D Freshwater fishes introduced to ten countries

Transcription

1 D Freshwater fishes introduced to ten countries Table D3. Numbers of introductions to other countries and establishment a success for exotic freshwater fish introduced to the ten countries. Total species introductions b : number of other countries around the world where releases of the species have been recorded. introductions b : number of other countries around the world where the species is recorded as established a. Total genus introductions c : number of other countries a around the world where releases of species in the same genus have been recorded. Successful genus introductions c : number of other number of other countries around the world where the species in the same genus have been recorded are recorded as established a. Total family introductions d : total number of other countries around the world where releases of species in the same family are recorded. Successful family introductions d : number of other countries around the world where the species in the same family are recorded as established a. Failed species in Australia Family Total species introductions b Successful species introductions b Total genus introductions c Successful genus introductions c Total family introductions d Successful family introductions d Aequidens rivulatus Cichlidae Gambusia dominicensis Poeciliidae Heros severus Cichlidae Jordanella floridae Cyprinodontidae Lateolabraxjaponicus Percichthyidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Salmonidae Oreochromis aureus Cichlidae Oreochromis urolepis Cichlidae Puntius tetrazona Cyprinidae Salmo salar Salmonidae Thorichtys meeki Cichlidae Vieja synspila Cichlidae established in Australia Acanthogobius flavimanus Gobiidae Acentrogobius pflaumii Gobiidae Aequidenspulcher Cichlidae Amphilophus citrinellus Cichlidae Archocentrus nigrofasciatus Cichlidae Astronotus ocellatus Cichlidae Carassius auratus Cyprinidae Cichlasoma octofasciatum Cichlidae Cichlasoma trimaculatum Cichlidae

2 Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae Gambusia holbrooki Poeciliidae Geophagus brasiliensis Cichlidae Haplochromis burtoni Cichlidae Hemichromis bimaculatus Cichlidae Misgurnus anguillicaudatus Cobitidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae Oreochromis mossambicus Cichlidae Perca fluviatilis Percidae Phalloceros caudimaculatus Poeciliidae Poecilia latipinna Poeciliidae Poecilia reticulata Poeciliidae Puntius conchonius Cyprinidae Rutilus rutilus Cyprinidae Salmo trutta Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Salmonidae Tanichthys albonubes Cyprinidae Tilapia mariae Cichlidae Tilapia zillii Cichlidae Tinca tinca Cyprinidae Trichogaster trichopterus Belontiidae Tridentiger trigonocephalus Gobiidae Xiphophorus hellerii Poeciliidae Xiphophorus maculatus Poeciliidae Failed species in Italy Acipenser transmontanus Acipenseridae Anguilla japonica Anguillidae Astronotus ocellatus Cyprinidae Aristichthys nobilis Cichlidae Barbodes schwanenfeldii Cyprinidae Osphronemus goramy Salmonidae Coregonus clupeaformis Salmonidae Oncorhynchus kisutch Salmonidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Osphronemidae Salmo salar Salmonidae Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae established in Italy Odontesthes bonariensis Ictaluridae Lepomis auritus Ictaluridae Lepomis gibbosus Ictaluridae

3 Micropterus salmoides Cyprinidae Carassius auratus Salmonidae Ctenopharyngodon idella Salmonidae Cyprinus carpio Cyprinidae Pachychilon pictum Cyprinidae Pseudorasbora parva Poeciliidae Rhodeus sericeus Centrarchidae Ameiurus melas Centrarchidae Ameiurus natalis Centrarchidae Ameiurus nebulosus Atherinidae Sander lucioperca Cyprinidae Gambusia affinis Cyprinidae Coregonus lavaretus Cyprinidae Coregonus oxyrhynchus Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae Silurus glanis Siluridae Failed species in Japan Lepomis cyanellus Sciaenidae Pomoxis nigromaculatus Cyprinidae Oreochromis macrochir Salmonidae Sarotherodon galilaeus Cyprinidae Sarotherodon melanotheron Centrarchidae Catla catla Moronidae Labeo rohita Salmonidae Morone saxatilis Salmonidae Osphronemus goramy Salmonidae Coregonus clupeaformis Cichlidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Osphronemidae Oncorhynchus nerka Centrarchidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Cichlidae Aplodinotus grunniens Cichlidae established in Japan Odontesthes bonariensis Cyprinidae Macropodus chinensis Channidae Lepomis macrochirus Channidae Micropterus salmoides Salmonidae Channa argus Cyprinidae Channa maculata Poeciliidae Oreochromis aureus Cyprinidae Oreochromis mossambicus Centrarchidae

4 Oreochromis niloticus Belontiidae Oreochromis urolepis hornorum Cyprinidae Tilapia sparrmanii Centrarchidae Tilapia zillii Cyprinidae Aristichthys nobilis Atherinidae Ctenopharyngodon idella Salmonidae Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Cichlidae Megalobrama amblycephala Cichlidae Mylopharyngodon piceus Cichlidae Rhodeus ocellatus Cichlidae Tinca tinca Cyprinidae Gambusia affinis Salmonidae Coregonus lavaretus Salmonidae Oncorhynchus kisutch Salmonidae Salmo trutta Cichlidae Salvelinus fontinalis Cichlidae Salvelinus namaycush Cyprinidae Failed species in Morocco Pomoxis annularis Cyprinidae Pomoxis nigromaculatus Esocidae Lates niloticus Esocidae Aristichthys nobilis Centropomidae Esox masquinongy Salmonidae Esox niger Centrarchidae Oncorhynchus clarki Centrarchidae Salmo trutta Salmonidae Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Salmonidae Thymallus thymallus Salmonidae established in Morocco Lepomis cyanellus Cyprinidae Lepomis gibbosus Cyprinidae Lepomis macrochirus Esocidae Lepomis microlophus Poeciliidae Micropterus salmoides Cyprinidae Barbus barbus Centrarchidae Cyprinus carpio Centrarchidae Gobio gobio gobio Centrarchidae Mylopharyngodon piceus Centrarchidae Rutilus rutilus Centrarchidae

5 Scardinius erythrophthalmus Cyprinidae Tinca tinca Salmonidae Esox lucius Percidae Perca fluviatilis Cyprinidae Sander lucioperca Percidae Gambusia affinis Cyprinidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Cyprinidae Failed species in Czechoslovakia (released but failed to Ictiobus cyprinella Clariidae Ictiobus niger Salmonidae Oreochromis aureus Salmonidae Oreochromis niloticus Catostomidae Clarias gariepinus Catostomidae Mylopharyngodon piceus Cyprinidae Coregonus autumnalis Cichlidae Hucho hucho Cichlidae Salvelinus alpinus Salmonidae Salvelinus namaycush Salmonidae Thymallus baicalensis Salmonidae established in Czechoslovakia Aristichthys nobilis Ictaluridae Carassius auratus gibelio Cyprinidae Ctenopharyngodon idella Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio carpio Salmonidae Pseudorasbora parva Salmonidae Gasterosteus aculeatus Cyprinidae Ameiurus nebulosus Cyprinidae Sander lucioperca Gasterosteidae Coregonus lavaretus Salmonidae Coregonus peled Cyprinidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae Failed species in Thailand Anguilla japonica Anguillidae Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Cyprinidae Mylopharyngodon piceus Cyprinidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae Oncorhynchus rhodurus Salmonidae

6 established in Thailand Gymnocorymbus ternetzi Cyprinidae Cichlasoma octofasciatum Cichlidae Oreochromis aureus Cyprinidae Oreochromis mossambicus Poeciliidae Oreochromis niloticus Characidae Carassius auratus Cichlidae Cyprinus carpio Cichlidae Gambusia affinis Cichlidae Failed species in Britain Micropterus dolomieu Salmonidae Oreochromis aureus Salmonidae Sander vitreus Centrarchidae Coregonus clupeaformis Salmonidae Hucho hucho Cichlidae Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Salmonidae Salvelinus namaycush Percidae Umbra krameri Umbridae established in Britain Ambloplites rupestris Centrarchidae Barbus barbus Ictaluridae Carassius auratus auratus Ictaluridae Cyprinus carpio carpio Cyprinidae Leucaspius delineatus Cyprinidae Leuciscus idus Cyprinidae Rhodeus sericeus Ictaluridae Ameiurus melas Cyprinidae Ameiurus nebulosus Cyprinidae Ictalurus punctatus Salmonidae Sander lucioperca Cyprinidae Oncorhynchus mykiss Salmonidae Salvelinus fontinalis Percidae Silurus glanis Siluridae a The term established uniformly refers to self-maintaining wild populations of non-native species. c Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event. d Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event, but introductions of more than one species in the same genus into a single jurisdiction are counted as separate introduction events. e Multiple introductions of the same species into a single jurisdiction are only counted as a single introduction event, but introductions of more than one species in the same family into a single jurisdiction are counted as separate introduction events. 6

7 f For Great Britain (Scotland, England and Wales), only species introduced from outside the British Isles were included. g For California, species translocated from the eastern states of the USA were included to increase the sample size, but any species originally native within California were excluded. h For Florida, only exotic species introduced from outside the USA were included. 7