Diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam

Transcription

1 Diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam Tran Van Cuong Research Institute for Marine Fisheries (RIMF) Nguyen Hoai Nam Department of Capture Fisheries and Resources Protection (DECAFIREP)

2 Introduction to shark and ray fisheries in Vietnam In Vietnam, some fishing gears can be used for catching sharks and rays. The most considerable gears are trawling net, longline and gillnet. During their operation, these gears can catch sharks and rays. Although volume of sharks and rays in the total catch is not high. Therefore, total catch of sharks and rays is remarkable. Information about shark and ray resources in VN: data Gear % catch CPUE Sharks Standing biomass (ton) % catch CPUE Rays Standing biomass (ton) Bottom trawl (i) 0,3-,3 0,2-, 7,702 2,2-5,2,-5,4 36,960 Gillnet (ii) 0,7-,6 0,3-0,6 5,375 8,0-9,0 3,2-3,9 64,500 Longline (iii) 9,5-24,6,5-,9-0,2-2,9 0,6-0,7 - Total 23,077 0,460 CPUE: (i) - kg/hour; (ii) - kg/km net; (iii) - kg/00 hooks

3 Introduction to shark and ray fisheries in Vietnam In Vietnam, shark and ray are processed and traded as follows: Fresh: the caught sharks are kept fresh and in whole in the trawlers and gillnet boats until landing. As for the shark of more than 6-7 kg, its fin will be cut, but the small shark will be sold in whole unit with fin. Fresh shark and ray meat is sold in domestic market. Fresh ray in the North of Vietnam is exported to China. Dried: dried shark can be seen in the long line boats. They usually go fishing offshore, so the caught sharks are dried up: dried fish meat, dried skin and dried bone. Dried shark and ray meat is sold in market. Dried fins of sharks are preferable product for export. Stomachs of sharks are used as food. Livers of sharks are cut into small parts then processed into oil and contained in plastic cans. Up to now, shark and ray catch in Vietnam is not statistical. Many species of them is recorded in the list of red book.

4 The diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam Data collection ALMRV project Offshore project Truong Sa project Big pelagic fish project Period Total: 36 surveies, 2436 hauls Trawl: 6 surveies, 052 hauls Gillnet: surveies, 790 hauls Longline: 9 surveies, 594 hauls

5 The diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam Gear information Bottom trawl Mesh size in bottom: 2a = 20mm Length of head rope: 29m Towing speed: 3,5-4,0 knot/hour Towing duration: minutes Gillnet Mesh size: 2a = 73mm; 85mm; 00mm; 23mm; 50mm Length of net: km/type Longline Using 400 hooks for one station Depth: m The time start at 4-5 pm and finish at 4-5 am next day.

6 SHARKS RAYS The diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam TORPEDINIFORMES A total 40 species belonging to 9 genus in 9 families of 2 orders RAJIFORMES SQUATINIFORMES SQUALIFORMES HETERODONTIFORMES A total of 38 species belonging to 23 genus in 2 families of 6 orders LAMNIFORMES ORECTOLOBIFORMES Family Genus CARCHARHINIFORMES Species Number of species

7 SHARKS RAYS The diversity of sharks and rays in Vietnam Offshore South West Species richness was observed in the south-eastern area and central waters South East 7 27 Central 9 22 Tonkin Gulf 6 6 Offshore South West Family Species South East 0 23 Central Tonkin Gulf Species richness was observed in the south-eastern area and offshore waters Number of species

8 No. Species name No. Species name No. Species name I. CARCHARHINIFORMES 7 Cephaloscyllium sp. IV. ORECTOLOBIFORMES A. Carcharhinidae 8 Cephaloscyllium umbratile L. Hemiscylliidae Carcharhinus albimarginatus 9 Halaelurus buergeri 29 Chiloscyllium griseum 2 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides 20 Scyliorhinus torazame 30 Chiloscyllium indicum 3 Carcharhinus dussumieri E. Squalidae 3 Chiloscyllium plagiosum 4 Carcharhinus falciformis 2 Squalus sp. 32 Chiloscyllium punctatum 5 Carcharhinus melanopterus F. Triakidae 33 Chiloscyllium sp. 6 Carcharhinus plumbeus 22 Mustelus griseus 34 Hemiscyllium ocellatum 7 Carcharhinus sealei G. Sphyrnidae N. Rhincodontidae 8 Carcharhinus sorrah 23 Sphyrna lewini 35 Rhincodon typus 9 Carcharhinus sp. 24 Sphyrna mokarran O. Stegostomatidae 0 Carcharhinus tilstoni II. HETERODONTIFORMES 36 Stegostoma fasciatum Prionace glauca H. Heterodontidae V. SQUALIFORMES 2 Scoliodon laticaudus 25 Heterodontus zebra P. Centrophoridae B. Hemigaleidae III. LAMNIFORMES 37 Centrophorus granulosus 3 Hemigaleus microstoma I. Alopiidae VI. SQUATINIFORMES 4 Paragaleus sp. 26 Alopias pelagicus Q. Squatinidae C. Proscylliidae J. Lamnidae 38 Squatina japonica 5 Proscyllium sp. 27 Carcharodon carcharias D. Scyliorhinidae M. Pseudocarchariidae 6 Cephaloscyllium isabellum 28 Pseudocarcharias kamoharai LIST OF SHARKS

9 No. Species name No. Species name No. Species name I. RAJIFORMES 5 Dasyatis matsubarai 3 Mobula japonica A. Rhinobatidae 6 Dasyatis sinensis 32 Myliobatis tobijei Platyrhina limboonkengi 7 Dasyatis thetidis F. Plesiobatidae 2 Platyrhina sinensis 8 Dasyatis ushiei 33 Plesiobatis daviesi 3 Rhina ancylostoma 9 Dasyatis zugei G. Urolophidae 4 Rhinobatos hynnicephalus 20 Himantura gerrardi 34 Urolophus aurantiacus 5 Rhinobatos schlegelii 2 Himantura marginata 35 Urolophus westraliensis B. Rajidae 22 Himantura uarnak II. TORPEDINIFORMES 6 Bathyraja sp. 23 Taeniura meyeni H. Narcinidae 7 Okamejei hollandi D. Gymnuridae 36 Narcine maculata 8 Okamejei kenojei 24 Gymnura bimaculata 37 Narcine oculifera 9 Raja sp. 25 Gymnura japonica 38 Narcine timlei C. Dasyatidae 26 Gymnura poecilura 39 Narke japonica 0 Dasyatis akajei E. Myliobatidae I. Torpedinidae Dasyatis bennetti 27 Aetobatus flagellum 40 Torpedo sp. 2 Dasyatis garouaensis 28 Aetomylaeus nichofii 3 Dasyatis kuhlii 29 Manta birostris 4 Dasyatis lata 30 Mobula diabolus LIST OF RAYS

10 The list of red book in Vietnam SHARKS RAYS No. Species name Categories No. Species name Categories Pseudocarcharias kamoharai VU Anoxypristis cuspidata EN 2 Carcharodon carcharias VU 2 Pristis microdon EN 3 Alopias pelagicus EN 3 Rhina ancylostoma EN 4 Stegostoma fasciatum EN 4 Platyrhina sinensis VU 5 Rhincodon typus EN 5 Okamejei kenojei EN 6 Cephaloscyllium umbratile EN 6 Gymnura japonica EN 7 Carcharhinus albimarginatus EN 7 Gymnura poecilura EN 8 Carcharhinus melanopterus EN 8 Gymnura bimaculata VU 9 Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides VU 9 Dasyatis bennettii VU 0 Etmopterus lucifer EN 20 Aetobatus flagellum EN EN: Endagered VU: Vulnerable 2 Aetomylaeus nichofii EN 22 Narcine tonkinensis VU

11 List of available guidebooks for shark and ray identification Huong, N. K., Thi, N. N, Binh, H. S. and Xy, T. N. (972). Fishes of Vietnam. Class Amphioxi and Elasmobranchii. Technique Science Publishing House Science. Hanoi. 54p. Phung, N. H. and Lan, T. H. (994). Fishes of Vietnam. Class Amphioxi and Chondrichthyes. Vol. Technique Science Publishing House Science. 5p. Compagno, L. J. V. (984). FAO species catalogue. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of sharks species known to date. Part. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish Synop, Vol. 4, ROME, FAO. 249p. Xu, G., Zheng, W. and Huang, G. (994). Atlas of the Fishes and their Biology in Daya Bay. Chinese - English Edition. Anhui Scientific and Technical Publishers. 3p. Cheng, Q., Cai, Y. and Ma, X. (997). Fishes from Nansha Islands to South China Coastal Waters. Science Press. 202p.

12 List of available guidebooks for shark and ray identification Carpenter, K. E and Niem, V. H (998). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Cephalopods, Crustaceans, holothurians and Sharks. Vol. 2. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. ROME, FAO. pp: Carpenter, K. E and Niem, V. H (999). The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishs part (Elopidae to Linophrynidae). Vol. 3. FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. ROME, FAO. pp: Compagno, L. J. V. (2002). FAO species catalogue. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catal catalogue of shark species known to date. Bullhead, mackerel and carpet sharks (Heterodontiformes, Lamniformes and Orectolobiformes). No., Vol. 2, ROME, FAO. 269p. Nakabo, T. (2002). Fish of Japan with pictorial keys to the species, English edition. Vol I. (Check)

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