SPECIAL INSIGHTS INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Alexander Ferrauti

Transcription

1 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS SPECIAL INSIGHTS INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Alexander Ferrauti

2 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Berlin Metropolis Ruhr

3 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS

4 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS

5 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS International Master Degree: Sport Exercise & Health Sciences (M. Sc.)

6 SPECIAL RECOVERY INSIGHT FOR PERFORMANCE INTO PHYSIOLOGY IN RACKET OF TENNIS SPORTS

7 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS SPECIAL INSIGHTS INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Alexander Ferrauti 1 PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS MATCH PLAY 2 PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS ON-COURT DRILLS 3 PHYSICAL FITNESS TESTING & TRAINING 4 CHO, CAFFEINE & CREATINE SUPPLEMENTATION 5 TRANSFER TO BADMINTON & TABLE TENNIS

8 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS

9 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS

10 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS Energy metabolism and oxygen kinetics differ extremly between running and tennis 3. TENNIS 4 VO [l/min] 2 RQ VO 2 W.R. (VO2 = 1,737 l/min) RQ 1,5 1,3 2 1,1 1 0,9 0 Pause Pause Pause Ruhe Einschlagen min min 0,7 4 3 LAUFEN W.R. (VO2 = 1,695 l/min) 1,5 1,3 2 1,1 1 0,9 0 Ruhe 0-10 min min min 0,7 Ferrauti e Eur J Appl

11 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 epinephrine [ng/ml] running tennis ** 31,7 ** 15,0 8,3 8,8 ** [min]

12 HR [bpm] 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS n=12 ** ** ** ** running tennis. [min] (Ferrauti et al. 2002)

13 glucose [mg/dl] 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS n=12 ** ** ** ** running tennis [min] (Ferrauti et al. 2002)

14 blood lactate [mmol/] 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS 3,0 2,5 2,0 running tennis ** ** ** ** n=12 1,5 1,0 0,5 0, [min] (Ferrauti et al. 2002)

15 Fat oxidation [kcal/min] Fat oxidation [%] 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS running tennis ** ** ** ** n=12 ** ** ** ** [min] [min] (Ferrauti et al. 2002)

16 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS

17 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS

18 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS BH max (112 km/h) FH max (121 km/h)

19 VO 2 [ml/min/kg] 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS energy demands of hitting n=12 male players (23,9 ± 2,5 yrs; 186 ± 5 cm; 79,9 ± 5,9 kg) ,7 (56,5) BH 42,9 (82,0) VO. max 2 28,6 (56,0) FH 46,3 (86,5) 0 85 km/h 112 km/h 86 km/h 120 km/h (Fernandez-Fernandez et al. 2010)

20 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS

21 B S B S SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS Ground contact times [s] 1,2 [s] Clay 1,0 0,92 0,8 1,2 [s] 1,0 0,8 Carpet 0,6 0,6 0,4 0,33 0,47 0,4 0,35 0,47 0,38 0,2 0,23 0,25 0,20 0,2 ** 0,24 0,24 0,22 0,0 0,0

22 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS R. Federer (SUI) R. Nadal (ESP) 5:7/6:4/6:7

23 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY PLAY OF TENNIS

24 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS 7 epinephrine [µg/100 mg creat] 10 energetic drive , * 6,3 7, ** 0, glucose [mg/dl] 5 blood lactate [mmol/l] ** 134,2 93, ** 1,6 3,1 0 training tournament 0 training tournament (Ferrauti et al. 2001)

25 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS Blood Lactate Values during Match Play [%] Training n=63/10 Tournament n=70/10 players Maximum: TO: 8,0 TR: 6,1 mmol/l >4 mmol/l: TO: 21,4 TR: 11,1 % < >6 [mmol/l]

26 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS rally patterns influence LA concentration n=6 male players (22,3±2,1 yrs; 182±6 cm; 74,9±5,1 kg) LA [mmol/l] ,0 mmol/l BW 6 s intensive 20 s rest BW 24 s intensive + 20 s rest 2,5 mmol/l change ends 15:0 30:0 40:0 15:0 30:0 40:0 [t]

27 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS rally patterns influence LA concentration n=6 male players (22,3±2,1 yrs; 182±6 cm; 74,9±5,1 kg) LA [mmol/l] ,0 mmol/l BW 6 s intensive 20 s rest BW 24 s intensive + 20 s rest 15:0 30:0 40:0 change ends 15:0 30:0 40:0 4,5 mmol/l [t]

28 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS rally patterns influence LA concentration n=6 male players (22,3±2,1 yrs; 182±6 cm; 74,9±5,1 kg) LA [mmol/l] ,0 mmol/l BW 6 s intensive 20 s rest BW 24 s intensive + 20 s rest 15:0 30:0 40:0 change ends 15:0 30:0 40:0 7,2 mmol/l [t]

29 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS pre start nervousness (n=26 tournament players) pre evening 2,35 * next morning warm-up 5,08 4,85 start match play end 1. set 4,02 4,46 own match point 6,67 * match point opponent 3,94 (Ferrauti 1999) very low [Nervosität] very high

30 NA/A 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS post exercise urine catecholamines (n=26 tournament players) 10 y = 6,835-0,651 x r = -0,595 ** nervousness (Ferrauti et al. 2001)

31 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY OF TENNIS post exercise urine catecholamines (n=26 tournament players) 10 E [µg/100 mg Kreat] 10 NE/E Davis-Cup Singles Player A (n=6) 8 8 Player B (n=5) ,2±0,5 7,0±0,8 Player A Player B 0 3,7±2,2 2,2±0,7 Player A Player B (Ferrauti et al. 2002)

32 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY PLAY OF TENNIS

33 1 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY MATCH PLAY PLAY OF TENNIS

34 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS

35 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS blood lactate in tennis drills 8 x 4 x 4 fh-winner baseliner 2 players 3 x 8 x 1 sprint baseliner 1 player 4 x 4 x 8 fh-winner 3 x 4 x 12 fh-winner baseliner 1 defensive 4 x 4 x 4 fh/bh-drill 3 x 8 x 2 sprints 3 x 4 x 6 fh/bh-drill LA [mmol/l -1 ]

36 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS

37 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS BM exercise: passing-shot sprints (t 1, 2, 3 ) t1 t2 t3

38 [mmol/l] 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS ANOVA rest p = 0,001 ** sprints p = 0,019 * rest x sprints p = 0,039 * blood lactate s rest 15 s rest passing-shot sprints

39 [s] 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS 1,50 running speed (t 3 ) 1,45 1,40 1,35 1,30 10 s rest 15 s rest passing-shot sprints

40 [km/h] 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS V stroke s rest 15 s rest passing-shot sprints

41 2 SPECIAL PHYSIOLOGY INSIGHT OF INTO TENNIS PHYSIOLOGY ON-COURT OF DRILLS TENNIS Tips for Coaches - there is no good or bad drill, but a wrong - define training goal before constructing drills - adjust intensity, duration and recovery according to the goals - establish feedback agreements with players - Attention! Coaches usually underestimate intensity

42 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS

43 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & & TRAINING OF TENNIS

44 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & & TRAINING OF TENNIS

45 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & & TRAINING OF TENNIS

46 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS Hit & Turn Tennis Test (HTT) Translation of the multistage 20 m shuttle run test (Léger et al.1988) on tennis demands. The Hit and Turn Tennis test is an acoustically controlled and progressive Fitness Test. The test can be easily carried out with a racket on a tennis court by one or more players at the same time. The object of the test is to follow as long as possible the audible signals and to hold up the required footwork. The player has to run along the base line and to hit a forehand or backhand shot in the respective corners just in time with the signals. The maximum achieved test level is assessed and can be used to estimate the maximum oxygen uptake. developed by Ruhr-University Bochum (2008) under support of ITF and DTB contact: alexander.ferrauti@rub.de 2008, Ruhr-University Bochum, Faculty of Sport Science

47 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS HTT test materials

48 VO 2 [mmol min -1 kg -1 ] 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS n=12 regional players VO 2 peak L 4 mmol Reliability Validity Carpet/Carpet 0,942** 0,848** Carpet/Clay 0,713** 0,880** HTT/Ballmachine Test 0,961** 0,756** HTT/Treadmill Test 0,619 * 0,617 * NR (n=14) f(x)=2.0x {8,16} RR (n=13) f(x)=1.2x {8,12} Level

49 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS Norm Values for Male Tournament Players VO 2 est [ml/min/kg] Strokes Category Level Intervall [s] untrained bad reasonable good excellent international champion

50 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & & TRAINING OF TENNIS

51 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS Fartlek

52 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS 5 week endurance training (3x60 min/week) S DL S S DL S S DL S DL S DL S DL S DL DL DL SS DL SS DL SS DL DL DL DL DL DL DL DL

53 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS

54 3 SPECIAL PHYSICAL INSIGHT FITNESS INTO TESTING PHYSIOLOGY & TRAINING OF TENNIS 15 x 30 m intermittent sprint performance t [s] Continuous running t [s] Fartlek Sprint post Sprint pre

55 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS

56 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS

57 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS 120 glucose [mg/dl] Transition rest-play NL/RL (n=16) ,2 84,8 92,8 87,3 79,3 74,3 75, rest match play [min]

58 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS Do you frequently complain about hypoglycemia in tennis? men NL/RL (n=59) Yes 37 (63%) 22 (37%) No

59 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS [n] 12 incidence of hypoglycemia (n=59 tournament players) 1. Match 2. Match pre begin during end rest begin during end

60 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS Team competition Glucose [mg/dl] (n=21 tournament players) Match 2. Match 120 ** 80 ** ** 40 0 pre match post warm-up post match rest pre match post warm-up post match

61 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS

62 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS 1. Increase of intramuscular phosphocreatine concentration (6-12 %). 2. Improvement of phosphocreatine resynthesis in case of intermittent work. 3. Increase of body weight (0,5-1,6 kg after 5-7 days) Water retention Activation of muscle contractil protein synthesis

63 20 m [s] SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Creatine + training (1 week loading, 4 weeks/0,05 g/kg/day) Intermittent Sprint Performance 3,5 pre post 3,3 3,1 2,9 3,15 3,06 ** 3,13 3,11 3,11 3,10 3,13 3,14 2,7 2,5 Cr+ (n=9) Cr- (n=14) Pl+ (n=10) Pl- (n=9)

64 [km/h] SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Creatine + training (1 week loading, 4 weeks/0,05 g/kg/day) Serve Velocity 200 pre post ,1 168,9 170,0 169,6 165,0 166, Cr+ (n=10) Cr- (n=12) Pl- (n=9)

65 CHO, 4 SPECIAL CHO, CREATINE INSIGHT & INTO & CAFFEINE PHYSIOLOGY SUPPLEMENTATION OF TENNIS

66 5 SPECIAL TRANSFER INSIGHT TO BADMINTON INTO PHYSIOLOGY & TABLE OF TENNIS TENNIS TOP 10 Males: 28,7 yrs 193,1 cm 87,3 kg 23,4 BMI TOP 10 Females: 26,0 yrs 177,9 cm 65,8 kg 20,8 BMI TOP 10 Males: 27,4 yrs 180,7 cm 72,7 kg 22,1 BMI TOP 10 Females: 23,0 yrs 167,4 cm 58,0 kg 20,9 BMI TOP 10 Males: 26,6 yrs 176,4 cm 71,2 kg 22,8 BMI TOP 10 Females: 23,3 yrs 159,6 cm 51,8 kg 20,3 BMI

67 5 SPECIAL TRANSFER INSIGHT TO BADMINTON INTO PHYSIOLOGY & TABLE OF TENNIS TENNIS Intermittent Work load + + Adrenergic stimulation + + Catecholamine Release + + Hitting Power demands +/- - Surface differences - - Endurance Specificity + + Training Drill Demands + + Hypoglycemic risk + +/- CHO Needs + +/- Caffeine Effects + + Creatine Benefits +/- -

68 5 SPECIAL TRANSFER INSIGHT TO BADMINTON INTO PHYSIOLOGY & TABLE OF TENNIS TENNIS FUN

69 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS

70 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS

71 SPECIAL RECOVERY INSIGHT FOR PERFORMANCE INTO PHYSIOLOGY IN RACKET OF TENNIS SPORTS German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research Racket and Batting Sports. A multidisciplinary perspective on globally popular lifetime sports. Call for papers German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research Racket and Batting Sports. A multidisciplinary perspective on globally popular lifetime sports. The German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, an up-and-coming international journal (and successor to Germany s leading national journal in sport science: Sportwissenschaft, ) invites authors to contribute articles on the thematic issue Racket and Batting Sports: A multidisciplinary perspective on globally popular lifetime sports, which will be published in June 2019 (Vol. 49, Issue 2). The German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, an up-and-coming international journal (and This thematic issue will contain but is explicitly not limited to outstanding contributions to the successor to Germany s leading national journal in sport science: Sportwissenschaft, ), held in Bangkok in The issue will include original papers invites authors to contribute articles on the thematic issue Racket and Batting Sports: A multidisciplinary perspective and reviews on globally on performance popular lifetime and health sports, related which aspects will be published in Badminton, in June Baseball, 2019 Cricket, Golf, 49, Issue Softball, 2). Squash, Table Tennis and Tennis, as well as new racket and batting sport games. (Vol. Its goal is to combine research perspectives from science and medicine (e.g. physiology and sports This medicine, thematic training issue will and contain exercise but science, is explicitly biomechanics) not limited with to those outstanding from the contributions humanities to (e.g. the sport 6th philosophy, World Congress sport history, of Racket physical Sport Science, education) held and in Bangkok from various in social The issue and behavioural will include original disciplines papers and (e.g. reviews sport on sociology, performance sport and psychology, health related sport aspects management). in Badminton, Six senior Baseball, action Crick- editors academic et, (Prof. Golf, Weigelt Softball, and Squash, Prof. Table Brand, Tennis behavioral and Tennis, sciences; as well Prof. as new Groeben, racket humanities and batting and sport education; games. Its Prof. goal Kaiser-Jovy, to combine social research sciences perspectives and economics; from science and Prof. and medicine Ferrauti (e.g. and Prof. physiology Voelcker-Rehage, and sports science and training medicine) and will exercise provide science, expert biomechanics) support for all with submitted those from papers. the humanities (e.g. sport medicine, philosophy, sport history, physical education) and from various social and behavioural academic disciplines We (e.g. sport sociology, sport psychology, sport management). Six senior action editors 6th World ask authors Congress to of submit Racket Sport original Science articles (main articles, brief communications, Prof. Dr. Alexander reviews), Ferrauti academic (Prof. essays, Weigelt commentaries and Prof. Brand, or discussion behavioral papers sciences; on topics Prof. related Groeben, to humanities racket and and batting education; sports. All pa-

72 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS References Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Kinner, V.J. & Ferrauti, A. (2010). The physiological demands of hitting and running in tennis on different surfaces. Journal of Strength and Condition- ing Research, 24(12), Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Zimek, R., Wiewelhove, T. & Ferrauti, A. (2012). High-intensity interval training vs repeatedsprint training in tennis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 26(1), Ferrauti, A., Bergeron, M.F., Pluim, B.M. & Weber, K. (2001). Physiological responses in tennis and running with similar oxygen uptake. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 85(1-2), Ferrauti, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J., Klapsing, G. M., Ulbricht, A. & Rosenkranz, D. (2013). Diagnostic of footwork characteristics and running speed demands in tennis on different ground surfaces. Sportorthopa die Sporttraumatologie 29(3), Ferrauti, A., Kinner, V.J. & Fernandez-Fernandez, J. (2011). The Hit & Turn Tennis Test: an acoustically controlled endurance test for tennis players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(5), Ferrauti, A., Neumann, G., Weber, K. & Keul, J. (2001). Urine catecholamine concentrations and psychophysical stress in elite tennis under practice and tournament conditions. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41(2), Ferrauti, A., Pluim, B.M., Busch, T. & Weber, K. (2003). Blood glucose responses and incidence of hypoglycemia in elite tennis under practice and tournament conditions. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 6(1), Ferrauti, A., Pluim, B.M. & Weber, K. (2001). The effect of recovery duration on running speed and stroke quality during intermittent training drills in elite tennis players. Journal of Sport Sciences, 19(4), Pluim, B.M., Ferrauti, A., Broekhof, F., Deutekom, M., Gotzmann, A., Kuipers, H. & Weber, K. (2006). The effects of creatine supplementation on selected factors of tennis specific training. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40(6), Ulbricht, A., Fernandez-Fernandez, J. & Ferrauti, A. (2013). Conception for fitness testing and individualized training programs in the German Tennis Federation. Sportorthopa die Sporttraumatologie 29(3), TH WORLD CONGRESS OF RACKET SPORT SCIENCE BANGKOK 2018 PROF. DR. ALEXANDER FERRAUTI

73 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Contact: Ruhr-University Bochum Germany 6TH WORLD CONGRESS OF RACKET SPORT SCIENCE BANGKOK 2018 PROF. DR. ALEXANDER FERRAUTI

74 SPECIAL INSIGHT INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS SPECIAL INSIGHTS INTO PHYSIOLOGY OF TENNIS Alexander Ferrauti Thank you