ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET ÉTUDE ANNUELLE DU MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL EUROPÉEN DES FOOTBALLEURS

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET ÉTUDE ANNUELLE DU MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL EUROPÉEN DES FOOTBALLEURS"

Merilyn Cole
5 years ago
Views:

2 DEMOGRAPHY / DÉMOGRAPHIE ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET Raffaele Poli & Loïc Ravenel ÉTUDE ANNUELLE DU MARCHÉ DU TRAVAIL EUROPÉEN DES FOOTBALLEURS Copyright 8 CIES. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the prior written permission of the authors. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8

3 CONTENTS / SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION p. 7 DEMOGRAPHY / DÉMOGRAPHIE p. 5 TRAINING OF PLAYERS / FORMATION DES JOUEURS p. 7 INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT / RECRUTEMENT INTERNATIONAL p. 5 MOBILITY / MOBILITÉ p. 5 ANALYSIS / ANALYSES p. 67 ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8 5

4 HIGHLIGHTS The main results, presented here, will be examined in more detail in the various chapters that make up the study. Demography (pages 5 to 5) Average age 5.8 years The average age of players employed by the clubs in the top European leagues remains unchanged from the 6/7 season. The league with the oldest players is Italy s Serie A (6.5 years), while the clubs with the youngest players are found in France (4.7 years). Goalkeepers are by far the oldest players (7.7 years), with a maximum age of 8. years in England. Strikers, on the other hand, have an average age of only 4.9 years. The club of Le Mans UC carries off the prize for the youngest club (.6 years). 45% full international players Amongst the top European clubs, the percentage of national A-team players has never been so high as in 7/8. There has been a.% rise on the previous season figure. This finding confirms the domination of the five leagues in the world football economy. Today, one country in particular brings together the best players on the planet: England. The percentage of players with international experience in English clubs is 66.% (+4.%). Training (pages 7 to 4) % home-grown players The percentage of players having played at least three seasons between the ages of 5 and in the club employing them for the 7/8 season has never been so low. The fall compared to the previous season was.%. The percentage of matches contested by home-grown players also fell to 6.5% (-.%). French teams employ by far the most locally trained players (5.%). The percentage is only.7% for Italian clubs. 47 players trained by Real Madrid In the ranking of clubs having trained the most players under contract with teams in the top European leagues, various top clubs feature in the highest positions. At the head of the ranking is Real Madrid (47 players), followed by AS Monaco (), FC Metz () and FC Barcelona (). With the exception of FC Metz, the majority of players no longer play for their original team, having left to capitalize on their talent in other clubs, generally less successful ones. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8 9

5 HIGHLIGHTS International recruitment (pages 5 to 5) 4.4% foreign players The percentage of players having grown up in a different country to that of their club of employment in the 7/8 season reached a new record. There was a.6% increase compared to the preceding season. The most marked change was recorded in Italy (+7.5%). Foreigners represent more than half the players in English clubs (59.5%) and in the twenty-five clubs which hold a top-five position in their respective leagues (5.6%). 58 Brazilian players Brazil exports by far the largest number of talented players to the top European league clubs. Their numbers are up by 8 compared to last season. Two other countries export a large number of players: Argentina (98) and France (97). Together, these three countries alone provide % of foreign players. The number of Latin-Americans among foreign players has risen (from 7.9% to 9.9%) at the expense of those with other origins. The proportion of foreign players from outside Europe has now reached 5% (+.5%). Mobility (pages 5 to 66).9% of stable players The percentage of players employed in the same club for at least three seasons has fallen by.% compared with the previous season. The least stable teams are in Italy. The average period spent by players in Italian clubs is. years, whilst the average in Spain is.7 years. All the mobility indicators show that the frequency of club changes is rising. On average, clubs have recruited.8 players (+.4), with Italy holding the record (.4)..% international transfers The percentage of international transfers undertaken by players during their professional career has passed the % threshold for the first time (+.%). This result is another indicator showing the increasingly transnational nature of the player transfer market. The average number of countries that players pass through is also rising on a regular basis. Analysis (pages 67 to 79) The five most sustainable clubs Based on the sustainability criteria adopted (performance, stability, training, effectiveness in recruitment), five clubs can be identified as having the most sustainable squad management. AS Nancy-Lorraine owes this position above all to its ability to train and employ young players, and also to its effectiveness in recruitment (the only two transferred players hold key positions in the team). The four other teams at the top of the ranking are high level clubs: FC Barcelona, Arsenal FC, Manchester United and FC Bayern München. As well as being very competitive, these clubs, with the exception of Bayern, have a large number of locally trained players in their line-ups or recruit sufficiently young players for them to be considered as such. In the case of Manchester United, the stability of the team is also markedly above the norm, which compensates for the weakness of players recruited at the start of the season (new recruits played in few matches). ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8

6 DEMOGRAPHY / DÉMOGRAPHIE RANKINGS: Oldest clubs / Clubs les plus vieux Clubs are ranked according to the average age of their players at the start of the season. Les clubs sont classés d après l âge moyen des joueurs au début de la saison. Overall Average age of players Milan AC 9.9 Internazionale Milano FC 8.9 AS Livorno Fulham FC Levante UD Torino Calcio Wigan Athletic Portsmouth FC n.a. Real Valladolid 7.4 Country of the club Blackburn Rovers 7.4 England Italy France Spain Germany Highest increase in average age Movement within the ranking since 6-7 Variation AS Roma +. Stade Rennais FC +.46 FC Schalke AC Fiorentina AS Nancy-Lorraine +. Up Stable Down Italy Average age of players Milan AC 9.9 Internazionale Milano FC 8.9 AS Livorno Torino Calcio Calcio Catania 7.4 Spain Levante UD 7.7 Real Valladolid 7.4 Villarreal CF Recreativo Huelva Real Murcia 6.7 France Valenciennes FC 6.5 Olympique Lyonnais 6. OGC Nice AS Nancy-Lorraine SM Caen 5.6 Germany Arminia Bielefeld 7.9 VfL Bochum 7. Hannover FC Energie Cottbus MSV Duisburg 6.56 England Fulham FC 7.9 Wigan Athletic 7.56 Portsmouth FC Blackburn Rovers Bolton Wanderers 6.85 Milanese clubs hold the two top positions in the age ranking. Italian, English and Spanish teams occupy the top ten places. The leading French club, Valenciennes FC, only occupies th place. Nine Italian teams feature in the twenty clubs with the highest average player age. Another Italian club, AS Roma, has experienced the most pronounced aging in its squad. The ranking confirms the preference of Italian clubs for experienced players. Les clubs de la ville de Milan figurent aux deux premières places du classement des clubs les plus âgés. Les dix premières positions sont occupées par des équipes italiennes, anglaises et espagnoles. La première équipe française, Valenciennes FC, ne se situe qu à la trentième place. Neuf équipes italiennes figurent parmi les vingt clubs les plus âgés. Un autre club italien, l AS Roma, a connu le vieillissement de l effectif le plus prononcé. Ce classement confirme l intérêt des clubs italiens envers les joueurs expérimentés. ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8

INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT / RECRUTEMENT INTERNATIONAL POURCENTAGE DE JOUEURS ÉTRANGERS PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN PLAYERS A foreign player has been initially trained in a different federation than that of

Un joueur «étranger» a été initialement formé dans une fédération différente de celle du club où il joue.

7 INTERNATIONAL RECRUITMENT / RECRUTEMENT INTERNATIONAL POURCENTAGE DE JOUEURS ÉTRANGERS PERCENTAGE OF FOREIGN PLAYERS A foreign player has been initially trained in a different federation than that of the club he plays for. He has arrived in the country of the club that employs him within the framework of labour migration. Un joueur «étranger» a été initialement formé dans une fédération différente de celle du club où il joue. Il est arrivé dans le pays du club pour lequel il évolue dans le contexte d une migration professionnelle. % of foreign players The percentage of foreign players has increased strongly Le pourcentage de joueurs étrangers a fortement augmenté 6 (+.6%). Between 5/6 and 6/7, the rise was only (+,6 %). Entre 5/6 et 6/7, cet accroissement.4%. The stronger growth in the presence of foreign players shows that the internationalisation process in the professional n avait été que de,4 %. L accélération de la présence étrangère 5 montre que le processus d internationalisation du marché du 4.4 football transfer market is strengthening. An increase in the percentage of foreign players is a feature of all countries. This augmentation du pourcentage d étrangers a eu lieu dans tous les growth has been particularly noticeable in Italy (+7.5%) and in England (+4.%), while it has been weakest in France (+.%). travail des footballeurs professionnels tend à se renforcer. Une pays. Cet accroissement a été particulièrement prononcé en Italie (+7,5 %) et en Angleterre (+4, %), tandis qu il a été le plus faible en France (+, %). 5-6 Les clubs de Premier League réunissent de loin le plus grand pourcentage de joueurs étrangers. Les joueurs anglais ne représentent plus que 4,4 % de l ensemble des footballeurs employés. La proportion d étrangers est aussi relativement élevée en Allemagne, tandis qu elle est plus faible dans les pays latins. % of foreign players France Italy Spain 7-8 The Premier League teams bring together by far the largest percentage of foreign players. English players represent only 4.4% of all the footballers employed. The proportion of foreigners is also relatively high in Germany, whereas it is lowest in Latin countries. % of foreign players, by country Germany England All More than half of players signed by clubs finishing the season in the top five positions in their respective leagues are foreign. This percentage falls to 7.% for middle-ranked teams and rises slightly for the bottom-ranked teams. In France and in Germany, the teams having obtained the worst results have more foreign players than those teams with the best results. In these countries, the percentage of foreign players is negatively correlated with the performance of the clubs (see page 75). Plus de la moitié des joueurs employés par les clubs ayant terminé aux cinq premières places de leurs ligues respectives sont étrangers. Ce pourcentage descend à 7,% pour les équipes de mi-classement et remonte légèrement au niveau des clubs les moins bien classés. En France et en Allemagne, les équipes ayant obtenu les moins bons résultats regroupaient plus d étrangers que les équipes les mieux classées. Dans ces deux pays, le pourcentage d étrangers n est pas positivement corrélé aux performances des clubs (voir page 75). To depict this variable according to more criteria go to % of foreign players, by level % of foreign players Bottom All 7. Top Middle ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8 7

8 MOBILITY / MOBILITÉ RANKINGS: Most stable players / Joueurs les plus stables Players are ranked according to the number of seasons consecutively played as a professional in their 7-8 employer club. Les joueurs sont classés d après le nombre de saisons disputées consécutivement en tant que professionnel dans le club qui les a employés pendant la saison 7-8. Overall Length of stay Paolo Maldini (ITA) 4 Milan AC Ryan Giggs (ENG) 8 Manchester United Luis Carlos Cuartero (ESP) 6 Real Zaragoza Francesco Totti (ITA) 6 AS Roma 5 Alessandro Del Piero (ITA) 5 Juventus FC Gary Neville (ENG) 5 Manchester United Oka Nikolov (GER) 5 Eintracht Frankfurt Andreas Schmidt (GER) 5 Hertha BSC Berlin 9 Oliver Kahn (GER) 4 FC Bayern München Christian Fielder (GER) 4 Hertha BSC Berlin Raúl González (ESP) 4 Real Madrid Paul Scholes (ENG) 4 Manchester United Goalkeepers Length of stay Oka Nikolov (GER) 5 Oliver Kahn (GER) 4 Christian Fiedler (GER) 4 4 Bernd Dreher (GER) Jérémie Janot (FRA) Defenders Paolo Maldini (ITA) 4 Luis Carlos Cuartero (ESP) 6 Gary Neville (ENG) 5 4 Javier Zanetti (ARG) Midfielders Alberto Marcos Rey (ESP) Ryan Giggs (ENG) 8 Andreas Schmidt (GER) 5 Paul Scholes (ENG) 4 4 José Maria Guti (ESP) 5 Carsten Ramelow (GER).5 Forwards Francesco Totti (ITA) 6 Alessandro Del Piero (ITA) 5 Raúl González (ESP) 4 4 Joseba Etxeberria (ESP) 5 Raul Tamudo (ESP) 9 Gerald Asamoah (GER) 9 Sidney Govou (FRA) 9 Most stable foreign players Overall Length of stay Javier Zanetti (ARG) Internazionale Milano FC Mark Schwarzer (AUS).5 Middlesbrough FC Pal Dardai (HUN).5 Hertha BSC Berlin 4 Shay Given (IRL) Newcastle United Felix Ettien (CIV) Levante UD Paolo Maldini is the player who has spent by far the most seasons as a professional with the same club. The Italian defender has played only for Milan AC throughout his career. After having announced his retirement, he ultimately renewed his contract for a year. Amongst the players in the top ten places in the ranking, only Alessandro Del Piero (Calcio Padova 9 and Juventus FC) and Oliver Kahn (Karlsruher SC, FC Bayern München) have played in more than one professional club. Paolo Maldini est de loin le footballeur qui a effectué le plus de saisons consécutives en tant que professionnel dans le même club. Le défenseur italien n a connu qu une équipe au long de sa carrière. Après avoir annoncé sa retraite, il a finalement reconduit son contrat d une année. Parmi les joueurs classés aux dix premiers rangs, seuls Alessandro Del Piero (Calcio Padova 9 et Juventus FC) et Oliver Kahn (Karlsruher SC, FC Bayern München) ont joué dans plus d un club professionnel. 56 ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8

9 ANALYSIS / ANALYSES AVERAGE STAY / PERMANENCE MOYENNE Statistical relationship between the average number of points per match and the average stay. Relation statistique entre le nombre moyen de points par match et la permanence moyenne. ALL R =.4 ENGLAND R =.9 ITALY R =.4 Points per match FRANCE R =.9 SPAIN R =. 4 5 Average stay The average stay of players in a club squad is strongly correlated to results. The strength of the relationship has increased compared to the 6/7 season (R=.9). The link between these two variables is significant everywhere except Spain, where squad stability does not explain club performance. The good performance of teams that are very active in the transfer market (Villarreal CF, Atlético Madrid) and the difficulties encountered by more stable teams (CA Osasuna) explain this result. GERMANY 4 5 R = La durée de permanence moyenne des joueurs dans l effectif des clubs est fortement corrélée aux résultats. L intensité de la relation s est accrue par rapport à la saison 6/7 (R=.9). Le lien entre ces deux variables est significatif partout, sauf en Espagne où la stabilité de l effectif n explique pas les résultats des clubs. Les bonnes performances d équipes très actives sur le marché des transferts (Villarreal CF, Atlético Madrid) et les difficultés rencontrées par des équipes plus stables (CA Osasuna) expliquent ce résultat ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE EUROPEAN FOOTBALL PLAYERS LABOUR MARKET 8

Annual Review of the european football

Annual Review of the european football players labour market Raffaele Poli, Loïc Ravenel & Roger Besson 2011 With the collaboration of Andrea Pessina and Giambattista Rossi Copyright 2011 CIES Football