SNOWBOARDING International Federation: Countries Affiliated: Year of Formation: First Year of Olympic Appearance: Olympic History:

Transcription

1 SNOWBOARDING International Federation: Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS) Countries Affiliated: 120 (November 2013) Year of Formation: 1924 First Year of Olympic Appearance: 1998 Olympic History: Snowboarding is a sport combining elements of surfing, skateboarding, and skiing. The snowboarders slide down a snow-covered surface on a single board strapped to their feet. It developed in the 1960s with the first mass-produced snowboard being sold in 1966, termed the Snurfer. In the late 1970s, snowboarding became more popular and snowboarders began to invade traditional snow resorts, often met by opposition from skiiers who tried to exclude the snowboarders from their mountains. By the 1990s, almost all ski resorts allowed snowboarding, and the resorts have found the snowboarders to be an excellent source of new revenue. Competition in snowboarding developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s. World Championships in the sport were first held in 1993 for both men and women. Snowboarding was admitted to the Olympic program for the 1998 Olympic Winter Games in Nagano. Through 2010, the three snowboarding events have been halfpipe, parallel giant slalom, and boarder-cross. Parallel giant slalom is similar to professional skiing, in which two skiiers race down parallel race courses of identical design. The first snowboarder with the best time over two runs advances to the next round. Halfpipe is an acrobatic, balletic event, conducted in a tube, or halfpipe, bounded by two steep parallels walls of ice. Boardercross is a very exciting, almost combative, event that is contested in rounds and heats, with each heat consisting of several snowboarders (4-8). The snowboarders race pack-style down the same course, with the first finishers advancing to the next round. The event is fast, with lots of action, skills, and contact, and was added to the Olympic Program in 2006 at Torino. Two new events for both men and women have been added to the Olympic Program for These are slopestyle, which has some elements similar to halfpipe, but done on a downhill course, with jumps and obstacles added; and parallel slalom, similar to parallel giant slalom, but on a shorter course with tighter turns. Snowboarding is governed by the Fédération Internationale de Ski (FIS), according to the International Olympic Committee, although this is controversial. When snowboarding sought recognition as an Olympic sport, it tried to do so under the aegis of its own federation, the International Snowboarding Federation (ISF). But the IOC does not recognize that federation. The IOC agreed to allow snowboarding on the Olympic program but only if governed by the FIS as a discipline of skiing. The decision was not well accepted by the snowboarding community, and in the early years of Olympic competition, several top snowboarders skipped the Olympics in protest. As of November 2013, there are 120 member nations affiliated to the FIS. This makes it the largest International Sporting Federation for any winter sport. The FIS governs what it terms six disciplines of skiing alpine skiing, cross-country skiing, ski jumping, Nordic combined, freestyle skiing, and snowboarding. Cross-country, ski jumping, and Nordic combined are often termed one sport of nordic skiing, as in this book. The 120 member nations of FIS are as follows: Albania, Algeria, American Samoa, Andorra, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgium, Bermuda, Bolivia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Brazil, British Virgin Islands, Bulgaria, Cameroon, Canada, Cayman Islands, Chile, China, Chinese Taipei, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica, DPR Korea (North), Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Estonia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Great Britain, Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Korea, Kosovo, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lebanon, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Madagascar, Malta, Marocco, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Mongolia, Montenegro, Nepal, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Pakistan, Palestine, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Senegal, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-

2 Leste, Togo, Trinidad & Tobago, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uruguay, US Virgin Islands, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Zimbabwe. Snowboarding Olympic Program Event Class Games Début Boardercross M x x x Giant Slalom M x Halfpipe M x x x x x Parallel Giant Slalom M x x x x Slopestyle M x Parallel Special Slalom M x Boardercross F x x x Giant Slalom F x Halfpipe F x x x x x Parallel Giant Slalom F x x x x Slopestyle F x Parallel Special Slalom F x Totals M Totals F Totals All Snowboarding Competitors by Nation NOC Overall 1G 2G 3G 4G Men 1G 2G 3G Wom 1G 2G 3G 4G Andorra Argentina Australia Austria Brazil Bulgaria Canada China Czech Republic Denmark Finland France Germany Great Britain Greece Italy Japan Korea (South) Netherlands, The New Zealand Norway Poland Russia Russia / Switzerland Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Ukraine United States Totals Overall: 31 Geopolitical entities (GPEs), 30 NOCs; Men: 30 GPEs, 29 NOCs; Women: 27 GPEs, 27 NOCs. Most Medals, Men 2 Danny Kass (USA) 2 Ross Powers (USA) 2 Philipp Schoch (SUI) 2 Seth Wescott (USA) 2 Shaun White (USA) Most Gold Medals, Men 2 Philipp Schoch (SUI) 2 Seth Wescott (USA) 2 Shaun White (USA) Most Medals, Women 2 Karine Ruby (FRA) 2 Hannah Teter (USA)

3 2 Kelly Clark (USA) Most Gold Medals, Women 1 10 athletes tied with one. Most Appearances, Men 4 Mathieu Bozzetto (FRA, ) 4 Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN, ) 4 Sigi Grabner (AUT, ) 3 13 athletes tied with three. Most Appearances, Women 3 Doriane Vidal (FRA, ) 3 Karine Ruby (FRA, ) 3 Marion Posch (ITA, ) 3 Isabelle Blanc (FRA, ) 3 Rosey Fletcher (USA, ) 3 Jagna Marczułajtis (POL, ) 3 Maëlle Ricker (CAN, ) 3 Kelly Clark (USA, ) 3 Kjersti Buaas (NOR, ) 3 Lesley McKenna (GBR, ) 3 Tomoka Takeuchi (JPN, ) 3 Nicolien Sauerbreij (NED, ) 3 Doris Günther (AUT, ) Longest Span of Appearances, Men 12 Mathieu Bozzetto (FRA-SNB; ) 12 Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN-SNB; ) 12 Sigi Grabner (AUT-SNB; ) 12 Chris Klug (USA-SNB; ) 8 12 athletes tied with eight. Longest Span of Appearances, Women 12 Maëlle Ricker (CAN-SNB; ) 8 Doriane Vidal (FRA-SNB; ) 8 Karine Ruby (FRA-SNB; ) 8 Marion Posch (ITA-SNB; ) 8 Isabelle Blanc (FRA-SNB; ) 8 Rosey Fletcher (USA-SNB; ) 8 Jagna Marczułajtis (POL-SNB; ) 8 Kelly Clark (USA-SNB; ) 8 Kjersti Buaas (NOR-SNB; ) 8 Lesley McKenna (GBR-SNB; ) 8 Tomoka Takeuchi (JPN-SNB; ) 8 Nicolien Sauerbreij (NED-SNB; ) 8 Doris Günther (AUT-SNB; ), Women Sun Zhifeng (CHN-2006, *17 July 1991) Mariya Prusakova (RUS-2006, *25 December 1989) Cai Xuetong (CHN-2010, *26 September 1993) Elena Hight (USA-2006, *17 August 1989) Kendall Brown (NZL-2006, *15 August 1989) Queralt Castellet (ESP-2006, *17 June 1989) Pan Lei (CHN-2006, *26 October 1988)

4 Liu Jiayu (CHN-2010, *17 September 1992) Palmer Taylor (CAN-2010, *13 September 1992) Christel Thoresen (NOR-1998, *15 August 1980), Women Amelie Kober (GER-2006, *16 November 1987) Kelly Clark (USA-2002, *26 July 1983) Hannah Teter (USA-2006, *27 January 1987) Heidi Renoth (GER-1998, *28 February 1978) Karine Ruby (FRA-1998, *4 January 1978) Lindsey Jacobellis (USA-2006, *19 August 1985) Nicola Thost (GER-1998, *3 May 1977) Fabienne Reuteler (SUI-2002, *2 September 1979) Yekaterina Ilyukhina (RUS-2010, *19 June 1987) Stine Brun Kjeldaas (NOR-1998, *23 April 1975) Youngest Gold Medalist, Women Kelly Clark (USA-2002, *26 July 1983) Hannah Teter (USA-2006, *27 January 1987) Karine Ruby (FRA-1998, *4 January 1978) Nicola Thost (GER-1998, *3 May 1977) Torah Bright (AUS-2010, *27 December 1986), Women Sondra Van Ert (USA-2002, *9 March 1964) Nathalie Desmares (FRA-2010, *18 May 1972) Alexa Loo (CAN-2010, *6 October 1972) Claudia Riegler (AUT-2010, *7 July 1973) Renata Keller (SUI-1998, *25 October 1961) Ursula Bruhin (SUI-2006, *19 March 1970) Soko Yamaoka (JPN-2010, *29 May 1974) Lesley McKenna (GBR-2010, *9 August 1974) Sabine Wehr-Hasler (GER-2002, *7 August 1967) Juliane Bray (NZL-2010, *9 October 1975), Women Déborah Anthonioz (FRA-2010, *29 August 1978) Maëlle Ricker (CAN-2010, *2 December 1978) Nicolien Sauerbreij (NED-2010, *31 July 1979) Rosey Fletcher (USA-2006, *30 November 1975) Tanja Frieden (SUI-2006, *6 February 1976) Lidia Trettel (ITA-2002, *5 April 1973) Marion Kreiner (AUT-2010, *4 May 1981) Brigitte Köck (AUT-1998, *18 May 1970) Olivia Nobs (SUI-2010, *18 November 1982) Kelly Clark (USA-2010, *26 July 1983), Women Maëlle Ricker (CAN-2010, *2 December 1978) Nicolien Sauerbreij (NED-2010, *31 July 1979) Tanja Frieden (SUI-2006, *6 February 1976) Isabelle Blanc (FRA-2002, *25 July 1975) Daniela Meuli (SUI-2006, *6 November 1981), Men Scott James (AUS-2010, *6 July 1994)

5 Manuel Pietropoli (ITA-2006, *30 April 1990) Ståle Sandbech (NOR-2010, *3 June 1993) Iouri Aleksandrovich Podladtchikov (RUS-2006, *13 September 1988) Kazuhiro Kokubo (JPN-2006, *16 August 1988) Frederik Austbø (NOR-2006, *20 April 1988) Takaharu Nakai (JPN-2002, *10 March 1984) Mason Aguirre (USA-2006, *10 November 1987) Joachim Havikhagen (NOR-2010, *5 September 1991) Trevor Andrew (CAN-1998, *31 August 1979), Men Ross Powers (USA-1998, *10 February 1979) Danny Kass (USA-2002, *21 September 1982) Shaun White (USA-2006, *3 September 1986) JJ Thomas (USA-2002, *6 April 1981) Gian Simmen (SUI-1998, *19 February 1977) Tony Ramoin (FRA-2010, *23 December 1988) Paul-Henri De Le Rue (FRA-2006, *17 April 1984) Peetu Piiroinen (FIN-2010, *15 February 1988) Scotty Lago (USA-2010, *12 November 1987) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2002, *12 October 1979) Youngest Gold Medalist, Men Shaun White (USA-2006, *3 September 1986) Gian Simmen (SUI-1998, *19 February 1977) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2002, *12 October 1979) Ross Powers (USA-2002, *10 February 1979) Shaun White (USA-2010, *3 September 1986), Men Chris Klug (USA-2010, *18 November 1972) Mathieu Bozzetto (FRA-2010, *16 November 1973) Simone Malusà (ITA-2010, *26 January 1974) Drew Neilson (CAN-2010, *15 June 1974) Markus Ebner (GER-2006, *9 November 1970) Sigi Grabner (AUT-2010, *4 February 1975) Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN-2010, *13 April 1975) Thedo Remmelink (NED-1998, *22 April 1963) Jordi Font (ESP-2010, *1 May 1975) Petr Šindelář (CZE-2010, *16 November 1975), Men Mathieu Bozzetto (FRA-2010, *16 November 1973) Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN-2010, *13 April 1975) Seth Wescott (USA-2010, *28 June 1976) Sigi Grabner (AUT-2006, *4 February 1975) Seth Wescott (USA-2006, *28 June 1976) Chris Klug (USA-2002, *18 November 1972) Richard Richardsson (SWE-2002, *1 February 1974) Simon Schoch (SUI-2006, *7 October 1978) Ross Rebagliati (CAN-1998, *14 July 1971) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2006, *12 October 1979), Men Jasey-Jay Anderson (CAN-2010, *13 April 1975) Seth Wescott (USA-2010, *28 June 1976)

6 Seth Wescott (USA-2006, *28 June 1976) Ross Rebagliati (CAN-1998, *14 July 1971) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2006, *12 October 1979) 1 1 United States Switzerland France Canada Austria Germany Norway =8 =10 Finland =8 =10 Italy =10 =6 Australia =10 =6 Netherlands, The =12 =12 Russia =12 =12 Slovakia =12 =12 Sweden Totals (20 events) , Men 1 1 United States Switzerland Canada France =5 =4 Austria =5 =4 Finland =7 =6 Italy =7 =6 Norway =7 =6 Slovakia =7 =6 Sweden Totals (10 events) , Women 1 1 United States France Switzerland Germany Canada Norway Austria =8 =6 Australia =8 =6 Netherlands, The Russia Italy Totals (10 events) Best Performance by Country at Each Olympics Men Women Overall Switzerland Germany Germany United States France United States

7 United States United States United States United States AUS / CAN / NED United States SNOWBOARDING EVENTS Men Parallel Giant Slalom 1 1 Switzerland Austria Canada Sweden =5 =5 France =5 =5 United States Totals (3 events) Most Victories 2 Philipp Schoch (SUI) Most Medals 2 Philipp Schoch (SUI/200) Ivan Ranchev (BUL-2010, *21 March 1990) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2002, *12 October 1979) Youngest Gold Medalist Philipp Schoch (SUI-2002, *12 October 1979) Chris Klug (USA-2010, *18 November 1972) Sigi Grabner (AUT-2006, *4 February 1975) Philipp Schoch (SUI-2006, *12 October 1979) Halfpipe 1 1 United States Finland Switzerland Norway Totals (4 events) Most Victories 2 Shaun White (USA)

8 Most Medals 2 Shaun White (USA/200) 2 Ross Powers (USA/101) 2 Danny Kass (USA/020) Scott James (AUS-2010, *6 July 1994) Ross Powers (USA-1998, *10 February 1979) Youngest Gold Medalist Shaun White (USA-2006, *3 September 1986) Justin Lamoureux (CAN-2010, *26 August 1976) Markku Koski (FIN-2006, *15 October 1981) Shaun White (USA-2010, *3 September 1986) Boarder-Cross 1 1 United States France =3 =2 Canada =3 =2 Slovakia Totals (2 events) Most Victories 2 Seth Wescott (USA) Most Medals 2 Seth Wescott (USA/200) Joachim Havikhagen (NOR-2010, *5 September 1991) Tony Ramoin (FRA-2010, *23 December 1988) Youngest Gold Medalist Seth Wescott (USA-2006, *28 June 1976) Simone Malusà (ITA-2010, *26 January 1974) Seth Wescott (USA-2010, *28 June 1976)

9 Seth Wescott (USA-2010, *28 June 1976) Women Parallel Giant Slalom 1 1 France =2 =2 Netherlands, The =2 =2 Switzerland =4 =4 Germany =4 =4 Russia =6 =6 Austria =6 =6 Italy =6 =6 United States Totals (3 events) Most Victories 1 Isabelle Blanc (FRA) 1 Daniela Meuli (SUI) 1 Nicolien Sauerbreij (NED) Most Medals 1 Nine athletes tied with one Tomoka Takeuchi (JPN-2002, *21 December 1983) Amelie Kober (GER-2006, *16 November 1987) Youngest Gold Medalist Daniela Meuli (SUI-2006, *6 November 1981) Sondra Van Ert (USA-2002, *9 March 1964) Rosey Fletcher (USA-2006, *30 November 1975) Isabelle Blanc (FRA-2002, *25 July 1975) Halfpipe 1 1 United States Norway =3 =2 Australia =3 =2 Germany France Switzerland Totals (4 events)

10 Most Victories 1 Nicola Thost (GER) 1 Kelly Clark (USA) 1 Hannah Teter (USA) 1 Torah Bright (AUS) Most Medals 2 Kelly Clark (USA/101) 2 Hannah Teter (USA/110) Sun Zhifeng (CHN-2006, *17 July 1991) Kelly Clark (USA-2002, *26 July 1983) Youngest Gold Medalist Kelly Clark (USA-2002, *26 July 1983) Soko Yamaoka (JPN-2010, *29 May 1974) Kelly Clark (USA-2010, *26 July 1983) Torah Bright (AUS-2010, *27 December 1986) Boarder-Cross =1 =1 Canada =1 =1 Switzerland =3 =3 France =3 =3 United States Totals (2 events) Most Victories 1 Maëlle Ricker (CAN) 1 Tanja Frieden (SUI) Most Medals 1 Maëlle Ricker (CAN) 1 Tanja Frieden (SUI) 1 Lindsey Jacobellis (USA) 1 Dominique Maltais (CAN) 1 Déborah Anthonioz (FRA) 1 Olivia Nobs (SUI) Faye Gulini (USA-2010, *24 March 1992) Lindsey Jacobellis (USA-2006, *19 August 1985)

11 Youngest Gold Medalist Tanja Frieden (SUI-2006, *6 February 1976) Isabel Clark (BRA-2010, *24 October 1976) Déborah Anthonioz (FRA-2010, *29 August 1978) Maëlle Ricker (CAN-2010, *2 December 1978)