly Protect equipment from damage, sunlight, or contamination Store dry respirator and cartridges in a clean container or bag Do not allow the facepiece to be distorted

21 Medical Evaluation An initial medical evaluation a questionnaire is required before fit testing and respirator use Wearing a respirator can put an extra burden on the body. People with underlying medical conditions may put themselves at risk if they work while wearing one. Medical evaluation of respirator wearers for compliance with OSHA s Respiratory Protection Standard 29CFR Employees must be allowed to discuss the questionnaire with the physician Follow-up evaluations must be conducted if conditions of use or user health change 81 Employer s General Requirements Use NIOSH-approved respirators only Evaluate the workplace hazards Select respirators from multiple models and sizes Where exposure to hazards can t be estimated, consider it as IDLH 82 Written Respiratory Protection Plan Written operating procedures Respirator selection, use, training, and fitting Respirator maintenance, storage, and inspection Work area surveillance Medical examinations Program evaluation Must be site specific Must have a program administrator Respiratory Protection Program Written program Administered by Safety Office Medical clearance Respiratory Protection Questionnaire No beards Fit testing Respirator selection Air monitoring Training (annual refresher)

22 What s Wrong Here? Worker applying trichloroethane in a confined space Half-face respirator Becomes unconscious List the hazards What Can Be Done? What are the proper safety procedures to prevent exposure? Hold respirator in hand with molded nose contour (narrow end) at finger tips, allowing head straps to fall below hand. Demonstration : How to use a Dust Mask Seal should be fit checked. Cover front of respirator by cupping both hands. INHALE SHARPLY. A negative pressure should be felt inside respirator. If any leakage is detected at respirator edges, adjust straps by pulling back along the sides and/or reposition respirator. Repeat until sealed properly Place respirator under chin with molded nose contour (narrow end) up. Flange must not be creased inside respirator. Raise top strap to top back of head. Pull shorter bottom strap over head, below ears, to around neck. Do not wear with only one strap. Adjust respirator for comfortable fit. 87 Foot Protection Should meet or exceed ANSI Standard. Types: Impact,penetration, compression, steel toe, etc. Non-skid, with slip resistant soles. Chemical resistant (rubber, vinyl, plastic, with synthetic stitching to resist chemical penetration). Anti-static Temperature resistant (high or low extremes). Electrical protection (non-conducting). Water resistant Combination shoes 88 22

23 Foot Protection Steel toe-safety shoes are not necessary for laboratory work unless there is a serious risk from transporting or handling heavy objects. However, open toe shoes should NOT be worn in labs