The study on exercise effects by the change of elastics and angle of the Insole
|
|
- Griselda Little
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The study on exercise effects by the change of elastics and angle of the Insole Lee, Chang-Min, Oh, Yeon-ju, Kim, Jin-Hoon Department of Industrial and Management Engineering Dong-Eui University Gaya-Dong 24, Pusanjin-ku Pusan, Korea Abstract: Several studies on the functions of shoes have been actively progressed that functions could be maximized through the modification and change of shoes materials. The exercise effects of shoes can lead the natural heel-toe walking by changing the angle and the hardness etc., from the heel to the metatarsal. The purpose of the study is to investigate the ergonomics analysis to cause the natural heel-toe walking and to improve exercise effects of the 5 protocol insoles. The experiments are performed by measuring the Electromyography with exercise time variable under the 7.2m power-walking condition (8cm/1step). As the results, variation of the Median Frequency and Mean Power Frequency show the highest exercise effect and statistic significance in insole 3 (p <.5) at the calf. In conclusion, this paper suggests a new design insole for improvement in exercise effect by changing the hardness and shape of the insole. 1. INTRODUCTION Recent science technologies reduce the workload by automation and provide a convenient environment for people, but they restrict the physical activities of people in daily life. An automatic tool simplifies tasks and reduces physical activities which cause geriatric diseases and obesity due to the lack of exercises of the modern age. Those facts have become a motive of current studies on the various functions of shoes to increase exercise ability. Many kinds of sport shoes such as taekwondo, hiking, golf, tennis, and soccer shoes, etc., having various functions have been developed and also there are some safety shoes such as nursing, safety and cooking shoes. Most of the functional shoes were developed to achieve special purposes. For example, marathon shoes have functions of light weight and good ventilation and golf shoes are designed to prevent slipping and to increase stability while swinging. Functional shoes are designed with special objects for efficiency, however these are not necessary for daily living. The shoes usually protect the foot from impact, as well as prevent injury of the muscles, tendons, and joints in our body. These functions should be required in soles. Especially, outsole exposed to the ground surface affects to the abrasion and grounding capacity. Those basic roles can be performed by using the materials strengthening the characters of the flexibility, non-slip, and weight. Midsole and insole which are
2 parts that touch directly to the foot can strengthen the functions of the shoes by dispersing pressure and fatigue. Walking shoes like MBT (Masai Barefoot Technology) and SRD (Soft Road Diet), which lead a natural walking posture from heel to toe, give the functions of the sole using the walking mechanism of human. The front part of metatarsus and the heel part are high in walking shoes and the bottom is rounded, those shapes lead not only to increase the stability while walking, but also to relieve body tension and disperse pressure on the foot. Some papers comparing normal shoes with walking shoes presented that the load of the ankle joint due to the ground reaction is reduced by the round structure of the outsole and those factors induce adequate exercising effects to maintain stability (Choi et al., 23). The shoes having the round structure of the outsole can help people who have walking problems at articulation genu, by strengthening of lower leg muscle due to activating unused muscles (Nigg B. et al., 26). An et al. (27) showed that the shoes have roles to use muscles of the ankle and knee by correcting the instability of the body from the comparison study of walking patterns and motion characters of the lower muscles during walking on the treadmill with rounded outsole shoes. The current studies and developments related with the walking shoes focused on diet shoes. Kwak (21) presented that the hardness and weight of the shoes affect walking efficiency so the heavier the shoes the more energy consumption. Up until today the study related with the function of outsole and midsole to increase muscle activity has been performed often, but studies are few concerning insole. The studies and the developments of the functional insole can provide function respective to the type of the walking, task, and body size and provide economic and social (Lee, 25) advantages. By using the design concept of outsole and midsole in walking shoes, we develop walking insole. On the study, EMG (electromyography) measurements were performed to comprehend the level of the activity of the lower and lumber muscles during dynamic walking. 2. METHOD Six subjects with a mean age of 26.16(SD=.41) and a mean body mass of 72.5(SD=4.32) kg who have not experienced disease at the lumber and lower limbs participated in this study. All subjects checked their walking speed to measure stable steps for exercising with prototype insoles to improve exercise effects. The average walking speed of the subjects was 1.44m/s and was marked with tape on the floor. They had advance training for adaptation to the experimental environment. EMG measurement was performed to check muscle activities using the prototype insoles. The prototype insoles used for our experiment were designed so that the toe section was higher than the metatarsal to improve the exercise effects (L. Stewart, 27) and the arch was also designed higher than the metatarsal to disperse pressure on the foot. Also we applied the outsole type of the existing walking shoe to the prototype insoles. The hardness of the prototype insoles was measured from A hardness meter. The prototype insoles have two different kinds on hardness; below 15 and over 2. Each insole has been modified to a
3 specific shape. That shape has a given inclination from zero to 3 degrees at the metatarsal and has round types or stair types (Fig 1). There are 5 items in the prototype insoles and they are defined as insole 1, insole 2, insole 3, insole 4 and insole 5 (Table 1) (G. F. Kogler et al., 1995, An et al., 27). Specifically, insole 2 has hardness below 15 and the type is round. Insole 3 has hardness below 15 and the type is stair. Insole 4 has hardness over 2 and the type is round. Insole 5 has hardness over 2 and the type is stair. The prototype insoles have the same forms at the arch except insole 1, which has height at the arch 3mm and the inclination 25 degrees ((Nigg, B et al., 26). Insole 1 was defined as the normal insole to be compared against the prototypes (Table 1) (Fig 1) (G. F. Kogler et al., 1995, An et al., 27). All subjects performed power walking exercises with prototype insoles and EMG recording which was repeated five times using ME-6 -T8 equipment and Mega Win Version program (Fig 2). The step width of all subjects was fixed on 8cm (in total 7.2m) which caused about 9 heel strikes (Fig 3). All subjects performed the exercise for 1 hour complying with the experiment regulations on a track (Taebeum Ryu, 26) (Fig. 4). They took a break time for 1 minute every 1 minutes to prevent fatigue accumulation. The EMG data was recorded at erector spinae of waist, vastus lateralis of the thigh and lateral gastrocnemius of the calf which cause the highest effects on muscle activities during walking (Fig. 5) (Lee et al., 26). To measure the muscle activities of subjects, MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency) were used as indices of the muscle activities and one-way ANOVA analysis was performed for statistical analysis. Table 1. Specs of the prototype insoles Insole Hardness Metatarsal Arch angle type angle height Insole Insole 2 below 15 3 round 25 3mm Insole 3 below 15 3 stair 25 3mm Insole 4 over 2 3 round 25 3mm Insole 5 over 2 3 stair 25 3mm
4 Figure 1. Prototype insoles used the experiments Figure 2. ME6-T8 (Mega Win Ver ) Figure 3. Walking width for 1 step
5 Figure 4. The size of the track Figure 5. Measurement parts in the body 3. Results The muscle activities can be analyzed by measuring the frequency shift of the EMG. In this study, we used the MF (Median Frequency) and MPF (Mean Power Frequency) among the signals of the EMG. The degree of the frequency shift depended on muscle activities, moreover, the more muscle activities lead to higher frequency shifts (Peter, 25). 3.1 MF (Median Frequency) analysis The MF examined the degree of the EMG frequency shift can show muscle fatigue. The MF equation defined as the mean of the frequency is shown as follows: MF 1 MF = S( f ) df = S( f ) df S( f ) df = MF 2 (1) S( f ) = Re + Im 2 2 S( f ) = power spectrum, Re = real term, Im = imaginary term The highest variation of the MF appeared in insole 3. While it is classified by examined parts, the thigh has a high variation, then the calf has middle variation, and the waist has the lowest variation. Insole 3 showed significant difference on 95% confidence intervals at the thigh (p-value=.56) (Table 2) (Fig 6). The p-value was.13 at the calf and.19 at the waist. The significant difference on muscle activities appeared before and after 1 hour of exercise.
6 Excluding insole 3, the variation of MF at insole 2 values are high at most measured points. Followed by insole 5, and insole 4 was last. Conclusively, insoles having hardness below 15 affects muscle activities more than insoles having hardness over 2. Insole 2 and insole 3 have the same hardness but different shape. The mean of MF in insole 3 is higher than that of insole 2 in analyzing the difference depending on the shapes of insoles. The p-value is.3 at the thigh and.44 at the waist and there was significant difference on 95% confidence intervals before the exercise. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between two shapes of insoles after 1 hour of exercise. It means that the shape of the insole at the metatarsal doesn t affect muscle activities after walking for 1 hour (Table 4). As a result, insole 3 which the metatarsal shape has stair type and the hardness is below 15 can lead to high muscle activities. Namely, it is possible for the insole which has hardness below 15 to improve muscle activities under the exercise condition of power-walking for 1 hour. 3.2 MPF (Mean Power Frequency) analysis MPF analysis shows the degree of the muscle fatigue through the frequency shift. The MPF equation defined as the mean of the frequency is shown as follows: MPF = fs( f ) df S( f ) df S( f ) = Re + Im 2 2 S( f ) = power spectrum, Re = real term, Im = imaginary term (2) As a result of the MPF analysis, the highest variation of the frequency shift was shown on insole 3 and the highest value was shown at the calf. The p-value was.5 at the calf,.7 at the thigh, and.29 at the waist and there was significant difference with 95% confidence intervals (table 3). These results are the same as the result of MF. Excluding insole 3, insole 2 shows the second higher frequency shift value. And insole 5 has the next highest frequency shift value and insole 4 has the lowest frequency shift value. Insole 2 also shows significant difference on the 95% confidence intervals. The p-value was.19 at the calf and.45 at the thigh. It means that the insole which has hardness below 15 affects muscle activities more than the insole hardness over 2(Table 3). On analyzing MF and MPF, there are differences depending upon the shape of insoles. There is a little difference between the insole 2(round type) on the metatarsal and insole 3 (stair type) only before exercise. The mean frequency of insole 3 was higher than that of insole 2 before exercise. There were significant differences between insole 2 and insole 3(p-value:.21) on 9% confidence intervals. However, there is no significant difference after exercise (Table 5). The difference depending on shapes of insoles at the metatarsal affects muscle activities only before exercise.
7 Analyzing MF and MPF, the median and mean of the frequency respectively, there was a little gap in their data. However, the results of the MF and the MPF show similarly. As a conclusion, the highest frequency variation appeared at insole 3 and there was significant difference among insoles on the 95% confidence intervals. Namely, insole 3 which has hardness below 15 can help the muscle activities under the exercise condition such as walking for 1 hour. MF(Hz) hr 1 hr Thigh Insole3 MPF(Hz) hr 1 hr Calf Insole3 Figure 6. The MP and MPF value of 5 insoles
8 Table 2. The statistic analysis of the MF p<.5 Part Insole Hour M ± SD(Hz) Variation (%) P-value 477.7± ± ± ± ±593.2 waist Insole * ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±752.2 thigh Insole * ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±887.9 calf Insole * ± ± ± ± ±824.2 Table 3. The statistic analysis of the MPF p<.5 Part Insole Hour M ± SD(Hz) Variation (%) P-value 437.5± ± ± ± ±595.8 waist Insole * 1 3.4± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± * ± ±755.3 thigh Insole * ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± * ± ±853.3 calf Insole * ± ± ± ± ±568.8 Table 4. The MP analysis with the insoles which have same hardness p<.5 Before exercise After exercise Part Insole M ± SD(Hz) P-value M ± SD(Hz) P-value 338.4± ± *.25 Insole3 61.4± ±268. waist Insoel ± ± * ± ± ± ± *.489 Insole ± ±519.1 thigh Insoel ± ± ± ± ± ± Insole ± ±451.2 calf Insoel4 481.± ± ± ±69.4 Table 5. The MPF analysis with the insoles which have same hardness Part Insole p<.5 Before exercise After exercise M ± SD(Hz) P-value M ± SD(Hz) P-value 38.1± ± Insole ± ±264.6 waist Insoel4 39.9± ± ± ± ± ± *.421 Insole ± ±467.2 thigh Insoel ± ± ± ±656.9 calf 523.6± ± Insole ± ± Insoel ± ± ± ±
9 4. DISCUSSION As various functional shoes and walking shoes have been developed, recently, the study for improving functions of those shoes has become quite active. The main purposes of walking shoes are to bring about natural walking and to improve muscle activities through inducing proper use of muscles. Most of recent studies are to maximize functions by transforming the shape of outsole and midsole. This study investigated muscle activities on the lower limbs and lumber after dynamic activity such as power walking, depending on the hardness and type of the insoles. As compared factors, MF and MPF obtained by EMG measurement were used to analyze muscle activities. The four prototype insoles used for our experiments were based on former researches. Insoles angle of the metatarsal was zero to 3 degrees and the hardness of the insole was below 15 and over 2. And shapes of insoles were divided into round type and the stair type. The experiment measured EMG (MF, MPF) of the calf, thigh, and waist using the prototype insoles before walking and after one hour of walking. As a result, the highest variation was shown on insole 3 which had hardness below 15 and type stair. Results of the MF of the calf, thigh, and waist had a variation from 91% to 15% on insole 3. The MPF also had a variation from 88% to 28% at all measurement parts. On insole 2, the variation was about 5% in MF and MPF, and the variation of insole 5, insole 4, and insole 1 were insignificant. Insole 3 has the highest value of frequency shift (MF) and the statistical significance (p-value <.5). Especially, the activities of calf and thigh muscles were much higher than that of the waist. Insole 4 and insole 5 had hardness over 2 and had lower a frequency shift than that of insole 2 and insole 3 which had hardness below 15. It means that insoles which had hardness were below 15 affects the muscle activity for 1 hour of exercise, as shown on insole 2 and insole 3. However a little difference is shown between insole 2 and insole 3 because of the shape of the insoles. As a result according to shapes, insole 3 stair type has a higher frequency shift than that of insole 2 round shapes at the metatarsal. However, there is little change of frequency between two insoles after exercise for 1 hour. Those results show that there is little correlation between the shapes of insole and the muscle activity after 1 hour of exercise. Walking shoes can improve muscle activities by wearing insoles having various functions. In this study, we confirmed the fact that the hardness as well as the type of the insole can affect muscle activities. Moreover, insoles have the ability to maximize the function of the shoes through transformation of the shapes. For the future study, if the stability and comfort of the shoes should be considered with the insoles having various hardness, elastic, and types etc. it can be possible to design more systematic walking shoes and also can be applied to other studies for the most excellent shoes.
10 5. REFERENCE An, Song-Y. Kim, Sang-Bum, Lee,Ki-Kwang. (27). A Comparative Study of Characters of Muscle Activity in Lower Limb and Gait Pattern on Type of Heel Rockers. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp Chang-Min Lee, Yeon-Ju Oh. (25). The Development of the Insole for Gait Load Decreasing by Biomechanics Analysis. Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea, Vol. 24, No. 4 pp Cho, Kyu-Kwon. Kim, You-Sin, Kim, Eun-Jung. (26). The Comparative Analysis of Kinematic And Emg on Power Walking and Normal Gait. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 16, No. 2, pp Choi, Kyoo-Jeong, Kwon, Hee-Ja. (23). Sport biomechanical comparative analyses between general sporting shoe and functional walking shoe. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp Donovan J. Lott, Mary K. Hastings, Paul K. commean, Kirk E. Smith, Michael J Mueller. (27). Effect of footwear and orthotic devices on stress reduction and soft tissue strain of the neuropathic foot. Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 22, pp Dorsey S. Williams, Irene S. McCLay, Joseph Jamill. (21) Arch structure and injury patterns in runners. Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 16, pp G. F. Kogler, S. E. Solomonidis, J. P. Paul. (1995) In vitro method for quantifying the effectiveness of the longitudinal arch support mechanism of a foot orthosis. Clinical Biomechanics, Vol. 1, No. 5, Kwak, Chang-Soo. (21). Effects of Shoe Weight and Midsole Hardness of Running Shoes on Running Economy and its Application. The Korean Journal of Physical Education, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp L. Stewart, J.N.A. Gibson, C.E. Thomson. (27). In-shoe pressure distribution in "unstable" (MBT) shoes and flat-bottomed training shoes: A comparative study. Gait & Posture, Vol. 25, pp Lee, Chang-Min, Oh, Yeon-Ju, Lee, Kyoung-Deuk, Park, Seung-Bum, Lee, Hoon-Sik. (26). The Study on effect of the Muscle Activities for Dietshoes(Backless). Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp Lee Chang Min, The insole development for decreasing the workload, business report, Small and Medium Business Administration, 24 Lee Yung-Hui, Hong Wei-Hsien. (25). Effects of shoe inserts and heel height on foot pressure, impact force, and perceived comfort during walking. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 36, pp Min-Chi Chiu, Mao-Jiun J. Wang. (27). Professional footwear evaluation for clinical nurses. Applied Ergonomics, Vol. 38, pp Nigg, B., Hintzen, S., Ferber, R. (26). Effect of an unstable shoe construction on lower extremity gait characteristics. Clinical Biomechanics, Vol.21, No. 1, pp Peter Konrad. (25). The ABC of EMG. Version 1.. Noraxon INC, USA Taebeum Ryu, Hwa Soon Choi, Hoonwoo Choi, Min K. Chung. (26). A comparison of gait characteristics between Korean and Western people for establishing Korean gait reference data. Industrial Ergonomics, Vol. 36, pp
A Study on the Human Impulse Characteristics Of the Standing Shooting Posture
A Study on the Human Impulse Characteristics Of the Standing Shooting Posture Young-Shin Lee 1, a, Young-Jin Choi 2,b, Kyu-Hyun Han 2,c, Je-Wook Chae 3,d, Eui-Jung Choi 3,e and In-Woo Kim 3,f 1 Dept. of
More informationHPW Biomechanics
HPW Biomechanics hpw@mail.com www.hpwbiomechanics.com ~ via e-mail ~ January 31, 213 To: Attn: From: Subject: I-Roc Debbie Chapman Janet S. Dufek, Ph.D. Research Scientist Additional Footwear Evaluation
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON GOLF SHOE DESIGN USING FOOT- PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DURING THE GOLF SWING
Proceedings of the 4 th BSME-ASME International Conference on Thermal Engineering 27-29 December, 2008, Dhaka, Bangladesh AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON GOLF SHOE DESIGN USING FOOT- PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION
More informationOxygen Uptake and Energy Expenditure during Treadmill Walking with Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) Shoes
Original Article Oxygen Uptake and Energy Expenditure during Treadmill Walking with Masai Barefoot Technology (MBT) Shoes J. Phys. Ther. Sci. 23: 000 000, 2011 TERJE F. GJøVAAG, PhD 1), INGAR DAHLEN, PT
More information3 people 3 unique lifestyles 3 advanced foot solutions
3 people 3 unique lifestyles 3 advanced foot solutions Reclaim your life Information for practitioners Shelby Hans Intelligent feet are made for more than just walking Today s advanced microprocessor controlled
More informationImpact of heel position on leg muscles during walking
Original article Niigata Journal of Health and Welfare Vol. 14, No. 1 Impact of heel position on leg muscles during walking Koichi Akaishi Graduate School of Health and Welfare, Niigata University of Health
More informationWalk your way to weight loss...
Walk your way to weight loss... Walking is great exercise - it s natural, free and good for you! Don t be lulled into thinking it s not proper exercise. It is and Caroline Sandry tells you why. 22 ultra-fit
More informationChapter 1 - Injury overview Chapter 2 - Fit for Running Assessment Chapter 3 - Soft Tissue Mobilization... 21
Table of Contents Introduction Chapter 1 - Injury overview... 6 Chapter 2 - Fit for Running Assessment... 13 Chapter 3 - Soft Tissue Mobilization... 21 Chapter 4 - Dynamic Warm-up... 28 Chapter 5 - Strengthening...
More informationBiomechanical Analysis of Taekwondo Kicking Technique, Performance & Training Effects
Preface Taekwondo is a free-fighting, combat sport that is popular in Hong Kong. It is an international sport, with over 18 million participants worldwide, and is one of the new Olympic sports in the Sydney
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF SLOW RECOVERY INSOLE ON PLANTAR PRESSURE AND CONTACT AREA DURING WALKING
March 12, 2015 5:39:44pm WSPC/170-JMMB 1540005 ISSN: 0219-51942nd Reading Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology Vol. 15, No. 2 (2015) 1540005 (6 pages) c World Scientific Publishing Company DOI:
More informationAnalysis of Gait Characteristics Changes in Normal Walking and Fast Walking Of the Elderly People
IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719 Vol. 08, Issue 7 (July. 2018), V (V) 34-41 www.iosrjen.org Analysis of Gait Characteristics Changes in and Of the Elderly
More informationAthletic Shoes. Tips for Finding the Right Athletic Shoe
Athletic Shoes Wearing the appropriate athletic shoe for specific sports activities can improve comfort and performance, and most importantly, prevent injuries. Sports can place tremendous pressure on
More informationGiovanni Alfonso Borelli Father of Biomechanics
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli Father of Biomechanics 1608-1679 Peter Guy BSc DCh Private practice Whitby and Peterborough Professor Chiropody Faculty Michener Institute of Education at UHN Advisory Board Member
More informationThe springboard diving techniques analysis
ISSN 1750-9823 (print) 185 International Journal of Sports Science and Engineering Vol. 02 (2008) No. 03, pp. 185-192 The springboard diving techniques analysis Qining Wang Nanjing sports institute, Nanjing,
More informationJournal of Human Sport and Exercise E-ISSN: Universidad de Alicante España
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise E-ISSN: 1988-5202 jhse@ua.es Universidad de Alicante España KALINA, TOMAS; CACEK, JAN; KMETOVA, LINDA The running economy difference between running barefoot and running
More informationTOPIC OF THE MONTH FOR MARCH 2010 HOW CAN KICKERS AND PUNTERS INCREASE POWER?
TOPIC OF THE MONTH FOR MARCH 2010 HOW CAN KICKERS AND PUNTERS INCREASE POWER? Imagine yourself as the quarterback for a winning Super Bowl team. You survived the season because your eyes read opponent
More informationBIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF RUNNING AND SOCCER SHOES: METHODOLOGY AND TESTING PROCEDURES. Ewald M. Hennig
BIOMECHANICAL EVALUATION OF RUNNING AND SOCCER SHOES: METHODOLOGY AND TESTING PROCEDURES Ewald M. Hennig Biomechanics Laboratory, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany Running shoes are the footwear,
More informationIdeal Heel Promotes proper alignment and reduces lever arms
IDEAL Technologies Ideal Heel Promotes proper alignment and reduces lever arms The Ideal Heel is an innovation that shifts the ground contact point forward. The runner lands with more ground clearance
More informationAnalysis of Backward Falls Caused by Accelerated Floor Movements Using a Dummy
Original Article Analysis of Backward Falls Caused by Accelerated Floor Movements Using a Dummy Hisao NAGATA 1 * and Hisato OHNO 2 1 National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, 1 4 6 Umezono,
More informationA New Approach to Modeling Vertical Stiffness in Heel-Toe Distance Runners
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive All Faculty Publications 2003-12-01 A New Approach to Modeling Vertical Stiffness in Heel-Toe Distance Runners Iain Hunter iain_hunter@byu.edu Follow this and
More informationBiofeedback Insole can help to Increase Performance and Comfort, and Reduce Injury.
Biofeedback Insole can help to Increase Performance and Comfort, and Reduce Injury. During independent third party testing for consumer acceptance and evaluation purposes the device was found to provide
More informationComparison of gait properties during level walking and stair ascent and descent with varying loads
Vol.2, No.12, 1372-1376 (2010) doi:10.4236/health.2010.212203 Health Comparison of gait properties during level walking and stair ascent and descent with varying loads Tomohiro Demura 1*, Shin-ich Demura
More informationBiomechanical analysis on force plate of aerobics shoes
Acta Technica 62 No. 3A/2017, 181 186 c 2017 Institute of Thermomechanics CAS, v.v.i. Biomechanical analysis on force plate of aerobics shoes Yang Yang 1 Abstract. A pair of good shoes is essential to
More informationCHAPTER IV FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE KNEE JOINT WITHOUT A MEDICAL IMPLANT
39 CHAPTER IV FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF THE KNEE JOINT WITHOUT A MEDICAL IMPLANT 4.1 Modeling in Biomechanics The human body, apart of all its other functions is a mechanical mechanism and a structure,
More informationCustomized rocker sole constructions
Customized rocker sole constructions German guidelines to improve results in daily practice Stief, Thomas Registered Association for the Encouragement of Research and Education Management in Orthopedic
More informationSteffen Willwacher, Katina Fischer, Gert Peter Brüggemann Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
P01-3 ID126 SURFACE STIFFNESS AFFECTS JOINT LOADING IN RUNNING Steffen Willwacher, Katina Fischer, Gert Peter Brüggemann Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University, Cologne, Germany
More informationWhat is the optimal design of a rocker shoe
What is the optimal design of a rocker shoe University of Salford School of Health, Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln J Chapman, S Preece, C Nester, B Braunstein, P Bruggerman
More informationMINIMALIST / BAREFOOT RUNNING
MINIMALIST / BAREFOOT RUNNING DR GAVIN SHANG SPORTS PHYSICIAN MBBCH (WITS) MPHIL SPORTS MED (UCT/SSISA) BORN TO RUN BAREFOOT RUNNING Tarahumara Indians: Persistence hunting and thermo-regulatory advantage
More informationSAPPHIRE PHYSICAL THERAPY
www.fisiokinesiterapia.biz SAPPHIRE PHYSICAL THERAPY PRESENTATION OUTLINE Foot Facts Foot & Ankle Anatomy Shoe Anatomy Common Foot Injuries Orthotics Sport & Activity Specific Shoes Questions & Answers
More informationGait Analyser. Description of Walking Performance
Gait Analyser Description of Walking Performance This brochure will help you to understand clearly the parameters described in the report of the Gait Analyser, provide you with tips to implement the walking
More informationempower Reclaim your power. Information for technicians empower Ottobock 1
empower Reclaim your power. Information for technicians empower Ottobock 1 empower Powered propulsion for more freedom in life The empower Ankle is an innovation in the field of prosthetic feet. It is
More informationRUNNING SHOE STIFFNESS: THE EFFECT ON WALKING GAIT
RUNNING SHOE STIFFNESS: THE EFFECT ON WALKING GAIT Stephen N Stanley, Peter J M c Nair, Angela G Walker, & Robert N Marshall Auckland Institute of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand University of Auckland,
More informationKinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do
Physical Activity Review vol. 3, 2015 Original Articles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2015.01.05 Kinetics of the knife-hand strike used in power breaking in ITF Taekwon-do Authors' Contribution:
More informationPurpose A patented technology designed to improve stability of the human foot.
The Richie ArchLock Technology Purpose A patented technology designed to improve stability of the human foot. Description A platform of specific dimension, strategically placed under the human foot. This
More informationEmpower. Reclaim your power. Information for technicians. Empower Ottobock 1
Empower Reclaim your power. Information for technicians Empower Ottobock 1 Empower Powered propulsion for more freedom in life The Empower is an innovation in the field of prosthetic feet. It is equipped
More informationAnalysis of Foot Pressure Variation with Change in Stride Length
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-853, p-issn: 2279-861.Volume 13, Issue 1 Ver. IV (Oct. 214), PP 46-51 Dr. Charudatta V. Shinde, M.S. MCh ( Orthopaedics ), Dr. Weijie
More informationThe Influence of Load Carrying Modes on Gait variables of Healthy Indian Women
The Influence of Load Carrying Modes on Gait variables of Healthy Indian Women *Guha Thakurta A, Iqbal R and De A National Institute of Industrial Engineering, Powai, Vihar Lake, Mumbai-400087, India,
More informationThe effect of different backpack loading systems on trunk forward lean angle during walking among college students
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com European Journal of Sports and Exercise Science, 2012, 1 (1):1-5 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN: 2278 005X The effect of different
More informationBiomechanical analysis of the medalists in the 10,000 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics
STUDY Biomechanical analysis of the medalists in the 10,000 metres at the 2007 World Championships in Athletics by IAAF 23:3; 61-66, 2008 By Yasushi Enomoto, Hirosuke Kadono, Yuta Suzuki, Tetsu Chiba,
More informationThe running economy difference between running barefoot and running shod
Proceeding 9th INSHS International Christmas Sport Scientific Conference, 4-6 December 2014. International Network of Sport and Health Science. Szombathely, Hungary The running economy difference between
More informationA Study on Weekend Travel Patterns by Individual Characteristics in the Seoul Metropolitan Area
A Study on Weekend Travel Patterns by Individual Characteristics in the Seoul Metropolitan Area Min-Seung. Song, Sang-Su. Kim and Jin-Hyuk. Chung Abstract Continuous increase of activity on weekends have
More informationBarefoot Running. Ed Mulligan, PT, DPT, OCS, SCS, ATC. Clinical Orthopedic Rehabilitation Education
Barefoot Running Ed Mulligan, PT, DPT, OCS, SCS, ATC Clinical Orthopedic Rehabilitation Education Not a new concept Nov 1958 1984 Olympics Interesting Trivia Abebe Bilika won the 1960 Olympic marathon
More informationDIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAEKWONDO ROUNDHOUSE KICK EXECUTED BY THE FRONT AND BACK LEG - A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY
268 Isas 2000! Hong Kong DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TAEKWONDO ROUNDHOUSE KICK EXECUTED BY THE FRONT AND BACK LEG - A BIOMECHANICAL STUDY Pui-Wah Kong, Tze-Chung Luk and Youlian Hong The Chinese University of Hong
More informationFormthotics Case Study Severs Disease
Formthotics Case Study Severs Disease In association with Severs Disease Practitioner Practice Patient Rebecca Gifford PodiatryMed, Christchurch, NZ Dominic Buyers Severs disease or calcaneal apophysitis
More informationSPRINTING CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN S 100 METER FINALS AT THE IAAF WORLD CHAMPIONSHOPS DAEGU 2011
9:30-9:45 am Sang-Kyoon Park. Sprinting characteristics of women's 100 meter finals at the IAAF world championships Daegu 2011. (228) SPRINTING CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN S 100 METER FINALS AT THE IAAF WORLD
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(6): Research Article. Walking Robot Stability Based on Inverted Pendulum Model
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2016, 8(6):463-467 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Walking Robot Stability Based on Inverted Pendulum
More informationIt has been observed that 20-30% of children never form the arches or curves in both the feet or in just one foot.
Introduction Flat feet, also known as Pes Planus or fallen arches, are a medical condition in which the arch of the foot is prone to suboptimal development. Normally, in this condition, the bottom of the
More informationWhy Running shoes do not work: Looking at Pronation, Cushioning, Motion Control and Barefoot running. by Steve Magness
Why Running shoes do not work: Looking at Pronation, Cushioning, Motion Control and Barefoot running. by Steve Magness The running shoe model needs to be fixed. Pronation, Motion Control, Cushioning, and
More informationINTERACTION OF STEP LENGTH AND STEP RATE DURING SPRINT RUNNING
INTERACTION OF STEP LENGTH AND STEP RATE DURING SPRINT RUNNING Joseph P. Hunter 1, Robert N. Marshall 1,, and Peter J. McNair 3 1 Department of Sport and Exercise Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland,
More informationMy pa;ents are ocen keen to quiz me about it, I expect yours are as well.
Wed 11am T12 This summer I'm publishing a book on lower limb tendinopathy and this presenta;on is essen;ally a spin-off from my research for the book and my clinical work with novice runners. 1 My pa;ents
More informationThe Human Foot. The Three Major Sections of the Foot
The Human Foot You ve heard the phrase I have one foot bigger than the other. A closer truth would be no two feet are alike, and yes in many cases one foot is larger than the other. Handling the challenge
More informationStability Trainer. New! Balance Products. Rocker and Wobble Boards. New!
New! Stability Trainer Balance Products Rocker and Wobble Boards New! www.thera-band.com Rocker and Wobble Boards The Hygenic Corporation 1245 Home Avenue, Akron, Ohio 44310 USA 330.633.8460 1.800.321.2135
More informationCan Asymmetric Running Patterns Be Predicted By Assessment of Asymmetric Standing Posture? A Case Study in Elite College Runners
REVIEW ARTICLE Can Asymmetric Running Patterns Be Predicted By Assessment of Asymmetric Standing Posture? A Case Study in Elite College Runners Paige E. Skorseth; Patrick T. Knott, PhD, PA-C Abstract Objective:
More informationGait Analysis of a Little Biped Robot. Received May 2015; accepted July 2015
ICIC Express Letters Part B: Applications ICIC International c216 ISSN 2185-2766 Volume 7, Number 5, May 216 pp. 1 6 Gait Analysis of a Little Biped Robot Chi-Sheng Tsai 1, Chen-Huei Hsieh 1, Wenning QIU
More information-Elastic strain energy (duty factor decreases at higher speeds). Higher forces act on feet. More tendon stretch. More energy stored in tendon.
As velocity increases ( ) (i.e. increasing Froude number v 2 / gl) the component of the energy cost of transport associated with: -Internal kinetic energy (limbs accelerated to higher angular velocity).
More informationWalking Tall: Mobility Drills for Seniors
Walking Tall: Mobility Drills for Seniors What is Functional Mobility Training? Selecting exercises that improve the foundation for movement Working in multiple planes Teaching reaction time, decision
More informationRunning from injury 2
Created as a free resource by Clinical Edge Based on Physio Edge podcast 049 with Dr Rich Willy Get your free trial of online Physio education by clicking here Running injuries & assessment Running assessment
More informationChoosing the Right Running Shoe
Choosing the Right Running Shoe Whether you re an Olympic athlete or a periodic pavement pounder, happy feet can make all the difference. For runners, selecting running shoes is like purchasing a house
More informationA Practice of Developing New Environment-friendly System by Composites
A Practice of Developing New Environment-friendly System by Composites Yun-Hae Kim, Dong-Hun Yang, Young-Dae Jo, Seung-Jun An, Se-Ho Park, Sung-Won Yoon Department of Materials Engineering, Korea Maritime
More informationEffects of unstable shoes on energy cost during treadmill walking at various speeds
Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2012) 11, 632-637 http://www.jssm.org Research article Effects of unstable shoes on energy cost during treadmill walking at various speeds Keiji Koyama 1, Hisashi
More informationCFD Analysis of the Anti-Surge Effects by Water Hammering
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS CFD Analysis of the Anti-Surge Effects by Water Hammering To cite this article: Tae-oh Kim et al 2015 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci.
More informationDiabetes and Orthoses. Rob Bradbury Talar Made
Diabetes and Orthoses Rob Bradbury Talar Made Diabetes High prevalence disease 4-6% in UK (over 2.5 mill diagnosed and a further 0.5 ) 6+% in USA 40% in some parts of Middle East (may be higher in Indian
More informationContents Introduction Wear Supportive Footwear Do Heat Therapy Do Cold Therapy Perform Restorative Exercises...
Contents Introduction... 3 1. Wear Supportive Footwear... 5 2. Do Heat Therapy... 6 3. Do Cold Therapy... 7 4. Perform Restorative Exercises... 7 5. Maintain Your Optimum BMI... 8 6. Wear Arch Support
More informationpremise that interdependent body systems (e.g. musculoskeletal, motor, sensory, and cognitive
APPENDIX 2 Motor Control Intervention Protocol The dynamic systems approach underlying motor control intervention is based on the premise that interdependent body systems (e.g. musculoskeletal, motor,
More informationG-EOL. Discover the simplicity of gait therapy intended for daily use
G-EOL Discover the simplicity of gait therapy intended for daily use Reha Technology a passion for robotic-assisted gait therapy For over 10 years, Reha Technology has been successfully developing innovative,
More informationRACER 3.0 SERIE SERIES YELLOW ANATOMIC GRIPS SHOE LAST SHOE NECK AIR SOLE STREAM AIR SYSTEM THE LUCK
RACER 3.0 RACER 3.0 AIR SYSTEM SHOE NECK SHOE LAST AIR SOLE STREAM ANATOMIC GRIPS THE LUCK SHOE TOE HEEL CUP SHOE TONGUE CLOSURE BUCKLE ARCO LUCK INSOLE SYNTHETIC SERIE 37-48 SERIES YELLOW RACER 3.0 AIR
More informationSample Solution for Problem 1.a
Sample Solution for Problem 1.a 1 Inverted Pendulum Model (IPM) 1.1 Equations of Motion and Ground Reaction Forces Figure 1: Scheme of the Inverted Pendulum Model (IPM). The equations of motion of this
More informationREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE
REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB NO. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions,
More informationImpact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo pilot study
Physical Activity Review vol. 4, 2016 Original Articles DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2016.04.07 Impact of target selection on front kick kinematics in taekwondo pilot study Authors' Contribution:
More informationA Study on the Distribution of the Peak Wind Pressure Coefficient for the Wind Resistant Design of Rooftop Hoardings in High-rise Buildings
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 11, Number 10 (2018), pp. 1583-1594 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com A Study on the Distribution
More informationA Novel Gear-shifting Strategy Used on Smart Bicycles
2012 International Conference on Industrial and Intelligent Information (ICIII 2012) IPCSIT vol.31 (2012) (2012) IACSIT Press, Singapore A Novel Gear-shifting Strategy Used on Smart Bicycles Tsung-Yin
More informationWALK YOUR WAY TO GREAT SHAPE
WALK YOUR WAY TO GREAT SHAPE The fun easy way to BURN Fat You only have to step out of your house and go for a walk to the corner shop and you are exercising. Of course depending on the distance that may
More informationChapter 13: Manual Handling
Chapter 13: Manual Handling Learning Outcomes: 1. Define the term manual handling, 2. Know the activities involve manual handling, 3. Know types of injuries caused by manual handling, 4. Know the risk
More informationGrip Force and Heart Rate Responses to Manual Carrying Tasks: Effects of Material, Weight, and Base Area of the Container
International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE) 2014, Vol. 20, No. 3, 377 383 Grip Force and Heart Rate Responses to Manual Carrying Tasks: Effects of Material, Weight, and Base Area
More informationA Pilot Study on Electromyographic Analysis of Single and Double Revolution Jumps in Figure Skating
Journal of Exercise Science and Physiotherapy, Vol. 5, No. 1: 14-19, 2009 A Pilot Study on Electromyographic Analysis of Single and Double Revolution Jumps in Figure Skating Taylor¹, C. L. and Psycharakis²,
More informationActivity Overview. Footprints In The Sand Inquiry MO-BILITY. Activity 2E. Activity Objectives: Activity Description: Activity Background: LESSON 2
Footprints In The Sand Inquiry Activity 2E Activity Objectives: Working in collaborative groups, students will be able to: assume assigned roles to complete a given task examine the various parts of the
More informationAvailable online at Prediction of energy efficient pedal forces in cycling using musculoskeletal simulation models
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Engineering 2 00 (2010) (2009) 3211 3215 000 000 Engineering www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia 8 th Conference of the International Sports Engineering Association
More informationRebound Air Walker. Introduction. Product Presentation
Rebound Air Walker Product Presentation Introduction The Rebound Air Walker features a host of details designed to provide added protection, superior compression, simplified application and usage, improved
More informationFigure 1 betois (bending torsion insole system) system with five measuring points and A/D- converter.
Bending and Torsional Moments - A new measuring system for gait analysis Nora Dawin & Annette Kerkhoff & Klaus Peikenkamp, University of Applied Sciences Münster, Germany Abstract The Laboratory of Biomechanics
More informationOutline. Biomechanics of Running. Biomechanics of Running 3/11/2011. Born to Run : A Biomechanical Analysis of Barefoot vs.
Born to Run : A Biomechanical Analysis of Barefoot vs. Shod Running Linfield College Alicia Amsberry, Brooke Bekkedahl, & Michelle Weber Outline The Biomechanics of Running Barefoot vs. Shod-Running Vibram
More informationTerion 1C10. Back on track. 1C10 Terion Ottobock 1
Terion 1C10 Back on track 1C10 Terion Ottobock 1 Terion Back on track There comes a time when you are ready to reclaim your daily routine with everything that goes with it including job, family and friends
More informationArch Height and Running Shoes: The Best Advice to Give Patients
Arch Height and Running Shoes: The Best Advice to Give Patients by Thomas C. Michaud, DC Published May 1, 2014 by Dynamic Chiropractic Magazine Because runners with different arch heights are prone to
More informationLIGHT 3.0 PROFESSIONAL AIR SOLE STREAM SERIE SERIES CARBON SOLE MATT WHITE CARBON SOLE VARNISH CARBON SOLE VARNISH WHITE ANATOMIC GRIPS
LIGHT 3.0 LIGHT 3.0 AIR SYSTEM SHOE NECK SHOE LAST AIR SOLE STREAM ANATOMIC GRIPS PROFESSIONAL AMATEUR THE LUCK SHOE TOE HEEL CUP SHOE TONGUE CLOSURE BUCKLE ARCO LUCK INSOLE SYNTHETIC 15 14 13 12 11 10
More informationStride Frequency, Body Fat Percentage, and the Amount of Knee Flexion Affect the Race Time of Male Cross Country Runners
Stride Frequency, Body Fat Percentage, and the Amount of Knee Flexion Affect the Race Time of Male Cross Country Runners Vineel Mallavarapu 1 and Kevin Finn 2 1 Cedar Falls High School, Cedar Falls, IA
More informationCharacteristics of ball impact on curve shot in soccer
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 60 (2013 ) 249 254 6 th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology (APCST) Characteristics of ball impact on curve shot in soccer Sungchan
More informationJoint Impact of Lower Extremities in Obese and Overweight Children. Jenny Patel and Benjamin Sweely Tickle College of Engineering November 16th, 2017
Joint Impact of Lower Extremities in Obese and Overweight Children Jenny Patel and Benjamin Sweely Tickle College of Engineering November 16th, 2017 Impact 340 Million Children Aged 5-19 in 2016 World
More informationGROUND REACTION FORCE DOMINANT VERSUS NON-DOMINANT SINGLE LEG STEP OFF
GROUND REACTION FORCE DOMINANT VERSUS NON-DOMINANT SINGLE LEG STEP OFF Sara Gharabaghli, Rebecca Krogstad, Sara Lynch, Sofia Saavedra, and Tamara Wright California State University, San Marcos, San Marcos,
More informationA COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE DESIGN OF AIRFOILS FOR A FIXED WING MAV AND THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE
28 TH INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES A COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE DESIGN OF AIRFOILS FOR A FIXED WING MAV AND THE AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTIC OF THE VEHICLE Jung-Hyun Kim*, Kyu-Hong
More informationTHE EFFECT OF BINDING POSITION ON KINETIC VARIABLES IN ALPINE SKIING
THE EFFECT OF BINDING POSITION ON KINETIC VARIABLES IN ALPINE SKIING H. SCHWAMEDER 1, B. M. NIGG 2, V. v. TSCHARNER 2, D. STEFANYSHYN 2 1 Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Salzburg 2 Human Performance
More informationAs a physiotherapist I see many runners in my practice,
When rubber meets road Mark Richardson reveals the story that our running shoes can tell us, and how it can help you avoid running injury at a glance This article: Shows you how to analyse the sole of
More informationWHO ARE WE? Eric Marriott Registered Physiotherapist Master of Physical Therapy, Bachelor of Human Kinetics
Capilano Golf Club May 26, 2014 WHO ARE WE? Dana Ranahan Registered Physiotherapist B.Sc., B.Sc.P.T., Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Manual and Manipulative Therapy (FCAMT), Diploma Sports Physiotherapy,
More informationASSISTED AND RESISTED METHODS FOR SPEED DEVELOPMENT (PART 1)
ASSISTED AND RESISTED METHODS FOR SPEED DEVELOPMENT (PART 1) By Adrian Faccioni Adrian Faccioni, a lecturer at the Centre of Sports Studies, University of Canberra, Australia, presents a detailed evaluation
More informationThe effects of a suspended-load backpack on gait
Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Publications Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering 2009 The effects of a suspended-load backpack on gait Xu Xu North Carolina State University
More informationDynamix Ankle Foot Orthoses Range
The Restyled Dynamix Ankle Foot Orthoses Range Supporting your wellbeing Product Range Introduction Index Product Range Introduction... 3 Puffin - Dynamix Supramalleolar... 4 Penguin - Dynamix Plantarflexion...
More informationControlling Walking Behavior of Passive Dynamic Walker utilizing Passive Joint Compliance
Controlling Walking Behavior of Passive Dynamic Walker utilizing Passive Joint Compliance Takashi TAKUMA, Koh HOSODA Department of Adaptive Machine Systems, Graduate School of Engineering Osaka University
More informationGOLF SPECIFIC DYNAMIC WARM UP
GOLF SPECIFIC DYNAMIC WARM UP Golf-related injury is common. The three most common areas injured include: 1. The back 2. The wrists, and 3. The elbows. A golf-specific dynamic warm-up is recommended by
More informationNew research that enhances our knowledge of foot mechanics as well as the effect of
The Tissue Stress Model: Justification based on Current Best Evidence New research that enhances our knowledge of foot mechanics as well as the effect of bone alignment on foot mobility during activity
More informationCOMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND BODY COMPOSITION VARIABLES AMONG WALKING TYPES ON TREADMILL
COMPARISON OF PHYSIOLOGICAL VARIABLES AND BODY COMPOSITION VARIABLES AMONG WALKING TYPES ON TREADMILL Lee, Hyungkook 1), Kim, Myungju 2) Sangmyung University 1) Seoul National University 2) Contact person:
More informationChapter 13: Manual Handling
Chapter 13: Manual Handling Learning Outcomes: After successful studying this chapter, You should be able to: 1. Define the term manual handling, 2. Know the activities involved in manual handling, 3.
More informationMuscles force and joints load simulation of bicycle riding using multibody models
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Procedia Engineering 13 (2011) 81 87 5 th Asia-Pacific Congress on Sports Technology (APCST) Muscles force and joints load simulation of bicycle riding using multibody
More information