MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AIR AND LAND PROTECTION DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Standard Operating Procedures

Transcription

1 MISSOURI DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES AIR AND LAND PROTECTION DIVISION ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PROGRAM Standard Operating Procedures SOP #: EFFECTIVE DATE: May 31, 2005 SOP TITLE: Taxonomic Levels for Macroinvertebrate Identifications WRITTEN BY: Randy Sarver, WQMS, ESP APPROVED BY: Earl Pabst, Director, ESP SUMMARY OF REVISIONS: Changes to reflect new taxa and current taxonomy APPLICABILITY: Applies to Water Quality Monitoring Section personnel who perform community level surveys of aquatic macroinvertebrates in wadeable streams of Missouri. DISTRIBUTION: MoDNR Intranet ESP SOP Coordinator RECERTIFICATION RECORD: Date Reviewed Initials Page 1 of 30

2 Page 2 of GENERAL OVERVIEW 1.1 This Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is designed to be used as a reference by biologists who analyze aquatic macroinvertebrate samples from Missouri. Its purpose is to establish consistent levels of taxonomic resolution among agency, academic and other biologists. The information in this SOP has been established by researching current taxonomic literature. It should assist an experienced aquatic biologist to identify organisms from aquatic surveys to a consistent and reliable level. The criteria used to set the level of taxonomy beyond the genus level are the systematic treatment of the genus by a professional taxonomist and the availability of a published key. 1.2 The consistency in macroinvertebrate identification allowed by this document is important regardless of whether one person is conducting an aquatic survey over a period of time or multiple investigators wish to compare results. It is especially important to provide guidance on the level of taxonomic identification when calculating metrics that depend upon the number of taxa. This SOP should be used in conjunction with the Semi-Quantitative Macroinvertebrate Stream Bioassessment Project Procedure Section IV (Identification and Recording of Organisms). 1.3 Taxonomy is a changing and imperfect science. Therefore, this document will be revised on a triennial basis, or more often if necessary. 1.4 Appendix A of this document contains a list of aquatic taxa by name as well as entries for taxa codes, reference documents, biotic indices, and functional feeding groups. 1.5 Appendix B of this document contains a bibliography of taxonomic references for aquatic organisms. 2.0 TAXA CODE A code is assigned to each taxon to facilitate the access of this information within a database. The taxa codes that are used in Appendix A have been assigned from the Benthos Coding List developed by the Missouri Department of Conservation. 3.0 REFERENCE The number listed in bold is the primary taxonomic key used for the purposes of this SOP. Numbers contained in brackets indicate references that also contain valuable taxonomic information, but are used as secondary references because of outdated taxonomy or terminology, taxonomic additions, or other reasons. References can be found in Appendix B, the Taxonomic Bibliography. The number of the reference in the bibliography corresponds to the value found in the reference columns on the pages in Appendix A.

3 Page 3 of BIOTIC INDEX VALUE Biotic Index values are numeric indicators of the taxon s tolerance to pollution or other environmental stressors. These values, noted in Appendix A, are under development for Missouri. Temporary values, ranging from 0 to 10, have been assigned using: Lenat, D. R A Biotic Index for the Southeastern United States: derivation and list of tolerance values with criteria for assigning water quality ratings. J. N. Amer. Benthol. Soc. 12(3): Huggins, D. G. & M. F. Moffett Proposed Biotic and Habitat Indices for use in Kansas Streams. Report No. 35 of the Kansas Biological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas. 128 pp. Hilsenhoff, W.L An improved biotic index of organic stream pollution. Great Lakes Entomologist 20(1): Bode, R. W., M. A. Novak & L. E. Abele Quality Assurance Work Plan for Biological Stream Monitoring in New York State. New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, Albany, New York. 89 pp. 5.0 FUNCTIONAL FEEDING GROUP (FFG) Functional feeding groups, noted in Appendix A, for aquatic invertebrates were determined using Merritt & Cummins Functional group designations and their abbreviations are: Shredders = Sh; Collector/gatherers = Co; Collector/filterers = Fi; Scrapers = Sc; Macrophyte Piercers = Mp; Predators = Pr; Herbivores = He; Parasites = Pa; and Unknown = Unk. 6.0 BIOTIC INDEX SOURCE The capital letter in the BI source column corresponds to the references above as follows: (L) = Lenat; (K) = Huggins and Moffett; (H) = Hilsenhoff; and (B) = Bode et al. Listed BI values from the Huggins and Moffett reference represent the average of NOD (nutrients and oxygen-demanding substances) and SSS (suspended solids and sediments) values adjusted to a 0 to 10 scale. The following symbols are also occasionally used to indicate that the listed Biotic Index value was indirectly derived: * = the genus BI value is the average of the species with recorded BI values in that genus; ** = the species BI value was taken from the listed value for the genus; *** = the family BI value was calculated from the values of the two most common genera; **** = the value listed is from another species; ***** = the value listed is from another family.

4 Page 4 of 30 Annelida Branchiobdellida Branchiobdellida Co B Hirudinea Arhynchobdellida Erpobdellidae Erpobdellidae Pa L Rhynchobdellida Glossiphoniidae Glossiphoniidae Pr B Piscicolidae Piscicolidae Pa Oligochaeta Oligochaeta Co Haplotaxida Haplotaxidae Haplotaxis Co Lumbricina Lumbricidae Lumbricidae Co B Lumbriculida Lumbriculidae Lumbriculidae Co B Lumbriculus variegatus (Muller) Co B Tubificida Enchytraeidae Enchytraeidae Co L Tubificidae Tubificidae Co L,B* Aulodrilus Co B Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard Co L Ilyodrilus templetoni (Southern) Co L Limnodrilus angustipenis Co Limnodrilus cervix Brinkhurst Co L Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel Co B Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Claparede Co L Potamothrix Co B Potamothrix bavaricus (Oschmann) Co Quistradrilus multisetosus (Smith) Co B Tasserkidrilus superiorensis (Brinkhurst & Co L** Tubifex tubifex (Muller) Co L Arthropoda Arachnoidea "Hydracarina" Acarina Pa,Pr L

5 Page 5 of 30 Crustacea Amphipoda Allocrangonyctidae Allocrangonyx Co Crangonyctidae Bactrurus Hay Co Crangonyx Co L Stygobromus Co Synurella Co Gammaridae Gammarus Co L Hyalellidae Hyalella azteca Sassure Co L Decapoda Cambaridae Cambaridae Co Cambarellus puer Hobbs Co Cambarellus shufeldtii (Faxon) Co Cambarus diogenes Girard Co Cambarus hubbsi Creaser Co Cambarus hubrichti Hobbs Co Cambarus maculatus Hobbs & Pflieger Co Cambarus setosus Faxon Co Fallicambarus fodiens (Cottle) Co Faxonella clypeata (Hay) Co Orconectes Co L Orconectes eupunctus Williams Co Orconectes harrisonii (Faxon) Co Orconectes hylas (Faxon) Co Orconectes immunis (Hagen) Co Orconectes lancifer (Hagen) Co Orconectes longidigitus (Faxon) Co Orconectes luteus (Creaser) Co Orconectes macrus Williams Co Orconectes marchandi Hobbs Co Orconectes medius (Faxon) Co Orconectes meeki (Faxon) Co Orconectes neglectus Co Orconectes ozarkae Williams Co Orconectes palmeri (Faxon) Co Orconectes peruncus (Creaser) Co Orconectes punctimanus (Creaser) Co Orconectes quadruncus (Creaser) Co Orconectes rusticus (Girard) Co

6 Page 6 of 30 Cambaridae Orconectes virilis (Hagen) Co Orconectes williamsi Fitzpatrick Co Procambarus acutus (Girard) Co Procambarus clarkii (Girard) Co Procambarus gracilis (Bundy) Co Procambarus liberorum Fitzpatrick Co Procambarus viaeviridis (Faxon) Co Palaemonidae Macrobrachium ohione (Smith) Co Palaemonetes kadiakensis Rathbun Co Isopoda Asellidae Caecidotea Co B Caecidotea (Blind & Unpigmented) Co Lirceus Co L Insecta Coleoptera Coleoptera Dryopidae Dryopidae Sc,Co Helichus Sc,Co L Helichus basalis LeConte Sc,Co K Helichus fastigiatus (Say) Sc,Co K Helichus lithophilus (Germar) Sc,Co K Helichus striatus LeConte Sc,Co K Dytiscidae Dytiscidae Pr Acilius Pr Agabus Pr B Brachyvatus Pr Copelatus Pr L Coptotomus Pr L Cybister Pr K Desmopachria Pr K Dytiscus Pr K Graphoderus Pr K Hydaticus Pr Hydroporus Pr L Hydrovatus Pr K Hygrotus Pr K Ilybius Pr K Laccophilus Pr L Liodessus Pr

7 Page 7 of 30 Dytiscidae Neoporus Pr L Oreodytes Pr K Rhantus Pr K Thermonectus Pr K Uvarus Pr K Elmidae Elmidae Co,Sc H Ancyronyx variegatus (Germar) Co,Sc L Dubiraphia Co L Heterelmis Co Macronychus glabratus Say Co L Microcylloepus pusillus (LeConte) Co L Optioservus sandersoni Collier Sc,Co L Stenelmis Co,Sc L Stenelmis beameri Sanderson Co,Sc K Stenelmis bicarinata LeConte Co,Sc H Stenelmis cheryl Brown Co,Sc K Stenelmis crenata (Say) Co,Sc H Stenelmis decorata Sanderson Co,Sc K Stenelmis exigua Sanderson Co,Sc K Stenelmis exilis Sanderson Co,Sc Stenelmis grossa Sanderson Co,Sc Stenelmis lateralis Sanderson Co,Sc K Stenelmis lignicola Schmude & Co,Sc Stenelmis mera Sanderson Co,Sc Stenelmis sandersoni Musgrave Co,Sc K Stenelmis sexlineata Sanderson Co,Sc K Stenelmis xylonastis Schmude & Co,Sc Gyrinidae Dineutus Pr L Gyretes Pr K Gyrinidae Pr Gyrinus Pr L Haliplidae Haliplus B Peltodytes He L Helophoridae Helophorus Sh L Hydraenidae Hydraena Ochthebius Hydrochidae Hydrochus Sh K Hydrophilidae Hydrophilidae Pr,Co Berosus He,Co L

8 Page 8 of 30 Hydrophilidae Chaetarthria Pr,Co K Crenitis Pr,Co Cymbiodyta Pr,Co K Dibolocelus Pr,Co K Enochrus Pr,Co L Helochares Pr,Co B Helocombus Pr,Co K Hydrobius Pr,Co B Hydrochara Co K Hydrophilus Pr,Co K Laccobius Pr,Co L Paracymus Pr,Co K Sperchopsis Pr,Co L Tropisternus Pr,Co L Lutrochidae Lutrochus K Noteridae Hydrocanthus Pr L Suphisellus Pr Psephenidae Ectopria nervosa (Melsheimer) Sc L Psephenus herricki (DeKay) Sc L Salpingidae Salpingidae Scirtidae Cyphon Sh Scirtes Sh B Diptera Diptera Athericidae Atherix Pr L Ceratopogonidae Ceratopogonidae Co,Sc H Ceratopogoninae Ceratopogoninae Pr,Co B Dashyheleinae Dasyheleinae Co,Sc B Forcipomyiinae Forcipomyiinae Co B Chaoboridae Chaoborus Pr L Eucorethra underwoodi Underwood Pr Chironomidae Chironomidae H Chironominae Acalcarella , 30 Co Chironominae Apedilum , 30 Chironominae Axarus , 30 Co B Chironominae Chironomus , 30 Co,Sh L Chironominae Cladopelma , 30 Co L Chironominae Cladotanytarsus , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Constempellina , 30 Co,Fi B

9 Page 9 of 30 Chironomidae Chironominae Cryptochironomus , 30 Pr L* Chironominae Cryptotendipes , 30 Co L Chironominae Demicryptochironomus , 30 Co L Chironominae Dicrotendipes , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Einfeldia , 30 B Chironominae Endochironomus , 30 Sh,Co L Chironominae Endotribelos , 30 Chironominae Glyptotendipes , 30 Sh,Co L Chironominae Goeldichironomus , 30 K Chironominae Harnischia , 30 L Chironominae Hyporhygma , 30 Sh Chironominae Kiefferulus , 30 Co L Chironominae Lauterborniella , 30 Co K Chironominae Lipiniella , 30 Co Chironominae Microchironomus , 30 Co B Chironominae Micropsectra , 30 Co L Chironominae Microtendipes , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Nilothauma , 30 L Chironominae Omisus , 30 Chironominae Pagastiella , 30 L Chironominae Parachironomus , 30 Pr,Co L Chironominae Paracladopelma , 30 Co L Chironominae Paralauterborniella , 30 H Chironominae Paratanytarsus , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Paratendipes , 30 Co L Chironominae Phaenopsectra , 30 Sc,Co L Chironominae Polypedilum Sh,Co L* Chironominae Polypedilum convictum grp Sh,Co L Chironominae Polypedilum fallax grp Sh,Co L Chironominae Polypedilum halterale grp Sh,Co L Chironominae Polypedilum illinoense grp Sh,Co L Chironominae Polypedilum scalaenum grp Sh,Co L Chironominae Pseudochironomus , 30 Co L Chironominae Rheotanytarsus , 30 Fi L Chironominae Robackia , 30 Co L* Chironominae Saetheria , 30 Co L Chironominae Stelechomyia , 30 L Chironominae Stempellina , 30 Co L Chironominae Stempellinella , 30 Co L

10 Page 10 of 30 Chironomidae Chironominae Stenochironomus , 30 Co,Sh L Chironominae Stictochironomus , 30 Co,Sh L Chironominae Sublettea , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Tanytarsus , 30 Co,Fi L Chironominae Thienemanniola , 30 Chironominae Tribelos , 30 Co L Chironominae Xenochironomus , 30 Pr L Chironominae Zavreliella , 30 K Diamesinae Diamesa , 30 Co L Diamesinae Potthastia , 30 Co L* Diamesinae Pseudodiamesa , 30 Co K Diamesinae Sympotthastia , 30 Co L Diamesinae Syndiamesa , 30 Co Orthocladiinae Brillia , 30 Sh,Co L Orthocladiinae Bryophaenocladius Orthocladiinae Cardiocladius , 30 Pr L Orthocladiinae Chaetocladius , 30 Co H Orthocladiinae Corynoneura , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Cricotopus bicinctus (Meigen) , 30 Sh,Co L Orthocladiinae Cricotopus trifascia (Edwards) , 29 Sh B Orthocladiinae Cricotopus/Orthocladius , 30 Sh,Co L* Orthocladiinae Diplocladius , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Epoicocladius , 30 Co,Pa B Orthocladiinae Eukiefferiella , 30 Co,Pr B Orthocladiinae Eukiefferiella brevicalcar grp Co,Pr B Orthocladiinae Eukiefferiella pseudomontana grp Co,Pr B Orthocladiinae Gymnometriocnemus K Orthocladiinae Heterotrissocladius , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Hydrobaenus , 30 Sc,Co L Orthocladiinae Krenosmittia , 30 Orthocladiinae Limnophyes , 30 Co Orthocladiinae Lopescladius L Orthocladiinae Mesocricotopus Brundin , 30 Co Orthocladiinae Mesosmittia , 30 K Orthocladiinae Nanocladius , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Oliveridia , 30 Orthocladiinae Orthocladius (Euorthocladius) , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Orthocladius (Symposiocladius) , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Parakiefferiella , 30 Co L

11 Page 11 of 30 Chironomidae Orthocladiinae Parametriocnemus , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Paraphaenocladius , 30 Co B Orthocladiinae Parorthocladius , 30 Co Orthocladiinae Psectrocladius , 30 Co,Sh L Orthocladiinae Pseudorthocladius , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Pseudosmittia , 30 K Orthocladiinae Rheocricotopus , 30 Co,Sh L* Orthocladiinae Smittia , 30 Co K Orthocladiinae Synorthocladius , 30 L Orthocladiinae Thienemanniella , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Tvetenia , 30 Co L Orthocladiinae Tvetenia bavarica grp Co L Orthocladiinae Tvetenia discoloripes grp Co L Orthocladiinae Xylotopus , 30 Sh L Prodiamesinae Monodiamesa , 30 Co B Tanypodinae Ablabesmyia , 30 Pr L* Tanypodinae Clinotanypus , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Coelotanypus , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Djalmabatista , 30 Pr K Tanypodinae Fittkauimyia , 30 Pr Tanypodinae Krenopelopia , 30 Pr Tanypodinae Labrundinia , 30 Pr L* Tanypodinae Larsia , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Monopelopia , 30 Pr Tanypodinae Natarsia , 30 Pr B Tanypodinae Nilotanypus , 30 Pr B Tanypodinae Paramerina , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Pentaneura , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Procladius , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Psectrotanypus , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Tanypus , 30 Pr L Tanypodinae Thienemannimyia grp , 30 Pr B Tanypodinae Zavrelimyia , 30 Pr L Culicidae Aedes Co,Fi K Anopheles Fi L Culex Fi L Culiseta Co,Fi K Mansonia Co,Fi Dixidae Dixa Co L

12 Page 12 of 30 Dixidae Dixella Co Dolichopodidae Dolichopodidae Pr L Empididae Empididae Pr,Co B undescribed Empididae K Chelifera Pr H Clinocera Pr H Hemerodromia Pr,Co H Rhamphomyia Pr Roederiodes Pr Ephydridae Ephydridae Co,Sh K Muscidae Muscidae Pr B Psychodidae Pericoma Co B Psychoda Co L Telmatoscopus Co Scatophagidae Scatophagidae Sh,He Sciomyzidae Sciomyzidae Simuliidae Simuliidae Fi H Cnephia Fi L Prosimulium Fi L Simulium Fi L Stegopterna Fi H* Stratiomyidae Stratiomyidae Allognosta Caloparyphus Co Euparyphus Co,Sc Myxosargus Co Nemotelus Co K Odontomyia Co K Oxycera Sc Stratiomys Co K Syrphidae Syrphidae Co K Tabanidae Chlorotabanus Chrysops Pr L Silvius Pr Tabanidae Tabanus Pr L Tanyderidae Tanyderidae Protoplasa fitchii Tipulidae Tipulidae Sh,Co H

13 Page 13 of 30 Tipulidae Antocha Co L Cryptolabis Dactylolabis Sh,Co K Dicranota Pr L Erioptera Co K Gonomyia Co K Hexatoma Pr L Limnophila Pr K Limonia Sh L Molophilus Ormosia Co K Paradelphomyia Pedicia Pr K Pilaria H Prionocera Sh Pseudolimnophila Co L Rhabdomastix Co Tipula Sh,Co L Ephemeroptera Ameletidae Ameletus Sc,Co H Ameletus lineatus Traver Sc,Co L Ameletus ludens Needham Sc,Co H Baetidae Baetidae Co H Acentrella Co B Acerpenna Co L Apobaetis Co K Baetis Co B Barbaetis Co Callibaetis Co L Camelobaetidius Centroptilum Co L Cloeon Co L Diphetor H Fallceon K Heterocloeon Sc B Labiobaetis K Paracloeodes Sc K Plauditus Co B Procloeon Co L

14 Page 14 of 30 Baetidae Pseudocentroptiloides Co Pseudocloeon Co Baetiscidae Baetiscidae Co,Sc H Baetisca lacustris McDunnough Co,Sc B Baetisca obesa (Say) Co,Sc B Caenidae Caenidae Co,Sc H Amercaenis Fi Brachycercus Co L Caenis Co,Sc L Caenis amica Hagen Co,Sc L** Caenis anceps Traver Co,Sc L** Caenis hilaris (Say) Co,Sc L** Caenis latipennis Banks Co,Sc L** Caenis macafferti Provonsha Co,Sc L** Caenis punctata McDunnough Co,Sc L** Caenis tardata McDunnough Co,Sc L** Cercobrachys Co Ephemerellidae Ephemerellidae Co,Sc H Attenella attenuata (McDunnough) Co B Dannella Co B Dannella lita (Burks) Co L Dannella provonshai McCafferty Co Dannella simplex (McDunnough) Co L Ephemerella Co,Sc L* Ephemerella argo Burks Co,Sc Ephemerella aurivillii Bengtsson Co,Sc B Ephemerella catawba Traver Co,Sc L Ephemerella dorothea Needham Co,Sc H Ephemerella excrucians Walsh Co,Sc H Ephemerella invaria (Walker) Co,Sc L Ephemerella needhami McDunnough Co,Sc L Ephemerella subvaria McDunnough Co,Sc H Eurylophella Co L* Eurylophella aestiva (McDunnough) Co H Eurylophella bicolor (Clemens) Co L Eurylophella enoensis Funk Co H**** Eurylophella funeralis (McDunnough) Sh L Eurylophella macdunnoughi Funk Co Eurylophella verisimilis (McDunnough) Co L

15 Page 15 of 30 Ephemerellidae Serratella Co L* Serratella deficiens (Morgan) Co L Serratella frisoni (McDunnough) Co Serratella serratoides (McDunnough) Co L Serratella sordida (McDunnough) Co H Ephemeridae Ephemeridae Co,Pr H Ephemera Co,Pr L Ephemera guttulata Pictet Co,Pr B Ephemera simulans Walker Co,Pr K Ephemera traverae Spieth Co,Pr Ephemera varia Eaton Co,Pr Hexagenia Co L Hexagenia atrocaudata McDunnough Co K Hexagenia bilineata (Say) Co K Hexagenia limbata Serville Co K Hexagenia rigida McDunnough Co K Heptageniidae Heptageniidae Pr H Epeorus Co L Heptagenia Sc,Co L Leucrocuta Sc,Co L Macdunnoa Sc,Co K Nixe Sc,Co B Rhithrogena Co L Stenacron Co L Stenonema Sc,Co L* Stenonema bednariki McCafferty Sc,Co L* Stenonema exiguum Traver Sc,Co H Stenonema femoratum (Say) Sc,Co L Stenonema integrum (McDunnough) Sc,Co L Stenonema luteum (Clemens) Sc,Co Stenonema mediopunctatum (McDunnough) Sc,Co L Stenonema modestum (Banks) Sc,Co L Stenonema pulchellum (Walsh) Sc,Co H Stenonema terminatum (Walsh) Sc,Co L Stenonema vicarium (Walker) Sc,Co L Isonychiidae Isonychiidae Fi H Isonychia Fi L Isonychia bicolor (Walker) Fi H Isonychia rufa McDunnough Fi K

16 Page 16 of 30 Isonychiidae Isonychia sayi Burks Fi Isonychia sicca Burks Fi K Leptohyphidae Leptohyphidae Co H Tricorythodes Co L Leptophlebiidae Leptophlebiidae Co,Sc H Choroterpes Co,Sc H Habrophlebiodes Sc,Co H Leptophlebia Co L Neochoroterpes Co,Sc Paraleptophlebia Co,Sh L Traverella Co Neoephemeridae Neoephemeridae Co Neoephemera Co Palingeniidae Palingeniidae Co K Pentagenia vittigera (Walsh) Co K Polymitarcyidae Polymitarcyidae Co H Ephoron Co K Ephoron album (Say) Co K Ephoron leukon Williamson Co L Tortopus primus (McDunnough) Co K Potamanthidae Potamanthidae Fi H Anthopotamus Fi L Pseudironidae Pseudironidae Pr H Pseudiron centralis McDunnough Pr H Siphlonuridae Siphlonuridae Co,Sc H Siphlonurus Co,Sc L Hemiptera Belostomatidae Belostoma Pr L Lethocerus Pr K Corixidae Corixidae Pr,Mp K Corisella Pr K Hesperocorixa Mp B Palmacorixa K Ramphocorixa , K Sigara Mp,Co K Trichocorixa Pr,Co K Gelastocoridae Gelastocoris Pr K Gerridae Gerridae Pr Aquarius Pr K

17 Page 17 of 30 Gerridae Gerris Pr K Metrobates Pr K Rheumatobates Pr K Trepobates Pr K Hebridae Hebrus Pr K Merragata Pr K Hydrometridae Hydrometra Pr K Mesoveliidae Mesovelia Pr K Naucoridae Pelocoris Nepidae Nepa Pr K Ranatra Pr L Ranatra fusca Beauvois Pr K Ranatra kirkaldyi Bueno Pr K Ranatra nigra Herrich-Schaffer Pr K Notonectidae Buenoa Pr K Notonecta Pr K Pleidae Neoplea Pr K Saldidae Saldidae Pr Micracanthia Pr K Pentacora Pr K Saldula Pr K Veliidae Veliidae Pr Microvelia Pr K Platyvelia Pr Rhagovelia Pr K Steinovelia Pr Hymenoptera Braconidae Braconidae Pa Scelionidae Scelionidae Pa Lepidoptera Cossidae Cossidae He Nepticulidae Nepticula He Noctuidae Noctuidae He Bellura He Simyra He Pyralidae Pyralidae He Nymphula He H Parapoynx He H Petrophila Sc,He L

18 Page 18 of 30 Pyralidae Schoenobius He Megaloptera Corydalidae Chauliodes Pr H Chauliodes pectinicornis (Linnaeus) Pr H Chauliodes rastricornis Rombur Pr H Corydalus Pr L Nigronia fasciatus (Walker) Pr L Nigronia serricornis (Say) Pr L Sialidae Sialis Pr L Neuroptera Sisyridae Climacia Pr L Sisyra Pr Odonata Aeshnidae Aeshnidae Pr H Aeshna , 56 Pr K Anax , 56 Pr K Basiaeschna janata (Say) , 56 Pr L Boyeria , 56 Pr L Epiaeschna heros (Fabricius) , 56 Pr K Nasiaeschna pentacantha (Rambur) , 56 Pr L Calopterygidae Calopterygidae Pr H Calopteryx , 56 Pr L Hetaerina , 56 Pr L Coenagrionidae Coenagrionidae Pr H Amphiagrion , 56 Pr K Argia , 56 Pr L Chromagrion , 56 Pr Enallagma , 56 Pr L Ischnura , 56 Pr L Nehalennia , 56 Pr Telebasis Pr Cordulegastridae Cordulegaster , 56 Pr L Gomphidae Gomphidae Pr K Arigomphus , 56 Pr K Dromogomphus , 56 Pr L Erpetogomphus , 56 Pr K Gomphus , 56 Pr L Hagenius brevistylus Selys , 56 Pr L Ophiogomphus , 56 Pr L

19 Page 19 of 30 Gomphidae Progomphus obscurus (Rambur) , 56 Pr L Stylogomphus albistylus (Hagen) , 56 Pr L Stylurus , 56 Pr H Lestidae Lestidae Pr H Archilestes , 56 Pr K Lestes , 56 Pr K Libellulidae Libellulidae Pr Corduliinae Corduliinae Pr H Corduliinae Epicordulia , 56 Pr L Corduliinae Helocordulia , 56 Pr Corduliinae Neurocordulia , 56 Pr L* Corduliinae Somatochlora , 56 Pr L Corduliinae Tetragoneuria , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Brachymesia , 56 Pr Libellulinae Celithemis , 56 Pr K Libellulinae Dythemis , 56 Pr K Libellulinae Erythemis , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Erythrodiplax Pr Libellulinae Leucorrhinia , 56 Pr K Libellulinae Libellula , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Orthemis ferruginea (Fabricus) Pr K Libellulinae Pachydiplax longipennis (Burmeister) , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Pantala , 56 Pr K Libellulinae Perithemis , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Plathemis , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Sympetrum , 56 Pr L Libellulinae Tramea , 56 Pr Macromiinae Didymops , 56 Pr K Macromiinae Macromia , 56 Pr L Petaluridae Petaluridae Pr Tachopteryx thoreyi (Hagen) , 56 Pr K Plecoptera Capniidae Capniidae Sh H Allocapnia Sh L Nemocapnia carolina Banks Sh Paracapnia angulata Hanson Sh L Chloroperlidae Chloroperlidae Pr,Co H Alloperla Pr L Haploperla Pr,Co L

20 Page 20 of 30 Leuctridae Leuctridae Sh H Leuctra Sh L Zealeuctra Sh B Nemouridae Nemouridae Sh,Sc H Amphinemura Sh L Prostoia Sh,Sc L Shipsa rotunda (Claassen) Sh,Sc L Perlidae Perlidae Pr L Acroneuria , 62 Pr L* Agnetina capitata (Pictet) Pr H Agnetina flavescens (Walsh) Pr L Attaneuria ruralis (Hagen) K Neoperla Pr L Paragnetina Pr L* Paragnetina kansensis (Banks) Pr L Paragnetina media (Walker) Pr H Perlesta Pr,Co L Perlinella drymo Pr L Perlinella ephyre Pr L Perlodidae Perlodidae Pr H Clioperla clio (Newman) Pr L Diploperla Pr L Helopicus nalatus (Frison) Pr K Hydroperla Pr K Hydroperla crosbyi (Needham & Pr K Hydroperla fugitans (Needham & Pr K Isoperla Pr,Co L Pteronarcyidae Pteronarcyidae Sh H Pteronarcys pictetii Hagen Sh L Taeniopterygidae Taeniopterygidae Sh,Co H Strophopteryx Sh L Strophopteryx arkansae Ricker and Ross Sh Strophopteryx cucullata Frison Sh Strophopteryx fasciata (Burmeister) Sh H Taeniopteryx Sh,Co L Taeniopteryx burksi Ricker and Ross Sh,Co L Taeniopteryx lita Frison Sh,Co Taeniopteryx lonicera Ricker and Ross Sh,Co H Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet) Sh,Co

21 Page 21 of 30 Taeniopterygidae Taeniopteryx metequi Ricker and Ross Sh,Co L Taeniopteryx parvula Banks Sh,Co H Trichoptera Brachycentridae Brachycentridae Fi H Brachycentrus Fi L Brachycentrus americanus Banks Fi H Brachycentrus lateralis (Say) Fi L Brachycentrus numerosus Say Fi L Brachycentrus occidentalis Banks Fi H Micrasema Sh L Glossosomatidae Glossosomatidae Sc,Co H Agapetus Sc,Co L Glossosoma Sc L Protoptila Sc L Helicopsychidae Helicopsychidae Sc H Helicopsyche Sc L Hydropsychidae Hydropsychidae Fi H Ceratopsyche Fi L Ceratopsyche morosa grp Fi L* Ceratopsyche piatrix Ross Fi Ceratopsyche slossonae Banks Fi L Cheumatopsyche Fi L Diplectrona Fi L Hydropsyche Fi L Macrostemum Fi L Potamyia flava (Hagen) Fi H Hydroptilidae Hydroptilidae H Agraylea He,Sc H Hydroptila He,Sc L Ithytrichia Sc B Leucotrichia Sc,Co L Neotrichia Sc H Ochrotrichia Co,He K Orthotrichia Co,He L Oxyethira He,Co H Stactobiella Sh K Lepidostomatidae Lepidostomatidae Sh H Lepidostoma Sh L Leptoceridae Leptoceridae Sh,Co H

22 Page 22 of 30 Leptoceridae Ceraclea Co,Sh L Leptocerus americanus (Banks) Sh K Mystacides Sh,Co L Nectopsyche Sh,Co L* Nectopsyche albida (Walker) Sh,Co K Nectopsyche candida (Hagen) Sh,Co L Nectopsyche diarina (Ross) Sh,Co K Nectopsyche exquisita (Walker) Sh,Co L Nectopsyche pavida (Hagen) Sh,Co L Nectopsyche spiloma (Ross) Sh,Co K Oecetis Pr,He L Setodes Co,Pr L Triaenodes Sh L* Limnephilidae Limnephilidae Sh,Co H Frenesia Sh H Glyphopsyche missouri Ross Sh Hesperophylax Sh,He H Hydatophylax Sh,Co L Ironoquia Sh L Leptophylax Sh,He Limnephilus Sh,He K Platycentropus Sh H Pseudostenophylax Sh,Co H Pycnopsyche Sh L Molannidae Molannidae Sc,Co H Molanna Sc,Co L Odontoceridae Odontoceridae Sh,Sc H Marilia Sh Psilotreta Sc,Co L Philopotamidae Philopotamidae Fi H Chimarra Fi L Dolophilodes Fi L Wormaldia Fi L Phryganeidae Phryganeidae Sh,Pr H Agrypnia Sh K Banksiola Sh,Pr Phryganea Sh,Pr K Ptilostomis Sh,Pr L Polycentropodidae Polycentropodidae Pr,Fi H

23 Page 23 of 30 Polycentropodidae Cernotina Pr K Cyrnellus fraternus (Banks) Fi L Neureclipsis Fi,Sh L Nyctiophylax Pr,Co L Phylocentropus Fi L Polycentropus Pr,Co L Psychomyiidae Psychomyiidae Co,Sc H Lype diversa (Banks) Sc L Psychomyia Co,Sc L* Rhyacophilidae Rhyacophilidae Pr H Rhyacophila Pr L* Uenoidae Uenoidae Sc H***** Neophylax Sc L Mollusca Bivalvia Pelecypoda Fi Unionida Unionidae Unionidae Fi Veneroidea Corbiculidae Corbicula Fi L Dreissenidae Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) Fi B Sphaeriidae Sphaeriidae Fi Pisidium Fi L Sphaerium Fi L Gastropoda Limnophila Ancylidae Ancylidae , 82 Sc L*** Ferrissia , 82 Sc L Laevapex , 82 Sc L Rhodacmaea , 82 Sc Lymnaeidae Lymnaeidae , 82 Sc Fossaria , 82 Sc Pseudosuccinea , 82 Sc L Stagnicola , 82 Sc L Physidae Physella Haldeman , 82 Sc L Planorbidae Planorbidae , 82 Sc Gyraulus , 82 Sc B Helisoma , 82 Sc L

24 Page 24 of 30 Planorbidae Menetus , 82 Sc L Planorbella , 82 Sc Planorbula , 82 Sc Promenetus , 82 Sc Mesogastropoda Gastropoda , 82 Sc Hydrobiidae Hydrobiidae , 82 Sc B Pleuroceridae Elimia , 82 Sc L Leptoxis , 82 Sc L Lithasia , 82 Sc Pleurocera , 82 Sc B Pomatipsidae Pomatiopsis lapidaria (Say) Sc Valvatidae Valvata , 82 Sc B Viviparidae Campeloma , 82 Sc L Cipangopaludina , 82 Sc Lioplax , 82 Sc Viviparus , 82 Sc B Nematomorpha Chordodidae Chordodidae Pa Gordiidae Gordiidae Pa Platyhelminthes Tricladida Planariidae Planariidae Co L

25 Appendix B Page 25 of 30 APPENDIX B General References 1 Merritt, R. W. and K. W. Cummins (eds) An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company, Dubuque, IA. 862 pp. 2 Pennak, R. W Freshwater invertebrates of the United States-Protozoa to Mollusca (third edition). John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York, NY. 628 pp. 3 Thorp, J. H. and A. P. Covich, (eds.) Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. 911 pp. Turbellaria 4 Kolasa, J Flatworms: Turbellaria and Nemertea. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp Nematomorpha 5 Poinar, G. O., Jr Nematoda and Nematomorpha. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp Oligochaeta 6 Kathman, R. D. and R. O. Brinkhurst Guide to the freshwater oligochaetes of North America. Aquatic Resources Center, College Grove, TN. 264 pp. 7 Brinkhurst, R. O. and S. R. Gelder Annelida: Oligochaeta and Branchiobdellida. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich, (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp Hirudinea 8 Klemm, D. J Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Publication EPA-600/ pp. 9 Davies, R. W Annelida: Leeches, Polychaetes, and Acanthobdellids. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich, (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp Crustacea 10 Covich, A. P. and J. H. Thorp Crustacea: Introduction and Peracarida. In: J. H. Thorp and A. P. Covich (eds.). Ecology and classification of North American freshwater invertebrates. Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, CA. pp

26 Appendix B Page 26 of Hobbs, H. H., Jr Crayfishes (Astacidae) of North and Middle America. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series ELD05/ pp. 12 Holsinger, J. R The freshwater amphipod crustaceans (Gammaridae) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series ELD04/ pp. 13 Holsinger, J.R Allocrangonyctidae and Pseudocrangonyctidae, two new families of Holarctic subterranean amphipod Crustaceans (Gammaridea), with comments on their phylogenetic and zoogeographic relationships. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 102(4): Pflieger, W. L The crayfishes of Missouri. Missouri Dept. Conservation, Jefferson City, MO. 152 pp. 15 Williams, W. D Freshwater isopods (Asellidae) of North America. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series ELD05/ pp. Coleoptera 16 Brown, H. P Aquatic dryopoid beetles (Coleoptera) of the United States. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Water Pollut. Control Res. Series ELD04/ pp. 17 Larson, D. J., Y. Alarie, and R.E. Roughley Predaceous Diving Beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) of the Nearctic Region, with emphasis on the fauna of Canada and Alaska. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Canada. 982 pp. 18 White, D. S A revision of the nearctic Optioservus (Coleoptera: Elmidae), with descriptions of new species. Syst. Entomol. 3: White, D. S., and W. U. Brigham Aquatic Coleoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publishing Co., Dubuque IA. pp Diptera 20 Bode, R. W Larvae of North American Eukiefferiella and Tvetenia (Diptera: Chironomidae). New York State Museum. Bull. No pp. 21 Byers, G. W Tipulidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Coffman, W. P. and L. C. Ferrington, Jr Chironomidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Courtney, G. W., H. J. Teskey, R. W. Merrit, and B. A. Foote Aquatic Diptera. Part one. Larvae of aquatic Diptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Epler, John H Identification Manual for the Larval Chironomidae (Diptera) of North and South Carolina. North Carolina Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources. 25 Maschwitz, D. E. and E. F. Cook Revision of the Nearctic species of the genus Polypedilum Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) in the subgenera P. (Polypedilum) Kieffer and P. (Uresipedilum)

27 Appendix B Page 27 of 30 Oyewo and Saether. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, OH. 135 pp. 26 Peterson, B. V Simuliidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Simpson, K. W. and R. W. Bode Common larvae of Chironomidae (Diptera) from New York state streams and rivers. NY State Museum Bull. 439: Walker, E. D. and H. D. Newson Culicidae. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Wiederholm, T. (ed.) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part I. Larvae. Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 19: Wiederholm, T. (ed.) Chironomidae of the Holarctic region. Keys and diagnoses. Part II. Pupae. Entomol. Scand. Suppl. 28: Ephemeroptera 31 Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) III. The subgenus Attenuatella. J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 34(4): Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) VI. The subgenus Serratella in North America. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 56: Allen, R. K. and G. F. Edmunds, Jr A revision of the genus Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae) VIII. The subgenus Ephemerella. Misc. Pub. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 4: Bednarik, A. F. and W. P. McCafferty Biosystematic revision of the genus Stenonema (Ephemeroptera: Hepatageniidae). Can. Bull. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 201: Burks, B. D The mayflies, or Ephemeroptera, of Illinois. Bull. Ill. Nat. Hist. Surv. 26: Edmunds, G. F., Jr, and R. D. Waltz Ephemeroptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Edmunds, G. F., Jr., S. L. Jensen, and L. Berner The mayflies of North and Central America. Univ. Minn. Press, Minneapolis, MN. 330 pp. 38 Funk, D. H. and B. W. Sweeney The larvae of Eastern North American Eurylophella Tiensuu (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 120(3): Henry, B. C., Jr A revision of Neochoroterpes (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). New status. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 119(4): Kondratieff, B. C. and J. R. Voshell, Jr The North and Central American species of Isonychia (Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 110: Lugo-Ortiz, C.R., and W.P. McCafferty A new North American genus of Baetidae (Ephemeroptera) and key to Baetis complex genera. Entomol. News 109(5): McCafferty, W. P The burrowing mayflies (Ephemeroptera: Ephemeroidea) of the United States. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 101: McCafferty, W. P Biosystematics of Dannella and related subgenera of Ephemerella (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerellidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 70(6): McCafferty, W. P A distinctive new species of Stenonema. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 83(3): Pescador, M. L. and L. Berner The mayfly family Baetiscidae (Epemeroptera), Part II, Biosystematatics of the genus Baetisca. Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 107:

28 Appendix B Page 28 of Provonsha, A. V A revision of the genus Caenis in North America (Ephemeroptera: Caenidae). Trans. Amer. Entomol. Soc. 116(4): Provonsha, A. V. and W. P. McCafferty Amercaenis: new nearctic genus of Caenidae (Ephemeroptera). International Quart. Entomol. 1: 1-7. Hemiptera 48 Polhemus, J. T Aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Sites, R. W. and J. T. Polhemus Nepidae (Hemiptera) of the United States and Canada. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 87(1): Hymenoptera 50 Hagen, K. S Aquatic Hymenoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ.Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Lepidoptera 51 Lange, W. H Aquatic and semiaquatic Lepidoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Megaloptera and Neuroptera 52 Cuyler, R. D The larvae of Chauliodes Latreille (Megaloptera:Corydalidae). Annals Entomol. Soc. Amer. 51: Evans, E. D. and H. H. Neunzig Megaloptera and aquatic Neuroptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Neunzig, H. H Larvae of the genus Nigronia Banks. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Washinton. 68(1): Odonata 55 Needham, J. G., M. J. Westfall, Jr., and M.L. May Dragonflies of North America. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL. 939 pp. 56 Trial, L. and J. Belshe Atlas of Missouri Odonata. Missouri Department of Conservation, Columbia, Missouri. 160 pp. 57 Westfall, M. J., Jr., and K. J. Tennessen Odonata. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Westfall, M.J., Jr., and M.L. May Damselflies of North America. Scientific Publishers, Gainesville, FL. 649 pp.

29 Appendix B Page 29 of 30 Plecoptera 59 Fullington, K. E., and K. W. Stewart Nymphs of the stonefly genus Taeniopteryx (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae) of North America. J. Kansas. Entomol. Soc. 53(2): Poulton, B. C. and K. W. Stewart The stoneflies of the Ozark and Ouachita Mountains (Plecoptera). Memoirs Amer. Entmol. Soc. # pp. 61 Stark, B. P. and A. R. Gaufin The nearctic species of Acroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae). J. Kans. Entomol. Soc. 49(2): Stewart, K. W., and P. P. Harper Plecoptera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Stewart, K. W. and B. P. Stark Nymphs of North American stonefly genera (Plecoptera). Thomas Say Found. Series, Volume 12, Amer. Entomol. Soc., Hyattsville, MD. 460 pp. Trichoptera 64 Flint, O. S., Jr Larvae of the caddisfly genus Rhyacophila in Eastern North America. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 113: Flint, O. S., Jr The genus Brachycentrus in North America, with a proposed phylogeny of the genera of Brachycentridae (Trichoptera). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. No pp. 66 Floyd, M. A Larvae of the caddisfly genus Oecetis (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in North America. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, OH. 85 pp. 67 Glover, J. B Larvae of the caddisfly genera Triaenodes and Ylodes (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in North America. Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus, OH. 89 pp. 68 Glover, J. B Larvae of the genus Nectopsyche (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in eastern North America, including a new species from North Carolina. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc. 23(3): Haddock, J. D The biosystematics of the caddisfly genus Nectopsyche in North America with emphasis on the aquatic stages. Amer. Mid. Nat. 98(2): Morse, J. C. and R. W. Holzenthall Tricoptera genera. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp Moulton, S. R., Jr. and K. W. Stewart Caddisflies (Trichoptera) of the interior highlands of North America. Memoirs Amer. Entomol. Inst. 56: Schefter, P. W. and G. B. Wiggins A systematic study of the Nearctic larvae of the Hydropsyche morosa group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Royal Ont. Mus. Life Sci. Misc. Publ., Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Ontario, Canada. 94 pp. 73 Schuster, G. A. and D. A. Etnier A manual for the identification of the larvae of the caddisfly genera Hydropsyche Pictet and Symphitopsyche Ulmer in Eastern and Central North America (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Publication EPA-600/ pp. 74 Wiggins, G. B Larvae of the North American caddisfly genera (Trichoptera)(second edition). Univ. Toronto Press, Toronto, Ont. 457 pp. 75 Wiggins, G. B Trichoptera families. In: R. W. Merritt and K. W. Cummins (eds.). An introduction to the aquatic insects of North America (third edition). Kendall/Hunt Publ. Co., Dubuque, IA. pp