Overview. Creating Walkable, Bikeable Communities Developing Effective Active Transportation Projects and Programs. Add photo or photos

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1 Creatig Walkable, Bikeable Commuities Developig Effective Active Trasportatio Projects ad Programs Add photo or photos Sposored by Caltras ad [local sposors] Overview Effective itervetios that ca improve coditios for active trasportatio Cuttig edge approaches, ew techiques Recet support for iovative bicycle ad pedestria facilities Project prioritizatio techiques Module 4: ATP Project Desig ad Prioritizatio Egieerig Educatio Eforcemet Workig Together 3 E s approach Comprehesive Commuicative Cooperative Syergy: Each makes the other more effective Right desig ivites right use 1

2 Good, Safe Cyclig Streets Have: Protected Space, with Or Miimal coflicts at itersectios 20 mph desig speed Shared Space, with Low Vehicle Speed Low Traffic Volume Ad Always Smooth surfaces Direct Coectios Courtesy: Dave Syder, Califoria Bicycle Coalitio Geeral Priciple to Support Active Trasportatio: Reduce Vehicle Speeds Drivers field of visio ad ability to see pedestrias Drivers ability to react ad avoid a crash Crash Severity 15 MPH As speed icreases, driver focuses less o surroudigs As speed icreases, driver focuses less o surroudigs MPH MPH 2

3 Speed Affects Crash Avoidace Speed Affects Crash Severity High speeds equate to loger reactio ad stoppig distace W.A. Leaf ad D.F. Preusser, Literature Review o Vehicle Travel Speeds ad Pedestria Ijuries Amog Selected Racial/Ethic Groups, US Departmet of Trasportatio, Natioal Highway Traffic Safety Admiistratio (1999). Curbs ad sidewalks slow traffic more tha speed sig Makig Room for Bicycles ad Pedestrias Road Diet or Road Right-Sizig Lower vehicle speeds Reduce umber of coflicts Reduced coflicts/crashes Icrease i parkig utilizatio Icrease i walkig/bicyclig FHWA Road Diet Iformatioal Guide diets/ifo_guide/rdig.pdf 3

4 3 crash types ca be reduced by goig from 4 to 3 laes: 1 rear eders 3 crash types ca be reduced by goig from 4 to 3 laes: 2 side swipes X X Desigig Streets for Pedestrias Road Diets 9-13 Desigig Streets for Pedestrias Road Diets crash types ca be reduced by goig from 4 to 3 laes: 3 left tur/broadside Classic Road Diet Edgewater Drive, Orlado X Desigig Streets for Pedestrias Road Diets 9-15 Before 34% Reductio i Vehicle Crashes 68% Reductio i Ijury Crashes Speedig reduced throughout corridor Traffic Volumes: 20,500 before, 21,000+ after O-Street Parkig Utilizatio icreased from 29% to 41% Pedestria volumes icreased by 23% Bicycle volumes icreased by 30% After 4

5 Makig Room for Bicycles ad Pedestrias Reducig lae widths of urba streets 10 ad 11 laes are just as safe as 12 laes o urba arterials with speeds 45 mph ad less AASHTO Gree Book allows arrower laes: 10 o lower speed arterials & collectors 11 for streets with high truck volumes Coutermeasures for Crossig Crashes Crosswalks Illumiatio Sigs Stripig Medias/pedestria islads Sigals Relatioship of Lae Width to Safety for Urba ad Suburba Arterials : Study by Potts, Harwood, ad Richard Icrease Effectiveess Of Crosswalks With: Proper locatio High Visibility Markigs Illumiatio Sigig Advace Stop Bars Media Islads Curb Extesios Sigals Marked crosswalk must be visible to the DRIVER What the pedestria sees Atlata GA 5

6 Marked crosswalk must be visible to the DRIVER Crosswalk Visibility What the driver sees (same crosswalk) Crosswalk Markig Types Atlata GA Use High Visibility Crosswalks Illumiatio Essetial For Ay Crossig Marked crosswalk? Light it. Up to 50% of pedestria crashes occur at ight Logitudial markigs are more visible to driver from afar 6

7 Lightig Locatio is Importat Old Way New Way Old Way Multiple Threat Crash Problem Explaatio for why crashes icrease at marked crosswalks 1st car stops to let pedestria cross, blockig sight lies 2d car does t stop, hits pedestria New Way Iformatioal Report o Lightig Desig for Midblock Crosswalks ( Multiple Threat Crash Solutio Advace stop/yield lie 1st car stops further back, opeig up sight lies 2d car ca be see by pedestria Tusti, CA Advace yield lie (shark s teeth) ad sig 2009 MUTCD Sectio 3B.16 ad Figure 3B-17 7

8 Raised Media or Media Islad Crossig islad at marked crosswalk same priciple: Breaks log complex crossig ito two simpler crossigs Breaks log complex crossig ito two simpler crossigs Curb extesios Most focus has bee o reduced crossig distace Other advatages: Better visibility betwee pedestrias, cyclists ad motorists Traffic calmig Room for street furiture Reduced delay for motorists at stop-cotrolled itersectios Curb extesios should be the width of the parkig lae ad ot ecroach o bike laes or travel laes Desigig for Pedestria Safety Itersectio Geometry Desigig for Pedestria Better Safety Itersectio Visibility Geometry

9 Temporary Curb Extesios Curb Extesios calm traffic ad provide room for street furiture Sa Fracisco, CA Trail Crossigs Lead Pedestria Iterval (LPI) Looks like a regular sigal to drivers: gree-yellow-red Crossig 4-lae arterial Crossig 5-lae arterial RTC Report: Across the Arterial: Mid-block Shared-Use Path Crossigs of Multilae Roadways i Califoria, Salem ORs 9

10 Rectagular Rapid Flashig Beacos (RRFB) Supplemet warig sigs at usigalized itersectios or midblock crosswalks. Icrease driver yieldig behavior Sacrameto, CA LPI : WALK comes o at least 3 secods prior to the gree sigal; pedestrias eter crosswalk before turig vehicles arrive there. Sacrameto CA 6-37 Pedestria Hybrid Beaco aka HAWK (High Itesity Activated Crosswalk) Drivers see Hybrid Beaco Pedestrias see Pedestria Sigal Head Icluded i the 2009 MUTCD 2009 MUTCD Chapter 4F Pedestria Hybrid Beacos CRF = 60% Tusco AZ Tucso AZ 10

11 Pedestria Hybrid Beaco Sequece 1 Blak for drivers 2 Flashig yellow 3 Steady yellow 4 Steady red 5 Wig-Wag Retur to 1 Califoria MUTCD, 2014 Editio, Chapter 4F Example: Recofigured Ramp Termius Old ramp aligmet Recetly Approved Desig Iovatios & Improvemets More Flexible Desig Guidelie Protected Bikeways 3-Foot Passig Law Large agle = wide crossig ad high-speed turs Tight agle = short crossig ad slow speed turs Revisios to CA Highway Desig Maual (HDM) ad CA Maual o Uiform Traffic Cotrol Devices (MUTCD) Upcomig Revisios to HDM 11

12 Caltras Edorsemet of NACTO Guides Natioal Associatio of City Trasportatio Officials (NACTO) Guide may be used i additio to (or i place of) the Caltras HDM if: Caltras Edorsemet of NACTO Guides Urba Bikeway Desig Guide Iovative treatmets for bike boulevards, sigs, pavemet markigs, ad itersectios Approved by registered egieer Its use is adopted by resolutio at public hearig. Caltras Edorsemet of NACTO Guides Urba Street Desig Guide Desig of streets, itersectios, ad desig cotrols (icludes fuctioal classificatio, performace measures ad desig speed) Available free, olie at acto.org/usdg 12

13 Class IV Separated Bikeway approved Desig stadards developed December 2016 Also kow as a protected bike lae Serves the iterested but cocered AB 1193 Protected Bikeways Act Created Class 4 protected bikeway or cycle track Caltras developed desig stadards i early 2016 Protected Bikeway without Parkig Califoria Examples of Cycletracks Log Beach Log Beach Temple City, CA Ripo Temple City 13

14 Caltras Class IV Bikeway Guidace Available at: _laes_the_ew_ormal Desig Iformatio Bulleti #89 Caltras Class IV Bikeway Guidace 3-Foot Passig Law Class IV Separated Bikeway Desig Webiar Comig Soo PASS 3FT MIN Photo Credit: Napa Couty Bicycle Coalitio 14

15 CA Maual o Uiform Traffic Cotrol Devices (MUTCD) Buffered bicycle laes Cotraflow bicycle laes Bicycle lae extesios through itersectios Buffered Bicycle Laes Provides greater distace betwee bicyclists ad motor vehicles. Cotributes to bicyclist perceptio of safety Updated crossig time guidace for seiors ad people with disabilities Crosswalk ehacemets across ucotrolled itersectios Cotraflow Bicycle Laes Provides additioal coectivity for bicycle facility etwork Reduces wrog-way ridig Chicago, IL Bicycle Lae Extesio through Itersectio Helps guide bicyclists through itersectios Reduces coflicts betwee bicyclists ad turig motorists 15

16 Bicycle Sigal Faces Separates bicycle movemets from other modes at sigalized itersectios Bike Boxes Improves visibility of bicyclists to motorists Facilitates bicyclist left turs Reduces right-hook coflicts with turig vehicles Pedestria Updates to MUTCD Updated crossig time guidace for seiors ad people with disabilities 2.8 feet/secod should be used where older or disabled pedestrias routiely use the crosswalk (Sec. 4E.06.10a) Future HDM Revisios Curretly approved for experimetal use 2-stage tur queue boxes Gree sharrows Crosswalk ehacemets across ucotrolled itersectios Should iclude additioal safety ehacemets desiged to reduce traffic speeds, shorte crossig distaces, ehace driver awareess, ad/or provide active warig of pedestria presece (Sec. 3B.18.09) 16

17 2-Stage Tur Queue Boxes Assists bicyclists makig 2- stage left tur Gree Sharrows Icrease visibility of sharrows to all roadway users Reduces coflicts betwee bicyclists ad motor vehicles Project Prioritizatio Tools Humboldt Couty Associatio of Govermets SRTS Prioritizatio Tool Sa Fracisco SRTS Prioritizatio Tool Natioal Ceter for SRTS: Safety-based prioritizatio of schools for SRTS Ifrastructure Projects New York City DOT Safe Streets for Seiors Humboldt CAG Prioritizatio Tool _report_fial_draft_0.pdf Combies GIS-based spatial data ad qualitative matrix to uderstad school s readiess to proceed with SR2S programs. Three categories of criteria: School readiess for SR2S projects ad programs (gathered through school SR2S ivetory calls ad SR2S paret surveys). School iteral eed (demographic factors withi the school that may idicate eed for SR2S programs). School exteral eed (physical ad socioecoomic factors i the immediate viciity of school) 17

18 Sa Fracisco SRTS Prioritizatio System Ifrastructure chages: Prioritize schools with a lot of kids walkig ad safety cocers Step 1: Compile Data (erollmet, % who walk, pedestria crashes) Step 2: Classify schools ito 5 tiers (Calculate quartiles walkers ad ped crashes) Step 3: Reality Check Step 4: Rak withi tiers OR Feasibility scree Sa Fracisco SRTS Prioritizatio System No-Ifrastructure projects: Prioritize schools with the highest potetial for more walkers Step 1: Compile Data (erollmet, % w/i 1 mile, % who walk, # o-walkers) Step 2: Rak by o-walkers Step 3: Solicit participatio Natioal Ceter for SRTS Prioritizatio Tool for Ifrastructure Projects Prioritizig_Ifrastructure_Projects.PDF Step 1: Prioritize Schools Worksheet to record key factors Crash history Safety cocers Curret or potetial use Assig schools to groups Step 2: Coduct field reviews of highest priority schools NYC Safe Streets for Seiors 12% of populatio are seiors; 36% of traffic fatalities are seior pedestrias Idetified seior pedestria issues Not eough time to cross Broke/Missig ped ramps Faded/Hard-to-see markigs Poor draiage i crosswalks Turig vehicles fail to yield 18

19 NYC Safe Streets for Seiors GIS mappig of Seior Severe Ijury Desity Used to select top priority focus areas Developed Toolbox Daylightig Coutdow Sigals Sigal Timig Ped Safety Islads Road Diet Sidewalk Extesio NYC Safe Streets for Seiors Tracked results by year Questios/Commets? 19