ANCHORING AND FIXING Luxembourg, April 9 th and 10 th 2013

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2 Preliminary Test and process definitions What we want to do? Determine the best way to conduct the principal campaign of tests. We received different anchor samples. That we organized according to functional family, factory, model and size. How we plan to do this? In general, with the different anchors families, it is necessary to define the correct position to implement the appropriate situation of the anchor in the soil and the direction in which to apply the force. -

3 STAKES Family Angular: They have an angular section on the principal body. Cylindrical: They have a circular section (cylindrical, smooth or striated body) Special: They have a particular design. T (kg) Limits and values 5 (cm) D (cm) In this preliminary test, we are going to consider the upper limit for a displacement of 5cm. The value to consider is the highest before this excessive displacement. -

4 Three situations, three procedures Stake and force in the same axis Vertical stake with a force to be applied at 45 Stake at 45º with 90 angle between stake and force??? Get a value that determines the best position for using the stakes, in order to conduct the principal group of anchor testing, as well as define the adequate way to use the anchors in a practical situation. -

5 Angular Stakes Two profiles, four positions? T profile in two positions? V profile in two positions With this family we want to define the correct position because for the particular conformation of this stake, it is possible to take two different options. -

6 Screw anchors Two Angles 90º or 45º Anchor and force in the same axis Vertical anchor with a force to be applied at 45?? Get a value that determines the best profile for using the Screw anchors and conducting the principal group of anchor testing. -

7 Preliminary Result February 19 and 25 - Luxembourg. The same natural soil in a reduced specific space. Same soil condition for these anchors. Anchors Families -

8 Tree position One Option Volume: S2 in the B position is bigger than the S2 in the C position. This situation provides more effective resistance in the first position. 30% -

9 Angular Stakes V profile Position: A is the worst in relation to resistance in function of the displacement, V profile in two and positions position B provides better results. 18% -

10 Angular Stakes T profile T position: A is the worst in relation to resistance in function to the displacement, and while B provides better results in similar conditions and in the same soil. 15% -

11 Simulate the widest possible range of soil situations which the anchors would be facing when in field Difference in the anchor performances Important soil variations based on weather conditions. Implementation time Reusability Possibilities of replacement or standardization General conclusions for this SET -

12 Set definitions and expected result Idea Organization Compare results of anchors in similar conditions, to avoid different results and soil variations Each group will be organized according to different common problems in the humanitarian sector Light weight constructions Family tent MP. - Tent Shelters Warehouses -

13 Wind load and light weight constructions W90 km/h 50kg 316kg W150 km/h 150kg 888kg W90 km/h 45kg 108kg W150 km/h 135kg 300kg W90 km/h 565kg W150 km/h 1725kg W90 km/h 690kg W150 km/h 1910kg -

14 DEFINITIONS OF SETS SET 1 Different pegs, possible substitution, comments and performances SET 2 Angular stakes different profiles, implementation, compatibility, performance, standardization SET 3 V profile or PDA, implementation time and flexibility, performances and possible substitution SET 4 T profile or PDA, implementation time and flexibility, performances and possible substitution SET 5 Stakes or Screw, implementation time and flexibility, performances and possible substitution SET 6 SET 7 Different systems in sand soil, performance, facility and reusability PDA anchor for shelter, difficulty of implementation, soil flexibility and performance SET 8 Screw anchor for shelter, difficulty of implementation, soil flexibility and performance SET 9 Possibilities of PDA anchor, difficulty of implementation in sets and performance Sand soil SET 10 Improvement possibilities for special anchors SET 11 PDA anchor, difficulty of implementation and performance in wet soil. SET 12 X stabilisation system, comparison, difficulty of implementation and performance Others SET 13 Alternatives Anchors alternatives -

15 SET Nº The anchor 04 is more stable in all the soils and provides better resistance, but in many cases is bent after the test. -

16 SET Nº 2 3 The anchor 03 is the most versatile anchor of this set. -

17 SET Nº 3 The PDA anchor is the most versatile anchors of this set. -

18 SET Nº 3 The PDA anchor is more stable in all the soils and provides better resistance. -

19 SET Nº 5 The screw models provide better resistance in soft soils -

20 SET Nº 5 The stake is the most versatile anchor of this set with a more stable result. -

21 SET Nº 9 Similar results than those tested with bigger anchors. -

22 SET Nº 10 Special sandy snow anchor with different tendons The results are better in sandy soil with a new tendon. -

23 Logistic approach -

24 Impacts Proportion between Price and Tension Tension in Kg Price in U$D $ ç i è -

25 Impacts Proportion between Weight and Tension Weight (kg) Tension in Kg Kg ç i è -

26 Approach to decision making -

27 Approach to decision making -

28 Final decision making Is it necessary to use an anchoring system? Multiple variables context soils constructions duration of construction weather cost, weight others Technical support for professionals Design a clear and complete strategic program -

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