Holy Roman Empire. Contents. Army Lists

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2 Holy Roman Empire Contents Army Lists

3 Creating an army with the Mortem et Gloriam Army Lists

4 Historical Introduction

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6 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1029 AD to 1150 AD SubGenerals 01 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 13 Any Instinctive Camp Unfortified; Poor, or Superior Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Contadini knights and Charging Superior Dismountable sergeants Lancer 8 Communal knights and Charging 4 4, Dismountable sergeants Lancer 12 12,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 48 0,8 Mercenary spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall 12 Mercenary crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8,8 Contadini spearmen Poor Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 48 Crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 1 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Notes Knights and sergeants dismount as,, Short Spear, Sheildwall of the same grade. Historical Notes Type Training and Early Communal Italian Quality Protection Shooting Skill Melee During this period many urban Italian Republics established their autonomy by taking advantage of the disputes between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperor. Communes supporting the Pope became known as "Guelfs", those supporting the Emperor as "Ghibellines". Smaller towns tended to protect their independence by taking the opposite side to their larger neighbours. Troop Notes A Superior camp represents a Carroccio and its guard. UG Size

7 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1049 AD to 1320 AD SubGenerals 01 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified; Poor, or Superior Name Feudal knights (before 1150 AD) Contadini knights Superior Fully Armoured Contadini sergeants Superior Swabians (before 1072 AD) Dismount Swabians Mercenary knights (from 1198 AD) French mercenary knights (from 1250 AD) German mercenary knights (from 1250 AD) Mercenary spearmen Mercenary crossbowmen Type Training and Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants (from 1150 AD) Quality Superior Papal Italian Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Charging 4 4, Dismountable Lancer 12 Charging 2 4, Melee Expert Lancer Charging 2 Melee Expert Lancer Poor Superior Superior Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Short Spear Melee Expert 12 Short Spear Melee Expert Any Devastating Charging 0 4 Chargers, Melee Expert Lancer Dismountable 4 Charging Devastating Melee Expert Lancer Chargers Charging Dismountable Lancer 10 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 UG Size

8 Papal Italian 0,8 Roman militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 18 Allies Early Italian Communal Allies up to 3 contingents (until 1150 AD) Italian Communal Allies up to 3 contingents (from 1151 AD) Norman allies (before 1072 AD) Imperialist allies Early Imperial German (before 1072 AD) Byzantine allies Late Nikephorian Byzantine (before 1072 AD) Lombard allies (before 1072 AD) Norman Sicilian allies (from 1072 AD) Notes Mercenary knights before 1150 dismount as, Superior,, Short Spear. Knights from 1150 dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Norman allies cannot be used with Imperialist, Byzantine or Lombard allies. Historical Notes This list covers the period from the accession of Leo IX until the rise of the condottieri.

9 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1072 AD to 12 AD SubGenerals 02 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 02 Any Instinctive Camp Unfortified; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Norman knights (before Charging Devastating 4, Melee Expert 1150 AD) Lancer Chargers 12 Best Norman knights (before Charging Devastating Superior Melee Expert 1150 AD) Lancer Chargers 8 Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants (only after 1150 AD) Charging 3 4, Feudal knights Superior Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer 9 Charging 3 Feudal sergeants Superior Melee Expert Lancer 9 Communal mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants (only after 1150 AD) Communal knights Communal sergeants Type Training and Quality Norman Sicilian Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee Charging Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 4 German or Lombard Charging 4 4, mercenary knights (from Fully Armoured 121 AD) Lancer 12 Militia spearmen 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 12 Crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 8 UG Size

10 Norman Sicilian Saracen archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 32 Upgrade Saracen archers Unprotected Combat Shy (from 121 AD) Bow Any,9 Saracen javelinmen Short Spear Melee Expert Javelin 9 0,8,9 Griffons (before 1194 AD) Short Spear 18 Unskilled 0 8,9,10 Arriereban Poor Unprotected Short Spear Javelin 20 Berber cavalry (from 1075 Experienced Unprotected Short Spear Cantabrian AD) Javelin 8 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 24 Notes An allied general can only command feudal knights or arriereban. Historical Notes This covers Sicily from Norman conquest until the conquest of Charles of Anjou in 12.. In 1197 the German emperors of the Hohenstaufen line inherited the kingdom of Sicily. The death of the German emperor Frederick II of Hohenstaufen in 1250 resulted in his legitimate heir, Conradin, in southern Germany, and Sicily under the rule of Conradin's uncle, Manfred of Sicily, the illegitimate son of Frederick II. Manfred's rule in Sicily was at first de facto at times along with his legitimate halfbrother, Conrad IV, at other times as regent for Conradin but in 1257 Manfred simply declared himself king, despite Conradin's claim to the kingdom, purportedly because of rumors of Conradin's death. Troop Notes Experience fighting horse archers both for and against the Byzantines encouraged the adoption of full mail armour. The Saracens from whom the Normans took Sicily became loyal troops.

11 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1100 AD to 1308 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Instinctive (before 1302 AD) Terrain Plains Internal Allied Generals 03 Any Instinctive (from 1302 AD) Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Knights Upgrade knights (from 1150 AD) Gentry Hospitaller knights Horse archers Szekeley borderers Spearmen Archers Scouts Bisseni (only until 1150 AD) Skirmishing archers Type Training and Formed Flexible Formed Flexible Tribal Close Quality Hungarian Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Superior Superior Superior Superior Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Charging 4 4, Melee Expert Lancer 12 Charging 4, Melee Expert Lancer All Unskilled Charging Bow Lancer 12 Charging Devastating 0 4 Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 4 Experienced 12 4, Bow 44 Experienced Short Spear Bow 12 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 24 Combat Shy Bow 8 Experienced Combat Shy Bow 12 Experienced 4, Combat Shy Bow 18 Combat Shy Bow 12 UG Size

12 Hungarian Croat contingent Charging Croat cavalry Superior Melee Expert Lancer 0,8 Croat axemen 2H CutCrush 8 8,8 Croat spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy Tribal Close 1 Experienced,9 Croat archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Allies Cuman allies Cuman or Kipchak (from 1238 AD) Notes A Croat contingent must be commanded by their own subgeneral. Historical Notes During the 12th and 13th centuries Hungary was ruled by the Arpad dynasty. Due to extensive silver mines, the kingdom was wealthy at this time. In 1195, King Béla III expanded the Hungarian kingdom southward and westward to Bosnia and Dalmatia and extended suzerainty over Serbia, a process that helped to break up the Byzantine Empire and diminish its influence in the Balkan region. In 1211 King Andrew II granted Burzenland to the Tuetonic knights, but in 1225 expelled them from Transylvania. Andrew led the largest royal army in history during the fifth crusade. In 1241 to 1242, the kingdom of Hungary suffered a major blow in the wake of the Mongol invasion of Europe. As a result of the Mongols, some 40,000 Cumans sought sanctuary in Hungary. In response to the Mongol invasion, the King built hundreds of stone castles. This overstretched the Royal finances and weakened the power of the king but was successful in repelling the second Mongol invasion of 128 and provide useful in fighting the Ottomans. At the death of Andrew III in 1301 the House of Arpad ended. A civil war lasted seven years as various claimants fought for the throne.

13 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 110 AD to 1151 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Instinctive Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Best knights (before 1150 AD) Knights (before 1150 AD) Mercenaries with swords or axes Mercenary crossbowmen Mercenary spearmen Militia crossbowmen Militia spearmen Fussknechte Heerban and feudal retainers Skirmishing crossbowmen Skirmishing archers Type Training and Tribal Close Tribal Close Early Imperial German Quality Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Superior Poor Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Devastating Melee Expert, Short Spear Chargers Dismountable 1 Devastating Melee Expert, 8 4, Short Spear Chargers Dismountable 24 0,8 Melee Expert 1 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall 8 Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 1 0,8,9 Melee Expert 9 0 8,9,10 Short Spear Combat Shy 20 Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Combat Shy Bow 18

14 Only in Italy Contadini knights Communal knights Italian militia spearmen Italian contadini spearmen Allies Early Imperial German Unreliable Feudal or Ecclesiastical allies Feudal German Italian allies Early Communal Italian Hungarian allies (only in 1278 AD) Notes Knights and sergeants dismount as,, Short Spear, Sheildwall of the same grade. Historical Notes Superior Poor Charging Dismountable Lancer Charging Dismountable Lancer 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 This list covers Imperial German armies before Frederick I Barbarossa. A king called only become Emperor if crowned by the Pope. In reality the Empire was an alliance of separate states. Imperial armies often contained feudal or ecclesiastical contingents. Raising imperial troops meant obtaining approval from the Imperial Diet or parliament. This was a painfully difficult process and few Emperors exerted enough power to bring the states into line. Heinrich (Henry) V became Holy Roman Emperor in 110. In 1122 Pope Callixtus II and Emperor Henry V agreed the Concordat of Worms. This differentiated between the royal and spiritual powers resulting in a largely independent church and weakening the power of the Emperor.

15 Feudal German Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 110 AD to 1340 AD SubGenerals 02 Any Instinctive Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Type Training and Quality Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Best knights (before 1150 Devastating Melee Expert, Superior Short Spear AD) Chargers Dismountable 1 Knights (before 1150 AD) Devastating Melee Expert, 4, Short Spear Chargers Dismountable 24 Best knights (from 1150 AD) Charging Devastating Superior Fully Armoured Dismountable Lancer Chargers Knights (from 1150 AD) Charging Devastating 4, Fully Armoured Dismountable Lancer Chargers 24 Mounted crossbowmen Unskilled Melee Expert (from 1200 AD) Crossbow Mercenary spearmen (from 0,8 Long Spear 1250 AD) 8 Mercenary crossbowmen Combat Shy (from 1250 AD) Crossbow 8 Feudal spearmen,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 32 Feudal crossbowmen Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 24 Fussknechte 0,8,9 Melee Expert Tribal Close 18 Heerban and feudal retainers 0 8,9,10 Poor Unprotected Short Spear Combat Shy Tribal Close 20 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 UG Size

16 Feudal German Only Northern, Central and Western Germany Devastating 0,8 Frisian or similar spearmen Long Spear Chargers, Combat Shy 12 Brabanter mercenaries (from 0,8 Long Spear 1150 to 1250 AD) 8 Only Southern or Eastern Germany 0 Swabian or Bavarian foot 2H CutCrush Slav foot Unprotected Short Spear Javelin 24 Horse archers (from 1150 Experienced Unprotected Combat Shy AD) Bow 12 Allies Feudal allies Medieval Feudal German Frisian allies Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen Danish Leidang allies (from 1147 to 110 AD) Polish allies (from 1147 to 1227 AD) Notes Knights before 1150 dismount as, Superior,, Short Spear. Knights from 1150 dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Only Northern, Central and Western Germans may have Hanseatic League, Frisian, Danish or Polish allies. Historical Notes This list covers the armies of the major autonomous states and dynasties that constituted the German Empire. Strictly Germany did not follow feudalism. Unlike the princes of the church, lay princes were not obliged to provide troops to the Emperor. Some lords expanded into Slavic areas and in this way Silesia and Pomeria were added to the Empire. The largest battles occurred when two alliances elected opposing kings. This was especially true during the interregnum from 1254 to Troop Notes Ministeriales were originally unfree Milites owning no land. By the mid13th century their status had increased to become part of the nobility. Most troops were raised on a feudal basis from estates and unfree cities. Ecclestical allies were often used. Alliances with free imperial cities were rarer. The use of mercenaries was initially rare, but increased during the interregnum.

17 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1150 AD to 1500 AD SubGenerals 02 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal Internal Allied Generals 01 Any Instinctive Camp Unfortified; Poor or Name Gentry Spearmen (before 1420 AD) Downgrade spearmen (before 1420 AD) Spearmen (from 1420 AD) Javelinmen (before 1350 AD) Javelinmen (from 1350 AD) Archers Axe or flailmen Mercenary axemen Crossbowmen Mercenary spearmen (before 1250 AD) Mercenary spearmen (from 1250 AD) Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen Type Training and Quality Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Devastating Melee Expert, Short Spear Chargers Dismountable Devastating 32,8,9 Long Spear Chargers, Combat Shy 9 Devastating 1/3,8,9 Unprotected Long Spear Chargers, Combat Shy 1/2 Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected 32,8,9 Long Spear 9,9 Short Spear Javelin 24,9 Short Spear Javelin 12 Combat Shy Bow 8 0,8,9 2H CutCrush Combat Shy 9 0,8 Melee Expert 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall 8 0,8 Long Spear 8

18 Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen Landsknechts (after Pike Shove AD) 8 * see 0 Halberdiers (after 1480 AD) Polearm note Drilled Flexible 4 Javelinmen (before 1350 AD) Short Spear Javelin 27 Javelinmen (from 1350 AD) Short Spear Javelin 12 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 12 Replace crossbowmen with handgunners (from 1450 Combat Shy AD) Firearm 9 Guns (after 1420 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Cannons (after 1480 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Allies Danish Leidang allies Early Medieval Scandinavian (from 1148 to 1227 AD) German allies Feudal German (until 1320 AD) German allies Medieval German (until 1320 AD)

19 Notes Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen Gentry dismount as spearmen. Unprotected spearmen may be in a mixed TuG with protected spearmen. Unprotected bases must be easily distinguished from protected bases. All infantry TuGs may choose the Obstacles characteristic. * TuGs of may be formed comprising one files of 4 Pikes and 2 Halberdiers which can be placed 2 one one side or 1 each either side of the pikes. SPECIAL RULE: Pikes may not be charged in the flank on a side with a halberdier in position. Even if a side edge of a Pike is contacted as long as there is a halberdier in the neighbouring file then that enemy fights the Halberdiers frontally instead. This special rule must be notified to the opponent when they are deployed. Historical Notes This list covers the Medieval Frisians, the Stedinger and the Dithmarschen. Frisia was full of ditches and marshland and proved very difficult for outsiders to conquer. The Count of Holland captured West Frisia by establishing Castles at strategic points. Frisians often fought amongst themselves. Troop Notes Frisian warriors are always describe as impetuous, seldom standing in defence. This ceased during the 15th century. They carried a long spear with a fork to enable them to cross ditches by vaulting.

20 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1151 AD to 1320 AD SubGenerals 01 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 13 Any Instinctive Camp Unfortified; Poor, or Superior Name Contadini mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Contadini knights Superior Fully Armoured Contadini sergeants Superior Communal mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Communal knights Communal sergeants Type Training and Later Communal Italian Quality Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Charging Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 2 4, Melee Expert Lancer Charging 2 Melee Expert Lancer Mercenary knights (from Devastating Charging Fully Armoured Chargers, Melee Expert 1200 AD) Lancer Dismountable 12 Unskilled 0 4 Mounted crossbowmen Melee Expert Crossbow 4 Popolo spearmen (from Superior Short Spear Shieldwall AD) 12,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 48 Replace militia spearmen Experienced,8 with javelinmen (from 1200 Short Spear Combat Shy AD) Javelin Up to half UG Size

21 Later Communal Italian Crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 1 Upgrade crossbowmen with Short Spear Pavise Combat Shy pavisiers (from 1200 AD) Crossbow 8,8 Contadini spearmen Poor Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 48 0,8 Mercenary spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall 12 Mercenary crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Notes Mercenary knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Historical Notes The Lombard League was formed in about 117 to counter Emperor Freiderich I Barbarossa. It also opposed Freiderich II before being dissolved in Members included Milan, Piacenza, Cremona, Mantua, Bergamo, Brescia, Bologna, Padua, Treviso, Vicenza, Venice, Verona, Lodi and Parma. Troop Notes A superior camp represents the Carroccio and its defenders.

22 Army Commander 1 Any Dates 1152 AD to 1340 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Best knights Knights Teutonic knights (from 122 AD) Mounted crossbowmen (from 1200 AD) Mercenary spearmen (before 1250 AD) Mercenary spearmen (from 1250 AD) Mercenary crossbowmen Brabanter or similar mercenaries Militia or feudal spearmen Militia or feudal crossbowmen Fussknechte Heerban and feudal retainers Type Training and Tribal Close Tribal Close Quality Imperial German Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Superior Superior Poor Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Unprotected Charging Devastating Dismountable Lancer Chargers Charging Devastating 8 4, Dismountable Lancer Chargers 30 Charging Devastating 0 4 Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 4 Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow 8 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall 8 0,8 Long Spear 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 0,8 Long Spear 8,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 1 Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 0,8,9 Melee Expert ,9,10 Short Spear Combat Shy 20

23 Imperial German Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Only in Italy Contadini mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Contadini knights Superior Fully Armoured Contadini sergeants Superior Communal mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Communal knights Fully Armoured Communal sergeants Militia spearmen Contadini spearmen Swabian schwerteknechte Allies Notes Unreliable Feudal or Ecclesiastical allies Feudal German Italian allies Later Communal Italian Knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Charging Melee Expert Lancer 3 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 3 Charging Melee Expert Lancer 3 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 3 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 Poor 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 2H CutCrush

24 Historical Notes Imperial German This list covers Imperial German armies from 1150 to In 1152 Friederich I "Barbarossa" came to the throne. His rule started a period of prosperity. He reestablished the Roman rule of law that counterbalanced the papal pwer that dominated the German states since the Concordat of Worms. As well as being crowned Roman Emperor in 1155, he was King of Italy and in 1178 King of Burgundy. He died in 1190 in Asia Minor while leading an army in the Third Crusade. His son Henry VI seized Norman lower Italy and Sicily in In 1198 two opposing kings were elected and fought over the crown until In 1215 Friederich II overcame resistance and seized the crown. He was crowned Emperor in The papacy felt his rule of Germany and attempts to strengthen control of Sicily was a threat. In 1228 he went on Crusade and seized Jerusalem from the Egyptian Sultan without shedding blood. He attempted to control northern Italy with limited success and in order to do so granted many privileges in Germany which weakened the Imperial position. Between 1254 and 1273 there was no king. Burgundy came under French influence and much of Italy freed itself from German rule. The decline was only partly reversed by Henry VII who came to the throne in Between 1314 and 1322 the Empire was contested until Louis IV emerged victorious. He however was in dispute with the Pope and had to have himself crowned as Holy Roman Empereor by a senator in This led to the declaration at Rhense in 1338 by six electors to the effect that election by all or the majority of the electors automatically conferred the royal title and rule over the empire, without papal confirmation. The difficulties in electing the king eventually led to the emergence of a fixed college of princeelectors (Kurfürsten), whose composition and procedures were set forth in the Golden Bull of 135. The emperor now was to be elected by a majority rather than by consent of all seven electors. For electors the title became hereditary.

25 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 12 AD to 1320 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Charging Devastating Best knights Superior Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers Devastating 0 Best sergeants Superior Fully Armoured Melee Expert Chargers Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Knights Sergeants Type Training and Quality Angevin Sicilian Protection Shooting Skill Melee Fully Armoured Charging 4 4, Melee Expert Lancer 12 4 Melee Expert 12 Charging Separate sergeants Melee Expert Lancer 8,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 1 Crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Saracen archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 8 Genoese or mercenary Combat Shy crossbowmen Crossbow 8 Unskilled 0 8,9,10 Arriereban Poor Unprotected Short Spear Javelin 20 UG Size

26 Angevin Sicilian Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 Allies Milanese or other Italian allies Later Communal Italian Historical Notes This list covers the armies of Charles of Anjou and his successors from the conquest of Sicily in 12. Sicily was lost to the Aragonese but peace in 1302 left Naples in Angevin hands. The mainland part was contemporaneously called the Kingdom of Sicily but is known to modern scholarship as the Kingdom of Naples.

27 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 128 AD to 128 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Instinctive Terrain Standard Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Best knights Superior Fully Armoured Knights Fully Armoured Contadini mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Italian and Sicilian knights Superior Fully Armoured Italian and Sicilian sergeants Superior Communal mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Communal knights Communal sergeants Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Charging Devastating Dismountable Lancer Chargers Charging Devastating 4, Dismountable Lancer Chargers 1 Charging Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 2 4, Melee Expert Lancer Charging 2 Melee Expert Lancer Castillian knights Charging Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer 4 Castillian sergeants 0 Melee Expert 4 Mercenary spearmen Mercenary crossbowmen Type Training and Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Hohenstaufen German Quality Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee 0,8 Long Spear 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 UG Size

28 Hohenstaufen German Feudal spearmen 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 Feudal crossbowmen Unskilled 0,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Jinettes Experienced Unprotected Short Spear Cantabrian Javelin Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 Notes Knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Historical Notes In 1257 Manfred had declared himself king of Sicily. Pope Clement IV, determined to check the growing power of Manfred. He excommunicated him and encouraged Charles of Anjou to invade Italy. Charles defeated Manfred at the Battle of Benevento in 12 and captured the Kingdom of Sicily. Manfred's 1 year old nephew Canradin invaded Italy supported by Tuscan Ghibellines. Conradin's army included Spanish knights. After considerable maneuver, Conradin's invading army confronted that of Charles of Anjou outside the town of Tagliacozzo. Conradin's forces won the initial phase of the battle, and broke up to pursue Charles's first two divisions, which were in flight, and pillage the Angevin camp. At this point Charles sprung his trap, his hidden reserve forces entering the fight and massacring Conradin's scattered forces. Conradin was forced to flee back to Rome, but was later captured, imprisoned, and executed. This ended the rule of the Hohenstaufens. Constance of Sicily, eldest daughter of Manfred had married Peter III of Aragon in 122. She became heir to the kingdom of Sicily. This led to the Aragonese invasion of Sicily in 1282 and its capture from Charles of Anjou.

29 Army Commander 1 Any Instinctive Dates 1282 AD to 1442 AD SubGenerals 13 Any Instinctive Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified; Poor or Name Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Feudal knights Superior Fully Armoured Feudal sergeants Superior Communal mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Communal knights Communal sergeants Type Training and Quality Aragonese Sicilian Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Charging 3 4, Melee Expert Lancer 9 Charging 3 Melee Expert Lancer 9 Charging Melee Expert Lancer 4 Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer 4 Devastating Charging Mercenary knights Fully Armoured Chargers, Melee Expert Lancer Dismountable,8,9 Almughavars Unprotected Impact Weapon Melee Expert Formed Flexible 3 Regrade almughavars (from Unprotected Impact Weapon Melee Expert 1292 AD) Drilled Flexible All 0,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 12 Crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Upgrade crossbowmen with Experienced Short Spear Pavise Combat Shy pavisiers Crossbow All or none UG Size

30 Aragonese Sicilian Unskilled 0 8,9,10 Arriereban Poor Unprotected Short Spear Javelin 20 Experienced 4 4, Aragonese cavalry Unprotected Short Spear Cantabrian Javelin 8 Experienced Berber cavalry Unprotected Short Spear Cantabrian Javelin 8 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 18 Notes Mercenary knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Historical Notes This list covers Sicily from the revolt in 1282 AD which led to the War of Sicilian Vespers until the union with Naples in It excludes the mainland remnant of the "Kingdom of Sicily" which is covered by the Angevin Sicilian list and then by the Italian Condotta list. Growing opposition to French officialdom and high taxation led to the insurrection which was successful with the support of Peter III of Aragon, who was crowned King of Sicily by the island's barons. Charles, duke of Anjou continued to rule the mainland part. The separate island kingdom became known as the Kingdom of Trinacria. For the whole of the 14th century, Sicily was essentially an independent kingdom, ruled by relatives of the kings of Aragon.

31 Army Commander 1 Any Dates 1300 AD to 1440 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Terrain Coastal, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 01 Any Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Knights Konstafler Mounted crossbowmen Mercenary and good quality spearmen Militia spearmen Mercenary crossbowmen City or milita crossbowmen Fussknechte Regrade fusskhechte as halberdiers (from 1400 AD) Heerban Skirmishing archers Type Training and Tribal Close Tribal Close Medieval German City League Quality Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Poor Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Unprotected Unprotected Charging Devastating Dismountable Lancer Chargers Charging Dismountable Lancer Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow 0,8 Long Spear 24,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 32 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 0,8,9 Melee Expert 18,8 Polearm All 0 8,9,10 Short Spear Combat Shy 10 Combat Shy Bow 27

32 Medieval German City League Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 12 Replace crossbowmen with handgunners (from 1375 Combat Shy AD) Firearm 9 Guns (from 1340 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Cannons (from 1380 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 War Wagons (after 142 AD) BATTLE WAGONS Unskilled 0 4 Polearm Crossbow 4 Only Hanseatic League Devastating 0,8 Frisian or similar spearmen Long Spear Chargers, Combat Shy 12 Frisian javelinmen Experienced 0 Short Spear Javelin Marines 0,8 Short Spear 8 Only Swabian League Bidenhander 2H CutCrush Allies Feudal allies Medieval Feudal German Lithuanian allies (only Hanseatic League from 1298 to 1330 AD) Frisian allies Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen (only Hanseatic League) Swiss allies Early Swiss (only Swabian League from 1385 to 1388 AD)

33 Notes Historical Notes Medieval German City League Knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. The Hanseatic League may not choose Mountains terrrain and the Swabian League may not choose Coastal terrain. Only one external ally may be taken. From 1100, new towns were founded around imperial strongholds, castles, bishops' palaces, and monasteries. The towns began to establish municipal rights and liberties first developed by Otto I and based on Flemish law. The Hanseatic League grew from a few North German towns in the late 1100s and came to dominate Baltic maritime trade. Between 131 and 1370, the Hanseatic League waged war against Denmark. Initially unsuccessful, in 138 the League allied with the Confederation of Cologne to sack Copenhagen and Helsingborg. In the peace treaty of Stralsund in 1370 they forced Valdemar IV, King of Denmark, and his soninlaw Haakon VI, King of Norway, to grant the league 15% of the profits from Danish trade. This favourable treaty marked the height of Hanseatic power. After the DanishHanseatic War ( ) and the Bombardment of Copenhagen (1428), the commercial privileges were renewed in the Treaty of Vordingborg in The first Swabian League was formed in 1331 by 22 imperial cities. They were defeated by Count Eberhard II of Württemberg in 1372 and a new league of 14 cities fromed in 137. They were joined by cities in the Franconian heartland and by 1385 included 32 cities. In 1388 they were defeated at Döffingen. The next year the city league was disbanded.

34 Army Commander 1 Any Professional Dates 1321 AD to 1420 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Professional Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified; Poor, or Superior Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 condottieri and 1/2 coustilliers Charging Devastating 4, Condottieri Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 12 Devastating 0 Coustilliers Melee Expert Chargers 12 Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants (Naples only) Feudal knights Feudal sergeants Type Training and Early Italian Condotta Quality Superior Superior Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee Charging Melee Expert Lancer Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer Hungarians (Papacy, Naples Experienced or Florence only) Formed Flexible Bow Guard spearmen (Papacy or 0 4 Superior Short Spear Shieldwall Naples only) 4 9,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 Crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Mercenary crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Upgrade mercenaries with Experienced 0 Pavise pavises Crossbow All UG Size

35 Early Italian Condotta Experienced 0 Javelinmen Short Spear Javelin Replace javelinmen with 0 Melee Expert swordsmen All Unskilled 0 Armed peasants Poor Unprotected Short Spear Javelin Unskilled Mounted crossbowmen Melee Expert Crossbow 10 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Guns Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Cannons (from 1350 AD) Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Allies Italian allies Early Italian Condotta up to 2 contingents Free Company allies (any except Sienna) Hungarian allies (Padua in 1373 AD) Notes Any 4 infantry TuGs may choose the Barricades characteristic. Historical Notes In the 14th century, Northern Italy and upper Central Italy were divided into a number of warring citystates, the most powerful being Milan, Florence, Pisa, Siena, Genoa, Ferrara, Mantua, Verona and Venice. Keeping both direct Church control and Imperial power at arms length, the many independent city states prospered through commerce. Italy saw the rise of numerous Maritime Republics, the most notable being Venice, Genoa, Pisa and Amalfi. Venice and Genoa soon became Europe's main gateways to trade with the East. The Italian trade routes that covered the Mediterranean and beyond were major conduits of culture and knowledge. The citystates of Italy expanded greatly during this period and grew in power to become de facto fully independent of the Holy Roman Empire. The Black Death in 1348 inflicted a terrible blow to Italy, killing perhaps one third of the population. The recovery from the demographic and economic disaster led to a resurgence of cities, trade and economy that was to lead to the Renaissance.

36 Troop Notes Early Italian Condotta On land, these wars were primarily fought by armies of mercenaries known as condottieri, bands of soldiers drawn from around Europe, but especially Germany and Switzerland, led largely by Italian captains. The mercenaries were not willing to risk their lives unduly, and war became one largely of sieges and maneuvering, occasioning few pitched battles. It was also in the interest of mercenaries on both sides to prolong any conflict, to continue their employment. Mercenaries were also a constant threat to their employers; if not paid, they often turned on their patron; this happened on several occasions. A superior camp can represent the Carroccio and its defenders.

37 Army Commander 1 Any Dates 1341 AD to 1440 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 01 Any Camp Unfortified or Flexible; Poor or Name Best knights Knights Teutonic knights (only Imperial armies) Mounted crossbowmen Militia spearmen Milita crossbowmen Mercenary crossbowmen Mercenary spearmen Bidenhander Fussknechte Heerban and feudal retainers Type Training and Tribal Close Tribal Close Quality Medieval German Protection Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Superior Superior Poor Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Fully Armoured Unprotected Charging Devastating Dismountable Lancer Chargers Charging Devastating 4, Dismountable Lancer Chargers 24 Charging Devastating 0 4 Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 4 Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow 8,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy 8 Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 0,8 Long Spear 8 2H CutCrush 0,8,9 Melee Expert ,9,10 Short Spear Combat Shy 20

38 Medieval German Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 12 Replace crossbowmen with handgunners (from 1400 Combat Shy AD) Firearm 9 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 12 Guns ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Cannons (from 1380 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 War Wagons (from 142 BATTLE WAGONS Unskilled 0 4 Polearm AD) Crossbow 8 Allies Hanseatic League allies Medieval German City League Frisian allies Medieval Frisian or Dithmarschen Swiss allies Early Swiss (only Bavarian lords in 1323 AD) Paduan allies Early Italian Condotta (only in 1401 AD) Notes Knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. Hanseatic League or Frisian allies may not be taken with Swiss or Italian allies or horse archers. Historical Notes This list covers the armies of the major autonomous states and dynasties that constituted the German Empire from 1320 AD. The kings of the 15th century starting with Sigismund of Luxemburg king 1410, emperor 1433 to 1437 tended to neglect the empire and focus on their own lands. Simultaneously, the Catholic Church experienced crises of its own, with several papal claimants. Troop Notes During this period there was little to distinguish Imperial armies from the armies of the other powerful Lords.

39 Army Commander 1 Any Professional Dates 1421 AD to 1494 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Professional Terrain Coastal, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 condottieri and 1/2 coustilliers Charging Devastating 4, Condottieri Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 12 Devastating 0 Coustilliers Melee Expert Chargers 12 Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 knights and 1/2 sergeants Feudal knights Feudal sergeants Type Training and Quality Superior Superior Kingdom of Naples Protection Fully Armoured Shooting Skill Melee Charging Melee Expert Lancer Charging 0 Melee Expert Lancer Unskilled Mounted crossbowmen Melee Expert Crossbow 12 Experienced Hungarians (until 1440 AD) Formed Flexible Bow 0 4 Guard spearmen Superior Short Spear Shieldwall 4 0,8 Militia spearmen Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy Mercenary pikemen Pike Shove 8 Crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 UG Size

40 Kingdom of Naples Mercenary crossbowmen Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Upgrade mercenaries with Experienced,8 Pavise pavises Crossbow All or none Experienced 0 Javelinmen Short Spear Javelin Replace javelinmen with 0 Melee Expert swordsmen All Experienced Cantabrian, Turks Unprotected Bow Combat Shy Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 27 Archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Handgunners Combat Shy Firearm 9 ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Guns Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Cannons Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Allies Italian allies Italian Condotta Historical Notes This list covers the Kingdom of Naples, officially known as the Kingdom of Sicily. In 1421 the childless Queen Joanna II of Naples adopted and named him as heir to the Kingdom of Naples. His rival claimant, Louis III of Anjou contested the crown. In 1423 Alfonso's relationship with Joanna deteriorated to the extent he tried to arrest her. She repudiated her earlier adoption of Alfonso and named Louis III as her heir instead. Joanna and Louis secured the kingdom but true power was in the hands of Gianni Caracciolo. He died in 1432, Louis in 1434 and Joanna in Joanna named René, the younger brother of Louis as her heir. Alfonso invaded in 143 and by 1442 had evicted the forces of René who returned to Provence. At his death in 1458, Sicily was again separated and Naples was inherited by Ferrante, Alfonso's illegitimate son who ruled until This was used as a pretext by the French to start the Italian Wars.

41 Army Commander 1 Any Professional Dates 1421 AD to 1495 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Professional Terrain Coastal, Standard, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 condottieri and 1/2 coustilliers Charging Devastating 4, Condottieri Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 12 Devastating 0 Coustilliers Melee Expert Chargers 12 Mounted crossbowmen Hungarians (Papacy or Florence before 1441 AD) Guard spearmen (Papacy only) Militia spearmen Mercenary pikemen Crossbowmen Mercenary crossbowmen Upgrade mercenaries with pavises Type Training and Formed Flexible Quality Italian Condotta Protection Shooting Skill Melee Superior Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow 12 Experienced Bow 0 4 Short Spear Shieldwall 4 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy Pike Shove 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Experienced,8 Pavise Crossbow All or none UG Size

42 Italian Condotta Javelinmen Experienced 0 Short Spear Javelin Replace javelinmen with 0 Melee Expert swordsmen All Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 Handgunners Combat Shy Firearm 9 Guns ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Cannons ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Allies Swiss mercenary allies Middle Swiss (only Florence in 1424 AD) Italian allies Italian Condotta up to 2 contingents Historical Notes This list covers the Italian states except the Kingdom of Naples and Republic of Venice. In the course of the 15th century, the most powerful citystates annexed their smaller neighbors. Florence took Pisa in 140, Venice captured Padua and Verona, while the Duchy of Milan annexed a number of nearby areas including Pavia and Parma. Warfare between the states was common, invasion from outside Italy confined to intermittent sorties of Holy Roman Emperors. On land, decades of fighting saw Florence, Milan and Venice emerge as the dominant players, and these three powers finally set aside their differences and agreed to the Peace of Lodi in 1454, which saw relative calm brought to the region for the first time in centuries. The foreign invasions of Italy known as the Italian Wars began with the 1494 invasion by France that wreaked widespread devastation on Northern Italy and ended the independence of many of the citystates. Originally arising from dynastic disputes over the Duchy of Milan and the Kingdom of Naples, the wars rapidly became a general struggle for power and territory among their various participants, marked with an increasing number of alliances, counteralliances, and betrayals.

43 Army Commander 1 Any Professional Dates 1421 AD to 1495 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Professional Terrain Coastal, Standard Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Mixed TuG comprising 1/2 condottieri and 1/2 coustilliers Charging Devastating 4, Condottieri Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers 12 Devastating 0 Coustilliers Melee Expert Chargers 12 Mounted crossbowmen Militia spearmen Mercenary pikemen Crossbowmen Mercenary crossbowmen Upgrade mercenaries with pavises Javelinmen Replace javelinmen with swordsmen Stradiots Type Training and Quality Republic of Venice Protection Shooting Skill Melee Unprotected Unskilled 4 4, Melee Expert Crossbow 12 0,8 Short Spear Shieldwall Combat Shy Pike Shove 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Combat Shy Crossbow 8 Experienced,8 Pavise Crossbow All or none Experienced 0 Short Spear Javelin 0 Melee Expert All Experienced Cantabrian Javelin 1 UG Size

44 Republic of Venice Skirmishing crossbowmen Archers Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Handgunners Combat Shy Firearm 18 Guns ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Cannons (from 1350 AD) ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Allies Swiss mercenary allies Middle Swiss (from 1440 AD) Italian allies Italian Condotta Historical Notes This list covers the armies of the Republic of Venice in Italy and Dalmatia. In the early 15th century, the Venetians expanded their possessions in North Italy and had taken over important cities such as Verona and Padua. The difficulties of Hungary allowed the Republic to consolidate its Adriatic dominions. Under doge Francesco Foscari (1423 to 1457) the city reached the height of its power and territorial extent. In 1425 a war broke out against Milan. The victory at the Battle of Maclodio expanded Venetian territory to the River Adda. In 144 the Republic had to fight an alliance formed by Milan, Florence, Bologna and Cremona. A victory allowed Venice to occupy Lodi and Piacenza. By diplomacy they acquired Brescia and Vicenza. After the fall of Byzantium, Venice became embroiled in wars against the Ottomans. In 1482 Venice allied with Pope Sixtus IV in his attempt to conquer Ferrara, opposed to Florence, Naples, Milan, and Ercole d'este. Defeated at the Battle of Campomorto, Sixtus switched sides. Peace was agreed in Despite the setbacks in the struggle against the Turks, at the end of the 15th century, Venice was the second largest city in Europe.

45 Late Medieval German Army Commander 1 Any Professional Dates 1441 AD to 1518 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Professional Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals 02 Any Professional Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Type Shooting Skill Melee Characteristics Min Name Training and Quality Protection Mandatory Optional Max UG Size Knights in deep formations Front rank (1/3 TUG) Charging Devastating 2 Fully Armoured Lancer Chargers, Shove Rear ranks (2/3 TuG) Devastating 4 Chargers, Shove 12 Upgrade front rank knights Charging Devastating 0 Superior Fully Armoured Lancer Chargers, Shove 2 Mercenary menatarms Charging Fully Armoured Dismountable Lancer Mounted crossbowmen Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow Mounted handgunners Unskilled Melee Expert Firearm Pikemen 8 8 Pike Shove 1 Militia pikemen 0 8 Poor Pike 1 Halberdiers 0 8 Polearm 8 Mercenary crossbowmen Experienced,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 24 Heerban and feudal retainers 0 8,9,10 Poor Unprotected Short Spear Combat Shy Tribal Close 20

46 Skirmishing crossbowmen Replace crossbowmen with handgunners Skirmishing archers Guns ARTILLERY Cannons ARTILLERY Allies Swiss allies Middle Swiss (from 1442 to 144 AD) Notes Late Medieval German Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 12 Combat Shy Firearm 9 Combat Shy Bow 12 Experienced 0 2 Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Knights dismount as,, Fully Armoured, 2H Cut & Crush. One or both front rank knights in a deep formation may be upgraded but the maximum may not be exceeded. Front rank knights must be easily distinguishable from other ranks. Historical Notes From 1438 the Habsburgs controlled the positon of "King of the Romans". In 1452 Frederick III was crowned Holy Roman Emperor. This situation, however, resulted in increased disunity among the Holy Roman Empire's territorial rulers and prevented sections of the country from coming together to form nations in the manner of France and England. One of Frederick's main achievements was to dorce Charles the Bold of Burgundy to marry his daughter, Mary to his son Maximillian. This was ultimately result in the Habsburgs acquiring control of the Low Countries. Troop Notes The quality of German knights declined substantially during this period. This was due to land holdings being fragmented, impoverishing many nobles. As a result, a "spitz" formation developed, a wedge of the best knights backed up by a deep column of poorer quality knights, often unable to afford plate armour or good quality horses. The classification encourages deploying the knights 3 ranks deep. German infantry started to adopt the pike in place of the spear, imitating the Low Countries and Swiss pikemen.

47 Army Commander 1 Any Mediocre or Competent Professional Dates 1488 AD to 1499 AD SubGenerals 03 Any Mediocre or Competent Professional Terrain Standard, Forest, Mountains Internal Allied Generals Camp Unfortified or Fortified; Poor or Name Characteristics Min Mandatory Optional Max Georgschild knights Charging Devastating 2 Front rank (1/3 TUG) Fully Armoured Lancer Chargers, Shove Devastating 4 Rear ranks (2/3 TuG) Chargers, Shove 12 Charging Devastating 0 Upgrade front rank knights Superior Fully Armoured Lancer Chargers, Shove 2 Feudal knights in deep formations Front rank (1/3 TUG) Charging Devastating 0 Fully Armoured Lancer Chargers, Shove 2 Rear ranks (2/3 TuG) Devastating 0 Chargers, Shove 4 Type Training and Quality Swabian League Protection Shooting Skill Melee Italian menatarms Charging Devastating Fully Armoured Melee Expert Lancer Chargers Georgschild mounted Unskilled Melee Expert handgunners Firearm Mounted crossbowmen Unskilled Melee Expert Crossbow Tiroler erzknappen Militia pikemen 0 Superior Short Spear Shieldwall 8 8 Poor Pike 32 City or milita crossbowmen Unskilled,8 Combat Shy Crossbow 1 UG Size

48 Swabian League 0 8,9,10 Heerban Poor Unprotected Short Spear Combat Shy Tribal Close 10 Skirmishing archers Unprotected Combat Shy Bow 9 Skirmishing crossbowmen Unprotected Combat Shy Crossbow 9 Skirmishing handgunners Combat Shy Firearm 12 ARTILLERY Experienced 0 2 Guns Unprotected Combat Shy Barricades Light Art 2 ARTILLERY Experienced Barricades, 0 2 Cannons Unprotected Heavy Art Combat Shy 2 Historical Notes The Swabian League (Schwäbischer Bund) was a mutual defence and peace keeping association of Imperial Estates free Imperial cities, prelates, principalities and knights principally in the territory of the early medieval stem duchy of Swabia, established in 1488 at the behest of Emperor Frederick III of Habsburg. It consisted of 22 Imperial cities, the Swabian knights' League of St. George's Shield, bishops and princes. It had an army of up to 13,000 men. It was the main suppport of Maximilian in southern Germany. In the Swabian War of January to July 1499 it fought and was defeated by the Swiss in almost every encounter. Troop Notes The Swabian League and Maximilian German armies are not considered as allies as they completely failed to cooperate in fighting the Swiss.