Water Quality and Habitat in Shingle Creek
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1 Water Quality and Habitat in Shingle Creek
2 Definitions Habitat Meander Riffle Pool Cobble Substrate Buffer
3 Stream Invertebrates Much of the aquatic life in streams is composed of benthic macroinvertebrates. Macroinvertebrate includes clams, crayfish, worms, and insects. Macroinvertebrates do not have internal skeletons, are larger than 5 microns, and, typically, live on a stream substrate (bottom, woody debris, macrophyte, etc..)
4 Aquatic insect orders Order Number of North American aquatic species (estimated) Larvae Adults Ephemeroptera (mayflies) 572 Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies) 357 Plecoptera (stoneflies) 582 Trichoptera (caddisflies) Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s4
5 Aquatic insect orders Order Number of North American aquatic species (estimated) Larvae Adults Diptera (flies and midges) Hemiptera (true bugs) 410 Coleoptera (beetles) Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s5
6 Aquatic insect orders Order Number of North American aquatic species (estimated) Larvae Adults Megaloptera (alderflies and dobsonflies) 43 Neuroptera (spongilla flies) 6 Lepidoptera (moths) 635 Hymenoptera (parasitic wasps) 55 Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s6
7 Other macroinvertebrates Annelids (leeches and aquatic worms) Molluscs (clams, mussels, and snails) Crustaceans (crayfish, amphipods, and mites) Developed by: Merrick, Richards Updated: August 2003 U1-m4-s7
8 Shredders Dominant food Plants Coarse particulate organic material (CPOM) Wood Feeding mechanisms Herbivores - Chew and mine live plants Detritivores - Chew on CPOM Representatives Scathophagidae (dung flies) Tipulidae (crane flies) Crane flies
9 Collectors Dominant food Decompose fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) Feeding mechanisms Filterers - Detritivores Gatherers - Detritivores Representatives Filterers Hydropsychidae Simulidae (black flies) Gatherers Elmidae (riffle beetles) Chironomini Baetis Ephemerella Hexagenia
10 Scrapers Dominant food Periphyton (attached algae) Feeding mechanisms Graze and scrape mineral and organic surfaces Representatives Helicopsychidae Psephenidae (water pennies) Thaumaleidae (solitary midges) Glossosoma Heptagenia
11 Predators Dominant food Living animal tissue Feeding mechanisms Engulfers - Attack prey and ingest whole animals Piercers - Pierce tissues, suck fluids Representatives Engulfers Anisoptera (dragonflies) Acroneuria Corydalus (hellgrammites) Piercers Veliidae (water striders) Corixidae (water boatmen) Tabanidae (deerflies & horseflies)
12 Most Common Inverts in Shingle Creek Hyalella (scuds) Oligichaeta (worms) Cladocera (water fleas) Corixidae (water boatman)
13 Habitat Requirements Shredders: backwaters, overhanging vegetation, leaf packs Collectors: riffles, woody debris, substrate Scrapers: rocks, riffles Predators: clear water, vegetation, rocks
14 Riffle
15 Most Common Fish in Shingle Creek White sucker Johnny darter Bigmouth shiner Common carp
16 Fish Habitat Requirements Top of the food chain: need inverts High dissolved oxygen: riffles Clear water: visual predators Sand and gravel substrate to spawn Pools, backwaters Overhanging vegetation No barriers
17 Shingle Creek Habitat
18
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20 Rock vane and pool
21 Caddisfly nets Rock and cobble substrate
22
23 Native buffers Long roots stabilize streambanks Filter stormwater Provide bird and other wildlife habitat (snapping turtles)
24 Overhanging vegetation Buffers filter runoff
25
26
27 Where s the water?
28
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