7. Literaturverzeichnis

Transcription

1 7. Literaturverzeichnis Adema, C.M., Loker, E.S., (1997): Specifity and immunobiology of larval digenean-snail associations. In: Advances in Trematode Biology, Fried, B., Graczyk, T.K. eds.: CRC Press, Boca Raton Ahmed, A.A., Babiker, A., Eltash, L.A., Shiff, C., (2002): Development of a modified baited trap for detection of schistosome cercariae using natural oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids in Sudan. Acta Trop. 82(3): Allgöwer, R., Matuschka, F.R., (1993): Zur Epidemiologie der Zerkariendermatitis. Bundesgesundheitsbl. 10: Aoki, Y., Sato, K., Muhoho, N.D., Noda, S., Rimura, E., (2003): Cercariometry for detection of transmission sites for schistosomiasis. Parasitol. Int. 52(4): Amen, R.I., Meuleman, E.A., (1992): Isolation of mother and daughter sporocysts of Trichobilharzia ocellata from Lymnaea stagnalis. Parasitol. Res. 78: Avery, R.A., (1966): Helminth parasites of wildfowl from Slimbridge, Gloucestershire. II. Parasites of wild mallard. J. Helminth. 40(3/4): Baird, J.K., Wear, D.J., (1987): Cercarial dermatitis: the swimmer s itch. Clin. Dermatol. 5: Baker, F.C., (1911): The Lymnaeidae of North and Middle America. Chicago Acd. Sci., Special Publication 3: 539 pp. Bargues, M.D., Mas-Coma, S., (1997): Phylogenetic analysis of lymnaeid snails based on 18s rdna sequences. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14(5): Bargues, M.D., Vigo, M., Horak, P., Dvorak, J., Patzner, R.A., Pointier, J.P., Jackiewicz, M., Meier-Brook, C., Mas-Coma, S., (2001): European Lymnaeidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda), intermediate hosts of trematodiasis, based on nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS-2 sequences. Inf. Gen. Evo. 16: 1-23 Basch, P.F., Lie, K.J., Heyneman, D., (1969): Antagonistic interaction between strigeid and schistosome sporocysts within a snail host. J. Parasitol. 55: Baudoin, M., (1975): Host castration as a parasitic strategy. Evolution 29(2):

2 Bayer, F. A. H., (1954): Larval trematodes found in some fresh-water snails: A suggested biological method of bilharzia control. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 48(5): Bayssade-Dufour, C., Vuong, P.N., Farhati, K. Picot, H., Albaret, J.L., (1994): Speed of skin penetration and initial migration route of infective larvae of Schistosoma haematobium in Meriones unguiculatus. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 317: Bechtold, S., Wintergerst, U., Butenandt, O., (1997): Badedermatitis durch Cercarien. Monatssch. Kinderheilkd. 145: Beer, S.A., German, S.M., (1994): The ecological prerequisites for the spred of schistosomal dermatitis (cercariasis) in Moscow and the Moscow area. Med. Parazitol. (Mosk.) 1: Beer, S.A., Solonets, T.M., Dorozhenkova, T.E., Zhukova, T.V., (1995): Human cercariasis caused by schistosomatid larvae from aquatic birds in the Narochanka River recreational area Byelarus. Med. Parazitol. (Mosk.) 3: 8-11 Berrie, A.D., (1965): On the life cycle of Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) in the West of Scotland. Proc. Malac. Soc. Lond. 36: Bezubik, B., (1956): The helminth fauna of wild ducks (subfam. Anatinae). Acta Parasitol. Pol. 4: Beverley-Burton, M., (1961): Studies on the Trematoda of british freshwater birds. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 136(4): Beverley-Burton, M., (1972): Helminths from wild anatids in Great Britain. J. Helminth. 66(4): Birova, V., Macko, J. K., Spakulova, M., (1989): Seasonal dynamics of the invasion cycle of platyhelminths in the wild and domestic duck. I. Trematoda Helminthologia 26: Blair, D., Islam, K.S., (1983): The life-cycle and morphology of Trichobilharzia australis n. sp. (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) from nasal blood vessels of the black duck (Anas superciliosa) in Australia, with a review of the genus Tricholbilharzia. Sys. Parasitol. 5: Blankespoor, H. D., Reimink, R. L., (1991): The control of Swimmer's Itch in Michigan: Past, present and future. Michigan Academician 24:

3 Boag, D.A., Pearlstone, P.S.M., (1979): On the life cycle of Lymnaea stagnalis (Pulmonata: Gastropoda) in southwestern Alberta. Can. J. Zool. 57: Bock, D.,(1980): Cercarien und ihre Parthenitae aus Süsswasserschnecken des Naturreservates "Obedska Bara" bei Belgrad (Jugoslawien). Dissertation, Universität Hamburg Bock, D., Janssen, O., (1987): The life cycle of Plagiorchis maculosus (Rudolphi, 1802) Braun, 1902 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae), a parasite of swallows (Hirudinidae) Sys. Parasitol. 9: Bouree, P., Caumes, E., (2004) La dermatite cercarienne. Presse Med. 33: Bourns, T.K.R., (1963): Larval trematodes parasitizing Lymnaea stagnalis apressa Say in Ontario with emphasis on multiple infections. Can. J. Zool. 41: Bourns, T.K.R., (1974): Carbohydrate and protein in Lymnaea stagnalis eggs and Trichobilharzia ocellata cercariae. J. Parasitol. 60: Bourns, T.K.R., Ellis, J.C., Rau, M. E., (1973): Migration and development of Trichobilharzia ocellata (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) in its duck hosts. Can. J. Zool. 51: Brown, K.M., Leathers, B.K., Minchella, D.J., (1988): Trematode prevalence and the population dynamics of freshwater pond snails. Am. Midl. Natural. 120(2): Brumpt, M.E., (1931): Cercaria ocellata, déterminant la dermatite des nageurs, provient dúne bilharzie des canards. C. R. Hebd. Seances Acad. Sci. 193: Busa, V., (1962): Survey of the helminth fauna of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos domestica L.) in Slovakia (CSSR). Veterinársky casopis pobocky Ceskoslovenskej Akadémie Pol'nohospodárskych 9: Calow, P., (1978): The evolution of life cycle strategies in freshwater gastropods. Malacol. 17: Campos, A., Cummings, M.P., Reyes, J.L., Laclette, J.P., (1998): Phylogenetic relationships of Platyhelminthes based on 18S ribosomal gene sequences. Mol. Phyl. Evol. 10(1):

4 Chamot, E., Toscani, L., Rougemont, A., (1998): Public health importance and risk factors for cercarial dermatitis associated with swimming in Lake Leman at Geneva, Switzerland. Epidemiol. Infect. 120: Chikami, A., (1961): Studies on Trichobilharzia ocellata (La Valette, 1855) in Japan. Jap. J. Parasitol. 10: Chu, G.W., (1958): Pacific area distribution of fresh-water and marine cercarial dermatitis. Pacific Sci. 12: Connors, V.A., Lodes, M.J., Yoshino, T.P., (1991): Identification of a Schistosoma mansoni sporocyst excretory-secretory antioxidant molecule and its effect on superoxide production by Biomphalaria glabrata hemocytes. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 58: Cort, W.W., (1928): Schistosome dermatitis in the United States (Michigan). J. Am. Med. Ass. 90: Coustau, C., Yoshino, T.P., (1994): Surface membrane polypeptides associated with hemocytes from Schistosoma mansonisusceptible and -resistant strains of Biomphalaria glabrata (Gastropoda). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 63: Cridland, C.C., (1970): Susceptibility of the snail Biomphalaria alexandrina alexandrina from the UAR and the Sudan to infection with a strain of Schistosoma mansoni from Tanzania. Bull. WHO 43: Crabb, E.D., (1929): Growth of a pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis apressa, as indicated by increase in shell-size. Biol. Bull. 56: Crews, A.E., Yoshino, T.P., (1989): Schistosoma mansoni: effect of infection on reproduction and gonadal growth in Biomphalaria glabrata. Exp. Parasitol. 68: Curits, L.A., Hubbard, K.M., (1990): Trematode infections in a gastropod host misrepresented by observing shed cercariae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 143: Da Silva, H.S., Rotenberg, L., Bogea, T., Favre, T.C., Pieri, O., (1995): Longitudinal study of circadian rhythms in the cercarial emergence of Schistosoma mansoni from Biomphalaria glabrata. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 90(4): DeGaffe, G., Loker, E.S., (1998): Susceptibility of Biomphalaria glabrata to infection with Echinostoma paraensei: Correlation with the effect of parasite secretory-excretory products on host hemocyte spreading. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 71:

5 De Gentile, L., Picot, H., Bourdeau, P., Bardet, R.,Kerjan, A., Piriou, M., Le Guennic, A., Bayssade-Dufour, C., Chabasse, D., Mott, K.E., (1996) : La dermatite cercarienne en Europe: un problème de santé publique nouveau? Bull. Org. Mond. Santé 74(2): De Jong-Brink, M., (1995): How schistosomes profit from the stress responses they elicit in their hosts. Adv. Parasitol. 35: De Jong-Brink, M., Hordjik, P.L., Vergeest, D.P.E.J., Schallig, H.D.F.H., Kits, K.S., Termaat, A. (1992): The antigonadotropic neuropeptide schistosomin interferes with peripheral and central neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the regulation of reproduction and growth in the schistome.infected snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Brain Res. 92: Dikkeboom, R., van der Knaap, W.P.W., Meuleman, E.A., Sminia, T., (1985): A comparative study on the internal defence system of juvenile and adult Lymnaea stagnalis. Immunol. 55: Dinkel, A., (1998): Spezifischer Nachweis von Echinococcus multilocularis DNA aus End und Zwischenwirten. Dissertation, Universität Hohenheim Doenhoff, M.J., Wheeler, J.G., Tricker, K., Hamilton, J.V., Sturrock, R.F., Butterworth, A.E., Ouma, J.H., Mbugua, G.G., Kariuki, C., Koech, D., (2003): The detection of antibodies against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigens (SEA) and CEF6 in ELISA, before and after chemotherapy. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 97(7): Dönges, J.,(1965): Schistosomatiden-Cercarien Süddeutschlands. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis dermatitiserregender Trematodenlarven. Tropenmed. Parasitol. 16: Dönges, J., (1972): Double infection experiments with echinostomatids (Trematoda) in Lymnaea stagnalis by implantation of rediae and exposure to miracidida. Int. J. Parasitol. 2: Dönges, J., (1988): Parasitologie, 2. Aufl. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgartt Dobrovolsky, A.A., (1965): Einige neue Angaben über den Lebenszyklus von Opisthioglyphe ranae Frölich, 1791 (Plagiorchidae). Helminthologia 6: Dubois, G., (1929): Les cercaires de la region de Neuchatel Bull. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 53: Dubois, G., (1970): Synopsis des Strigeidae et des Diplostomidae (Trematoda). Mem. Soc. Neuchatel. Sci. Nat. 10(2):

6 Eom, K.S., Rim, H.J., Jang, D.H., (1984): A study on the parasitic helminths of domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica Linnaeus) in Korea. Kisaengchunghak Chapchi 22(2): Esch, G.W., Curtis, L.A., Barger, M.A., (2001): A perspective on the ecology of trematode communities in snails. Parasitol. 123 Suppl.: S57-S75 Fain, A., (1955): Recherches sur les schistosomes d oiseaux au Ruanda-Urundi (Congo belge). Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 51 : Fain, A., (1956): Les schistosomes d oiseaux du genre Trichobilharzia Skrjabin et Zakharov, 1920 au Ruanda- Urundi. Rev. Zool. Bot. Africaines 54 : Farley, J., (1971): A review of the family Schistosomatidae: excluding the Genus Schistosoma from mammals J. Helminth. 45(4): Faust, E.C., (1932): The excretory system as a method of classification of digenetic Trematodes Quart. Rev. Biol. 7: Feiler, W., Haas, W., (1988): Host-finding in Trichobilharzia ocellata cercariae: swimming and attachment to the host. Parasitol. 96: Fernandez, J., Esch, G.W., (1991): The component community structure of larval trematodes in the pulmonate snail Helisoma anceps. J. Parasitol. 77(4): Files, V., Cram, E.B., (1949): A study of comparative susceptibility of snail vectors to strains of Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasitol. 35: Florin, L., Fried, B., Reddy, A., (2000): Growth and fecundity of Lymnaea elodes (Gastropoda: Lymnaeidae) under laboratory conditions. Velig. 43(1): Gerard, C., Theron, A., (1995): Spatial interaction between parasite and host within the Biomphalaria glabrata / Schistosoma mansoni system: influence of host size at infection time. Parasite 2: Glöer, P., (2002): Die Tierwelt Deutschlands, 73. Teil: Die Süßwassergastropoden Nord- und Mitteleuropas. Conch Books Glöer, P., Meier-Brook, C., (1998): Süsswassermollusken. 12. Aufl. DJN, Hamburg 120

7 Goater, T.M., Shostak, A.W., Williams, J.A., Esch, G.W., (1989): A mark-recapture study of trematode parasitism in overwintered Helisoma anceps (Pulmonata), with special reference to Halipegus occidualis (Hemiuridae). J. Parasitol. 75(4): Golo, D., Accordini, A., Consolaro, S., Mosconi, M.C., Ferrari, A., (1998): La dermatite del bagnante del Lago di Garda. L igiene Moderna 110: Grabda, B., (1959): The life-cycle of Astiotrema trituri B. Grabda, 1959 (Trematoda - Plagiorchiidae) Acta Parasitol. Pol. 7: Grabda-Kazubska, B., (1969): Studies on the abbreviation of the life cycle in Opisthioglyphe ranae (Frölich, 1791) and O. rastellus (Olsson, 1876)(Trematoda: Plagiorchiidae) Acta Parasitol. Pol. 16: Graczyk, T.K., Shiff, C.J., (2000): Recovery of avian schistosome cercarie from water using penetration stimulant matrix with an unsaturated fatty acid. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 63: Graham, A.L., (2003): Effects of snail size and age on the prevalence and intensity of avian schistosome infection: relating laboratory to field studies. J. Parasitol. 89(3): Grevelding, C.G., Kampkotter, A., Kunz, W., (1997): Schistosoma mansoni: sexing cercariae by PCR without DNA extraction. Exp. Parasitol. 85: Haas, W., (2003): Parasitic Worms: stragtegies of host finding, recognition and invasion. Zoology 106: Haas, W., van de Roemer, A., (1998): Invasion of the vertebrate skin by cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata: penetration processes and stimulating host signals. Parasitol. Res. 84: Haas, W., Grabe, K., Geis, C., Päch, T., Stoll, K., Fuchs, M., Haberl, B., Loy, C., (2002): Recognition and invasion of human skin by Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: the key-role of L-arginine. Parasitol. 124: Hamburger, J., Turetski, T., Kapeller, I., Deresiewicz, R., (1991): Highly repeated short DNA sequences in the genome of Schistosoma mansoni recognized by a species-specific probe. Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 44(1): Hamburger, J., Xu, Y.X., Ramzy, R.M., Jourdane, J., Ruppel, A., (1998a) : Development and laboratory evaluation of a polymerase chain reaction for monitoring Schistosoma mansoni infestation of water. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 59(3):

8 Hamburger, J., He-Na, Xin, X.Y., Ramzy, R.M., Jourdane, J., Ruppel, A., (1998b): A polymerase chain reaction assay for detecting snails infected with bilharzia parasites (Schistosoma mansoni) from very early prepatency. Am. J.Trop. Med. Hyg. 59(6): Hamilton, J.V., Klinkert, M., Doenhoff, M.J., (1998): Diagnosis of schistosomiasis: antibody detection, with notes on parasitological and antigen detection methods. Parasitol. 117 Suppl: S41-S57 Hanelt, B., Adema, C.M., Mansour, M.H., Loker, E.S., (1997): Detection of Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria using nested PCR J. Parasitol. 83(3): Hertel, J., Hamburger, J., Haberl, B., Haas, W., (2002) Detection of bird schistosomes in lakes by PCR and filter-hybridization. Exp. Parasitol. 101: Hertel, J., Haberl, B., Hamburger, J., Haas, W., (2003): Description of a tandem repeated DNA sequence of Echinostoma caproni and methods for its detection in snail and plankton samples. Parasitol. 126( 5): Hertel, J., Kedves, K., Hassan, A.H.M., Haberl, B., Haas, W., (2004): Detection of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae in plankton samples by PCR. Acta Tropica 91: Hoeffler, D.F., (1982): Cercarial dermatitis. In: CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses. Steele, J.H. (ed.) Section C: Parasitic Zoonoses. Hillyer, G.V., Hopla, C.E. (eds.) CRC Press, Boca Raton Hoek, R.M., Smit, A.B., Frings, H., Vink, J.M., de Jong.Brink, M., Geraerts, W.P.M., (1997): Altered gene expression in the host brain caused by a trematode parasite: neuropeptide genes are preferentially affected during parasitosis. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 94: Horak, P., Kolarova, L., Dvorak, J., (1998): Trichobilharzia regenti n. sp. (Schistosomatidae, Bilharziellinae), a new nasal schistosome from Europe. Parasite 5: Horak, P., Dvorak, J., Kolarova, L., Trefil, L., (1999): Trichobilharzia regenti, a pathogen of the avian and mammalian central nervous system. Parasitol. 119: Horak, P., Kolarova, (2001): Bird schistosomes: do they die in mammalian skin? Trends Parasitol. 17(2): Horak, P., Kolarova, L., Adema, C.M., (2003) Biology of the schistosome genus Trichobilharzia Adv. Parasitol. 52:

9 Hordjik, P.L., Schallig, H.D.F.H., Ebberink, R.H.M., de Jong-Brink, M., Joosse, J., (1991): Primary structure and origin of schistosomin, an anti-gonadotropic neuropeptide of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Biochem. J. 279: Hradkova, K., Horak, P., (2002): Neurotropic behaviour of Trichobilharzia regenti in ducks and mice. J. Helminth. 76: Hubendick, B., (1978): Systematics and comparative morphology of the Basommatophora: 1-47 In: Pulmonates. Vol. II. Systematics, evolution and ecology. Fretter, V., Peake, J. (eds.) Academic Press, London Islam, K.S. (1986): The morphology and life-cycle of Trichobilharzia arcuata n. sp. (Schistosomatidae: Bilharziellinae) a nasal schistosome of water whistle ducks (Dendrocygna arcuata) in Australia. Sys. Parasitol. 8: Ito, Y. (1960): Studies on Trichobilharzia corvi (Yamaguti, 1941). I: Morphological studies on the adults. Jap. J. Parasitol. 9: 556 James, S.L., Cheever, A.W., (1985): Comparison of immune responses between high and low responder strains of mice in the concomitant immunity and vaccine models of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni. Parasitology 91(2): James, S.L., DeBlois, L.A., (1986): Induction of protective immunity against Schistosoma mansoni by a nonliving vaccine. II. Response of mouse strains with selective immune defects. J. Immunol. 136(10): Janssen, O., Bock, D., (1990): Identification and prevalence of two plagiorchid trematodes from Hirundinidae in their intermediate and definitive hosts in the surrounding of Ulm, FRG Parasitol. Res. 76: Jarcho, S., van Burkalow, A., (1952): A geographical study of swimmer s itch in the United States and Canada. Geogr. Rev. 42: Johnston D.A., Kane R.A., Rollinson D., (1993); Small subunit (18S) ribosomal RNA gene divergence in the genus Schistosoma. Parasitol. 107(2): Joosse, J., van Elk, R., (1986): Trichobilharzia ocellata: physiological characterization of giant growth, glycogen depletion, and absence of reproductive activity in the intermediate host Lymnaea stagnalis. Exp. Parasitol. 62:

10 Joosse, J., van Elk, R., Mosselman, S., Wortelboer, H., van Diepen, J.C., (1988): Schistosomin: a pronase-sensitive agent in the hemolymph of Trichobilharzia ocellatainfected Lymnaea stagnalis inhibits the activity of albumen glands in vitro. Parasitol. Res. 74(3): Kalbe, M., Haberl, B., Haas, W., (2000): Snail host finding by Fasciola hepatica and Trichobilharzia ocellata: compound analysis of "miracidia-attracting glycoproteins". Exp. Parasitol. 96: Kanev, I., (1994): Life-cycle, delimitation and redescription of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Sys. Parasitol. 28: Kanev, I., Sorensen, R., Sterner, M., Cole, R., Fried, B., (1998): The identification and characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. new (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) based on experimental evidence of the life cycle Acta Parasitol. 43(4): Kanev, I., (1994): Life-cycle, delimitation and redescription of Echinostoma revolutum (Froelich, 1802) (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae). Sys. Parasitol. 28: Kanev, I., Sorensen, R., Sterner, M., Cole, R., Fried, B., (1998): The identification and characteristics of Echinoparyphium rubrum (Cort, 1914) comb. new (Trematoda, Echinostomatidae) based on experimental evidence of the life cycle. Acta Parasitologica 43(4): Kaplan, R.M., Dame, J.B., Reddy, G.R., Courtney, C.H., (1995): A repetitive DNA probe for the sensitive detection of Fasciola hepatica infected snails. Int. J. Parasitol. 25(5): Kemp, W.M., Damian, R.T., Greene, N.D., (1973): Schistosoma mansoni: immunohistochemical localization of the CHR reaction in glycocalyx of cercaria. Exp. Parasitol. 33(1): Khalil, L.F. (2002): Family Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall, 1898 In: Keys to the Trematoda Vol. I, Gibson, D.I., Jones, A., Bray, R.A., (eds.) CABI Publishing Khan, D., (1961): Studies on larval trematodes infecting freshwater snails in London (U.K.) and some adjoining areas. Part IV. Schistosomatid Cercariae J. Helminth. 35 (3/4): Khan, D., (1962): Studies on larval trematodes infecting freshwater snails in London (U.K.) and some adjoining areas. Part V. Pharyngeal, longifurcate, distome furcocercariae J. Helminth. 36 (1/2):

11 Kilias, R. (1992): Vergleichend-anatomische Untersuchungen an Galba palustris (O.F. Müller) von ungarischen Fundorten als Beitrag zur palustris-problematik (Gastropoda, Basommatophora: Lymnaeidae). Malakol. Abh. (Dresden) 16(1): Kilias, R., Frick, W., (1964): Die Zwischenwirtschnecken wichtiger einheimischer Haus- und Nutztierhelminthen II. Teil. Vorkommen und Entwicklung der Helminthen und kritische Betrachtung ihrer Schneckenzwischenwirte. Angew. Parasitol. 5: Kimmig, P., Meier, M., (1985): Parasitologische Untersuchungen, Diagnose und Klinik der Zerkariendermatitis - Hygienische Bedeutung. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. B 181: Kloos, H., Gardiner, C.H., Selim, A., Higashi, G.I., (1982): Laboratory and field evaluation of a direct filtration technique for recovery of schistosome cercariae. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 31(1): Kock, S., (2001): Investigations of intermediate host specifity help to elucidate the taxonomic status of Trichobilharzia ocellata. Parasitol. 123: Kolarova, L., Horak, P., Fajfrlik, F., (1992): Cercariae of Trichobilharzia szidati Neuhaus, 1952 (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae): the causative agent of cercarial dermatitis in Bohemia and Moravia. Folia Parasitologica 39: Kolarova, L., Sykora, J., Bah, B.A., (1994): Serodiagnosis of cercarial dermatitis with antigens of Trichobilharzia szidati and Schistosoma mansoni. Cent. Eur. J. Public Health 2(1): Kolarova, L., Horak, P., Sitko, J., (1997): Cercarial dermatitis in focus: schistosomes in the Czech Republic Helminthologia 34(3): Kolarova, L., Skirnisson, K., Horak, P., (1999): Schistosome cercariae as the causative agent of swimmer's itch in Iceland. J. Helminthol. 73(3): Krux, F., (2001): Zur Prävalenz von Echinococcus multiolocularis Leuckart 1863 in Zwischenwirten mit besonderer Berücksichtigung von Ondatra zibethicus. Eine Untersuchung im Raum Ostwestfalen-Lippe. Diplomarbeit, Universität Bielefeld Kulisic, Z., Lepojev, O., (1994): Trematodes of wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos L.) in the Belgrade area Acta Veterinaria (Beograd) 44 (5-6):

12 Kullavanijava, P., Wongwaisayawan, H., (1993): Outbreak of cercarial dermatitis in Thailand. Int. J. Dermatol. 32: Kuris, A.M., (1990): Guild structure of larval trematodes in molluscan hosts: prevalence, dominance and significance of competition In Parasite Communities: Patterns and Processes, Hrsg. Esch, G.W., Bush, A.B., Aho, J. Chapman and Hall, 1. Aufl. Kuris, A.M., Lafferty, K.D., (1994): Community structure: larval trematodes in snail hosts. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 25: La Valette de St. George, A., (1855) : Symbolae ad Trematodum Evolutionis Historiam. Dissertation, Berlin Lafferty, K.D., (1993): Effects of parasitic castration on growth, reproduction and population dynamics of the marine snail Cerithidea californica. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 96: Lang, W., (2000): Tropenmedizin in Klinik und Praxis. Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart Leite, A.C.R., de Costa, H.M., Costa J.O., (1979): The life cycle of Trichobilharzia jequitibaensis Leite, Costa and Costa, 1978 (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae). Rev. Brasil. Biol. 39: Levesque, B., Giovenazzo, P., Guerrier, P., Laverdiere, D., Prud Homme, H., (2002): Investigation of an outbreak of cercarial dermatitis. Epidemiol. Infect. 129: Lewis FA, Wilson EM., (1981): Strain differences in lymphocyte responses and in vitro suppressor cell induction between Schistosoma mansoni-infected C57BL/6 and CBA mice. Infect. Immun. 32(1): Lie, K.J., Lim, H.K., Ow-Yang, C.K., (1975): Synergism and antagonism between two trematode species in the snail Lymnaea rubiginosa. J. Parasitol. 3: Lie, K.J., Jeong, K.H., Heyneman, D., (1987): Molluscan hostreactions to helminthic infection. In: Immune Responses in Parasitic Infection IV: Protozoa, Arthropods and Invertebrates, Soulsby, E. J. L., ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton Lim, H.K., Heyneman, D., (1972): Intramolluscan inter-trematode antagonism: a review of factors influencing the host parasite system and its possible role in biological control. Adv. Parasitol. 10:

13 Lindblade, K.A., (1998): The epidemiology of cercarial dermatitis and its association with limnological characteristics of a northern Michigan lake. J. Parasitol. 84(1): Littlewood, D.T.J., Rohde, K., Clough, K.A., (1999): The interrelationships of all major groups of Platyhelminthes: phylogenetic evidence from morphology and molecules. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 66: Lockyer, A.E., Olson, P.D., Ostergaard, P., Rollinson, D., Johnston, D.A., Attwood, S.W., Southgate, V.R., Horak, P., Snyder, S.D., Le, T.H., Agatsuma, T., McManus, D.P., Carmichael, A.C., Naem, S., Littlewood, D.T.J., (2003): The phylogeny of the Schistosomatidae based on three genes with emphasis on the interrelationships of Schistosoma Weinland, 1858 Parasitol. 126: Lockyer, A.E., Noble, L.R., Rollinson, D., Jones, C.S., (2004) : Schistosoma mansoni: resistant specific infection-induced gene expression in Biomphalaria glabrata identified by fluorescent-based differential display. Exp. Parasitol. 107(1/2): Lodes. M. J., Yoshino, T. P., (1990): The effect of Schistosome excretory-secretory product s on Biomphalaria glabrata hemocyte motility. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 50(1): Loken, B.R., Spencer, C.N., Granath, W.O., (1995): Prevalence and transmission of cercariae causing schistosome dermatitis in Flathead Lake, Montana. J. Parasitol. 81(4): Loker, E.S., Cimino, D.F., Stryker, G.A., Hertel, L.A., (1987): The effect of size of M line Biomphalaria glabrata on the course of development of Echinostoma paraensei. J. Parasitol. 73: Loker, E.S., Cimino, D.F., Hertel, L.A., (1992): Excretory-secretory products of Echinostoma paraensei sporocysts mediate interference with Biomphalaria glabrata hemocyte function J. Parasitol. 78(1): Loker, E.S., Adema, C.M., (1995): Schistosomes, Echinostomes and Snails: Comparative Immunobiology. Parasitol. Today 11(3): Loy, C., Haas, W., (2001): Prevalence of cercariae from Lymnaea stagnalis snails in a pond system in Southern Germany. Parasitol. Res. 87: Lühe, M., (1909): Parasitische Plattwürmer in: Brauer, A. (Hrsg.), Die Süßwasserfauna Deutschlands, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart 127

14 Malek, E.A. (1980): Snail-transmitted parasitic diseases. CRC Press, Boca Raton Matheson, C., (1930): Notes on cercaria elvae Miller as the probable cause of an outbreak of dermatitis at Cardiff. Trans. Roy. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 23: Matsumara, T., Sawayama, T., Nagata, K., (1983): Avian schistosomiasis (paddy field dermatitis) in a rural city of Hyogo prefecture, Japan. Kobe J. Med. Sci. 29: McClelland, G., Bourns, T.K.R., (1969): Effects of Trichobilharzia ocellata on growth, reproduction, and survival of Lymnaea stagnalis. Exp. Parasitol. 24: McDonald, S.L.C., (1969): The biology of Lymnaea stagnalis L. (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) Sterkiana 36: 1-17 McMullen, D.B., Beaver, P.C., (1945): Studies on schistosome dermatitis. IX. The life cycles of three dermatitis-producing schistosomes from birds and a discussion of the subfamily Bilharziellinae (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae). Am. J. Hyg. 42: Medlin, L., Elwood, H.J., Stickel, S., Sogin, M.L., (1988): The characterization of enzymatically amplified eukaryotic 16S-like rrna-coding regions Gene 71(2): Meier, A., (1999): Verbreitung von Trichobilharzia und anderen Trematoden in Bielefelder Kleingewässern. Diplomarbeit, Universität Bielefeld Meyer, P.O., (1964): Die Trematodenlarven aus dem Gebiete von Zürich. Vierteljahrsschrift Naturforsch. Ges. Zürich 109: Meuleman, E.A., Huyer, A.R., Luub, T.W.J., (1982): The effects of the age of the host and of the miracidial dose on the development of Trichobilharzia ocellata in Lymnaea stagnalis. Proc. Spring Meeting Neth. Soc. Parasitol Trop. Geogr. Med. 34: 298 Meuleman, E.A., Huyer, A.R., Mooij, J.H., (1984): Maintenance of the life cycle of Trichobilharzia ocellata via the duck Anas platyrhynchos and the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Netherl. J. Zool. 34(3): Meyer, P.O., (1964): Die Trematodenlarven aus dem Gebiet von Zürich Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 109:

15 Meyer, R., Becker, W., Klimkewitz, M. (1986): Investigations on the ketone-body metabolism in Biomphalaria glabrata: influence of starvation and of infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J. Comp. Physiol. B 156: Minchella, D.J., Leathers, B.K., Brown, K.M., McNair, J.N., (1985): Host and parasite counteradaptions: an example from a freshwater snail. Am. Natural. 126(6): Monroy, F., Hertel, L. A., Loker, E. S., (1992): Carbohydrate-binding plasma proteins from the gastropod Biomphalaria glabrata: Strain specificity and the effects of trematode infection. Develop. Comp. Immunol. 16: Morand, C., Manning, S.D., Woolhouse, M.E.J., (1996): Parasite-host coevolution and geographic patterns of parasite infectivity and host susceptibility. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B 263: Mostafa, O.M., Taha, H.A., Ramadan, G., (2003): Diagnosis of Fasciola gigantica in snail using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 33(3): Mouahid, A., Mone, H., Arru, E., Chasse, J.L., Theron, A., Combes, C., (1987) : Comparative analysis of the rhythm of cercariae emergence in three strains of Schistosoma bovis (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae). Parassitologia 29(1): Mouchet, F., Theron, A., Bremond, P., Sellin, E., Sellin, B., (1992): Pattern of cercarial emergence of Schistosoma curassoni from Niger and comparison with three sympatric species of schistosomes. J. Parasitol. 78(1): Müller, V., Kimmig, P., (1994): Trichobilharzia franki n. sp. - Die Ursache für Badedermatitiden in südwestdeutschen Baggerseen. Appl. Parasitol. 35: Naegli, O., (1923): Über einen beim Baden entstehenden Hautausschlag, die sogenannten Hundsblattern. (Exanthema caniculare). Schweiz. Med. Wschr. 49: Nasir, P., Erasmus, D.A., (1964): A key to the cercariae from british freshwater molluscs. J. Helminth. 38(3/4): Neradova, J., (1966): Contribution to the knowledge of the helminthofauna of domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos dom. L.) in the western parts of Czechoslovakia. Vestnik Ceskoslovenske Spolecnosti Zoologicke 3: Newton, W.L., (1952): The comparative tissue reaction of two strains of Australorbis glabratus to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. J. Parasitol. 38:

16 Neuhaus, W., (1952): Biologie und Entwicklung von Trichobilharzia szidati n. sp. (Trematoda, Schistosomatidae), einem Erreger von Dermatitis beim Menschen Parasitol. Res. 15: Niemann, G. M., Lewis, F. A., (1990): Schistosoma mansoni: Influence of Biomphalaria glabrata size on susceptibility to infection an resultant cercarial production. Exp. Parasitol. 70: Niewiadomska, K., Valtonen, E.T., Siddall, R., (1997): Cercariae from Lymnaea stagnalis in lake Kuuhankavesi (central Finland). Acta Parasitol. 42(3): Noda, S., Loker, E.S., (1989): Effects of infection with Echinostoma paraensei on the circulating haemocyte population of the host snail Biomphalaria glabrata. Parasitol. 98: Nunes, C.M., Lima, L.G., Manoel, C.S., Pereira, R.N., Nakano, M.M., Garcia, J.F., (2003): Taenia saginata: polymerase chain reaction for taeniasis diagnosis in human fecal samples. Exp. Parasitol. 104(1-2): Nunez, P.E., Adema, C.M., De Jong-Brink, M., (1994): Modulation of the bacterial clearance activity of haemocytes from the freshwater mollusc, Lymnaea stagnalis, by the avian schistosome, Trichobilharzia ocellata. Parasitol. 109: Nunez, P.E., De Jong-Brink, M., (1997) : The supressive excretory-secretory product of Trichobilharzia ocellata: A possible factor for determining compatibility in parasite-host interactions. Parasitol 115: Odening, K., (1964): Exkretionssystem und systematische Stellung einiger Fledermaustrematoden aus Berlin und Umgebung nebst Bemerkungen zum lecithodendrioiden Komplex Parasitol. Res. 24: Odening, K., (1962): Bemerkungen zum Exkretionssystemdreier echinostomer Cercarien sowie zur Identität der Gattungen Neoacanthoparyphium yamaguti und Allopetasiger yamaguti (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) Parasitol. Res. 21: Odening, K., (1971): Möglichkeiten der Herstellung des bisher unbekannten Zusammenhangs von Cercarien und adulten Trematoden mit Hilfe detaillierter Kenntnisse des Exkretionssystems nebst Ausführungen zum weiteren Ausbau des Systems der Plagiorchiata Parasitologische Schriftenreihe 21: Odening, K., (1996): What Cercaria ocellata actually is? Acta Parasitol. Turcica 20 Suppl.1:

17 Ouma, J.H., Sturrock, R.F., Klumpp, R.K., Kariuki, H.C., (1989): A comparative evaluation of snail sampling and cercariometry to detect Schistosoma mansoni transmission in a large-scale, longitudinal field-study in Machakos, Kenya. Parasitol. 99(3): Oviedo, J.A., Bargues, M.D., Mas-Coma, S., (1995): Lymnaeid snails in the human fascioliasis high endemic zone of the Northern Bolivian Altiplano. Res. Rev. Parasitol. 55: Pan, C.T., (1965): Studies on the host-parasite relationship between Schistosoma mansoni and the snail Australorbis glabratus. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hygiene 14: Pan, C.T., (1996): Schistosoma mansoni: The ultrastructure of larval morphogenesis in Biomphalaria glabrata and of associated host-parasite. Jap. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 49: Pilz, J., Eisele, S., Disko, R., (1995): Zerkariendermatitis (swimmer's itch). Hautarzt 46: Platt, T. R., Blair, D., Purdie, J., Melville, L., (1991): Griphobilharzia amoena n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Schistosomatidae), a parasite of the freshwater crocodile Crocodylus johnstoni (Reptila: Crocodylia) from Australia, with the erection of a new subfamily, Griphobilharziinae. J. Parasitol. 77(1): Pontes, L.A., Dias-Neto, E., Rabello, A., (2002): Detection by polymerase chain reaction of Schistosoma mansoni DNA in human serum and feces. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 66(2): Prentice, M.A., Ouma, J.H., (1984): Field comparison of mouse immersion and cercariometry for assessing the transmission potential of water containing cercariae of Schistosoma mansoni. Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 78(2): Price, P.W., (1990): Host populations as resources defining parasite community organisation. In: Parasite Communities: patterns and processes, Esch, G.W., Bush, A.O., Aho, J.M. eds. Chapman and Hall, London, New York Rau, M.E., Bourns, T.K.R., Ellis, J.C., (1975) : Egg production by Trichobilharzia ocellata (Trematoda: Schistosomatidae) after initial and challenge infection in ducks. Can. J. Zool. 53: Redecker, J. (1999) Trematoden im Obersee und angrenzender Kleingewässer Bielefelds. Eine epidemiologische Untersuchung. Examensarbeit, Universität Bielefeld 131

18 Reimer, L.W., (1971): Neue Cercarien der Ostsee mit einer Diskussion ihrer möglichen Zuordnung und einem Bestimmungsschlüssel. Parasitol. Schriftenr. 21: Remigio, E.A., (2002): Molecular phylogenetic relationships in the aquatic snail genus Lymnaea, the intermediate host of the causative agent of fascioliasis: insights from broader taxon sampling. Parasitol. Res. 88: Remigio, E.A., Blair, D., (1997): Molecular systematics of the freshwater snail family Lymnaeidae (Pulmonata: Basommatophora) utilising mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences. J. Molluscan Stud. 63: Richards, C.S., (1977): Schistosoma mansoni: Susceptibility reversal with age in the snail host Biomphalaria glabrata. Exp. Parasitol. 42: Richards, S. R., (1976) Variations in infectivity for Biomphalaria glabrata in strains of Schistosoma mansoni from the same geographical area. Bull. WHO 53: Ruppel, A., (1995): Schistosomen. In: Molekulare und Immunologische Parasitologie. Röllinghoff, M., Rommel, M., (eds.) Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart Russell-Hunter, W., (1961): Life cycles of four freshwater snails in limited populations in Loch Lomond, with a discussion of infraspecific variation. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 136(4): Saiki, R.K., Gelfad, H.D., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S.J., Higuchi, R., Horn, G.T., Mullis, K.B., Erlich, H.A., (1988): Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase Science 239: Schallig, H. D. F. H., Sassen, M. J. M., Hordijk, P. L., de Jong-Brink, M., (1991): Trichobilharzia ocellata: influence of infection on the fecundity of its intermediate snail host Lymnaea stagnalis and cercarial induction of the release of schistosomin, a snail neuropeptide antagonizing female gonadotropic hormones. Parasitol. 102: Schallig, H.D.F.H., Sassen, M. J. M., de Jong-Brink, M., (1992): In vitro release of the anti-gonadotropic hormone, schistosomin, from the central nervous system of Lymnaea stagnalis is induced with a methanolic extract of cercariae of Trichobilharzia ocellata. Parasitol. 104: Scott, M.E., Burt, M. D. B., (1976): Swimmers' itch in New Brunswick: distribution and description of the causative agent, Cercaria catascopii n. sp. Can. J. Zool. 54:

19 Sermswan, R., Mongkolsuk, S., Panyim, S., Sirisinha, S., (1991): Isolation and characterization of Opisthorchis viverrini specific DNA probe. Mol. Cell. Probes 5(6): Shiff, C.J., Chandiwana, S.K., Graczyk, T., Chibatamoto, P., Bradley, M., (1993): A trap for the detection of schistosome cercariae. J. Parasitol. 79(2): Shubkin, C.D., White, M.W., Abrahamsen, M.S., Rognlie, M.C., Knapp, S.E., (1992): A nucleic acid-based test for detection of Fasciola hepatica. J. Parasitol. 78(5): Simon, R., (1995): Der Einfluß von Physa acuta (Moll.) auf den Verlauf der Infektion bei Biomphalaria alexandrina und Biomphalaria glabrata (Moll.) mit Schistosoma mansoni (Plath.). Diplomarbeit, Universität Bielefeld Skrjabin, K.I., Zhakarov, N.P., (1920): Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hemlinthenfauna der Vögel Russlands. Zwei neue Trematodengattungen aus den Blutgefässen der Vögel. Izvestnik Donskovo Veterinarnovo Instituta 2, 1-6 Sluiters, J.F., (1981): Development of Trichobiharzia ocellata in Lymnaea stagnalis and the effects of infection on the reproductive system of the host. Parasitol. Res. 64: Sluiters, J. F., Brussard-Wüst, C. M., Meuleman, E. A., (1980): The relationship between miracidial dose, production of cercariae, and reproductive activity of the host in the combination Trichbilharzia ocellata and Lymnaea stagnalis. Parasitol. Res. 63: Snyder, S.D., Loker, E.S., Johnston, D.A., Rollinson, D., (2001): The Schistosomatidae: advances in phylogenetics and genomics In: Interrelationships of the Platyhelminthes, Littlewood, D.T.J., Bray, R. A. eds., Taylor & Francis, London, New York: Sousa, W.P., (1992): Interspecific interactions among larval trematode parasites of freshwater and marine snails. Amer. Zool. 32: Sousa, W.P., (1993): Interspecific antagonism and species coexistence in a diverse guild of larval trematode parasites. Ecol. Monogr. 63(2): Spakulova, M., Macko, J. K., Birova, V., (1989): Seasonal changes in the species diversity of the duck platyhelminths in East Slovakia Helminthologia 26: Spieler, M., (1990): Parasitologische Untersuchungen an einheimischen Froschlurchen Jahrb. Feldherpet. Beiheft 2:

20 Springorum, A., (2004): Zur Epidemiologie von Trichobilharzia ocellata. Eine exemplarische Untersuchung an Wasservögeln. Diplomarbeit der Universität Bielefeld Stirewalt, M.A., Evans, A.S., (1955): Serologic reactions in Schistosoma mansoni infections. I. Cercaricidal, precipitation, agglutination, and CHR phenomena. Exp. Parasitol. 4(2): Sullivan, J. T., Richards, C. S., (1981): Schistosoma mansoni, NIH-SM-PR-2 strain, in susceptible and nonsusceptible stocks of Biomphalaria glabrata: Comparative histology. J. Parasitol. 67(5): Sullivan, J.T., Spence, J.V., (1994) : Transfer of resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in Biomphalaria glabrata by allografts of amoebocyte-producing organ. J. Parasitol. 80(3): Sullivan, J.T., Spence, J.V., Nunez, J.K., (1995): Killing of Schistosoma mansoni sporocysts in Biomphalaria glabrata with amoebocyteproducing organ allografts from resistant snails. J. Parasitol. 81(5): Szidat, L., (1929): Die Parasiten des Hausgeflügels. 3. Bilharziella polonica Kow., ein Blut schmarotzender Trematode. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 3: Szidat, L., (1942) Was ist Cercaria ocellata La Valette? Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Zeitschrift 46(19): Theron, A., (1984): Early and late shedding patterns of Schistosoma mansoni cercariae: Ecological significance in transmission to human and murine hosts. J. Parasitol. 70(5): Theron A., (1986): Cercariometry and the epidemiology of schistosomiasis.. Parasitol. Today. 2(3): Thompson, S.N., (1997): Physiology and biochemistry of snail-larval trematode relationships. In Advances in Trematode Biology eds. Fried, B., Graczyk, T.K.: CRC Press, Boca Raton Thors, C., Linder, E., (2001): Swimmer s itch in Sweden. Helminthologia 38: 244 Tsai, Y.L., Olson, B.H., (1992): Rapid method for separation of bacterial DNA from humic substances in sediments for polymerase chain reaction. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:

21 van de Roemer, A., Haas, W., (1984) : Fine structure of a lens-covered photoreceptor in the cercaria of Trichobilharzia ocellata. Parasitol. Res. 70: van der Knaap, W.P.W., Loker, E.S., (1990): Immune-mechanisms in trematode snail interactions, Parasitol. Today 6: Väyrynen, T., Siddall, R., Tellervo Valtonen, E., Taskinen, J., (2000): Patterns of trematode parasitism in lymnaeid snalis from northern and central Finland. Ann. Zool. Fennici 37: Velusamy, R., Singh, B.P., Raina, O.K., (2004): Detection of Fasciola gigantica infection in snails by polymerase chain reaction. Vet. Parasitol. 120(1-2): Verbrugge, L.M., Rainey, J.J., Reimink, R.L., Blankespoor, H.D., (2004): Swimmer's itch: incidence and risk factors. Am J Public Health 94(5): Vermund, S.H., Bradley, D.J., Ruiz-Triben, E., (1983): Survival of Schistosoma mansoni in the human host: estimates from a community-based prospection study in Puerto Rico. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32: Verweij, J.J., Polderman, A.M., Wimmenhove, M.C., Gasser, R.B., (2000): PCR assay for the specific amplification of Oesophagostomum bifurcum DNA from human faeces. Int. J. Parasitol. 30(2): Vogel, H., (1930): Hautveränderungen durch Cercaria ocellata. Derm. Wschr. 90: 577 Wesselingh, F.P., Cadee, G.C., Renema, W., (1999): Flying high: on the airborne dispersal of aquatic organisms as illustrated by the distribution histories of the gastropod genera Tryonia and Plaorbarius. Geologie en Mijnbouw 78: Weyant, R.S., Edmonds, P., Swaminathan, B., (1990): Effect of ionic and nonionic detergents on the Taq-Polymerase. BioTechniques 9: Widjojoatmodjo, M.N., Fluit, A.C., Torensma, R., Verdonk, G.P.H.T., Verhoef, J., (1992): The magnetic immuno polymerase chain reaction assay for direct detection of salmonellae in fecal samples. J. Clin. Microbiol. 30: Winnepenninckx, B., Backeljau, T., De Wachter, R., (1993): Extraction of high molecular weight DNA from molluscs Trends Genet. 9(12): 407 Wongratanacheewin, S., Pumidonming, W., Sermswan, R.W., Pipitgool, V., Maleewong, W., (2002): Detection of Opisthorchis viverrini in human stool specimens by PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40(10):

22 Yamaguti, S., (1941): Studies on the helminth fauna of Japan. Part 32. Trematodes of birds. Jap. J. Zool. 9, Yoder, H.R., Coggins, J.R., (1998): Larval trematodes assemblages in the snail Lymnaea stagnalis from Southeastern Wisconsin. J. Parasitol. 84(2): Yousif, F., Roushdy, M., Ibrahim, A., El-Hommossany, K., Shiff, C., (1996): Filtration, centrifugation and mouse exposure for the detection of schistosome cercariae in water. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 26(1): Zajicek, D., (1963): Cercariae and further developmental stages of flukes. Cekoslovenska parazitologie 10: Zajicek, D., Pav, K., (1963): The parasite fauna of common Czechoslovak wild and domestic ducks. Prace vyzkumnych ustavu lesnickych CSSR 27: Zbikowska, E., (2003): Is there a potential danger of "swimmer s itch" in Poland Parasitol. Res. 89: Zbikowska, E., (2004): Infection of snails with bird schistosomes and the threat of swimmer s itch in selected Polish lakes. Parasitol. Res. 92: Zuchowska, E., (1997): Helminth fauna of Anseriformes (Aves) in zoological garden in Lodz. Wiad. Parazytol. 43(2):