(69) THE LARGER (4.5+ mm.) LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO (CYLINDRORHININAE, CURCULIONIDAE, COLE?PTERA)1

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1 The Larger ( $4.5^{+}$ mm.) Listronotus of America, North of Mexico (Cylindrorhininae, Curculionidae, Coleoptera) Author(s): Charles W. O'Brien Reviewed work(s): Source: Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-), Vol. 107, No. 1/2 (Mar. - Jun., 1981), pp Published by: American Entomological Society Stable URL: Accessed: 04/07/ :50 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at. JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. American Entomological Society is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Transactions of the American Entomological Society (1890-).

2 THE LARGER (4.5+ mm.) LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA, NORTH OF MEXICO (CYLINDRORHININAE, CURCULIONIDAE, COLEPTERA)1 Charles W. O'Brien2 Abstract This paper treats the 46 species of Listronotus in America north of Mexico that usually are larger than 4.5 mm. Fifteen new species are described: arizonicus, bor richiae, burkei, conabilis, crypticus, elegantulus, fascia tus, marshalli, neocallosus, pallidus, pseudosetosus, rubtzoffi, salicorniae, suturalis, and turbatus. Three species are newly placed in synonymy with punctiger LeConte: bagoiformis Cham pion, gracilis LeConte, and leechi Sleeper. A description of the genus and a key to 46 species are included. Host data and biological information are presented where known. For each new species and those not treated in Henderson's (1940) monograph, there is a description, geographical distribution, and illustrations of parts of the male and female genitalia. The swimming behavior of 14 species is described. The genus Listronotus contains 62 described species from the United States and Canada, including 35 formerly treated in the genus Hyperodes. The genus Hyperodes was placed in synonymy with Listronotus by O'Brien (1979). Henderson's (1940) revision of Listronotus is an excellent monographic study of the larger species of the genus as it is cur rently recognized. He did not treat the tere tiros tris complex, which he considered to include species intermediate between Hyperodes and Listronotus. Stockton (1963) published a key to the North American species of Hyperodes, but this group of species still needs a revisionary treatment. They were last revised by Dietz (1889). This paper deals with the larger species of the genus Listronotus, i.e., those which are commonly 4.5 mm. or larger. Approximately 98% of the specimens on hand of these "larger" species are 4.5 'This research was supported by a research program (FLAX 79009) of the SEA/CR, USDA. 2Professor, Department of Entomology, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL (69)

3 70 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA mm. or larger and 98% of the specimens seen of the "smaller" species not treated here are 4.0 mm. or smaller. The former in cludes all of the species treated by Henderson (1940), 5 species from Stockton (1963), nev adieus LeConte and the teretirostris complex (not treated by either author), echinodori O'Brien described from Mexico, Central America, and Texas, and 15 new species; 46 species and 2 subspecies in all. The 15 new species are as follows: arizonicus, borrichiae, burkei, conabilis, crypticus, elegantulus, fasciatus, marshalli, neocallosus, pallidus, pseudosetosus, rubtz offi, salicorniae, suturalis, and turbatus. The descriptions of the new species are based on the holotype and the supplemental descriptions of the allotypes include only characters which differ from those of the holotype. Seven other species not treated by Henderson (1940) are redescribed so that all species covered by the key below can be checked using modern descriptions with the use of only 2 papers. The seven species are as follows: cryptops (Dietz), echinodori O'Brien, grypidioides (Dietz), laramiensis (Angel), nev adieus LeConte, punctiger LeConte, and teretirostris LeConte. Each description or redescription is followed by comparative notes and the range of distribution. An etymological note and detailed distribution records are included for the new species only. The following 3 species are reported as synonyms of punctiger for the first time: bagoiformis Champion, gracilis LeConte, and leechi Sleeper (NEW SYNONYMY). Locality records are given in the sequence of "locality, date (number of specimens) (collector)", with localities alphabetical and dates in sequence, except that host and ecological data are given last for each locality. Host or ecological data are cited for each col lector and all dates and numbers following refer to such data until a new host or new locality is cited. All data are listed in all cases. If no date or collector is given, none was present on the label(s). Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer and il lustrations were drawn using a Wild M8 camera lucida. The body length is measured along-the midline from the anterior margin of the prothorax to the apex of the elytra (including apical processes when present). The length of the prothorax is measured along the midline from base to apex and the width is measured transversely at the widest point. The rostrum is measured in lateral view from the

4 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 71 apex (excluding mandibles) to the center of the frontal fovea be tween the eyes. The shape and relative lengths of the antennal funicular segments are diagnostic for species. Actual measurements are necessary since segments often appear shorter or longer relative to one another due to different shapes and thicknesses. Figures are included to clarify this important set of key characters. The color patterns of most Listronotus result from the color and distribution of setae and/or scales. These are often diagnostic and identification may be nearly impossible if specimens are "rubbed" and lack pubescence. Some color patterns may be cuticular, e.g., appendiculatus (Boheman) commonly has a pair of black elytral spots on a reddish brown base color. The most useful and consistent morphological diagnostic characters are found in the female and male genitalia. The shape of the 8th sternite and its differential pigmentation and sclerotization can be used to separate most species. In the few species where the differences are less obvious, the spermathecae have been illustrated as well, to aid in species determination. The male phallus also has a distinctive shape. It is a partially sclerotized tube, usually mem branous dorsally, and sometimes ventrally as well. The orificial plates visible in dorsal view can be helpful in distinguishing some species. The endophallic structures can be especially useful in separating species. These often include variously shaped hooks, plates, teeth, partially sclerotized connective areas, and partially sclerotized parts of the transfer apparatus which are constant and diagnostic. The degree of pigmentation and/or sclerotization in the 8th sternite and endophallic structures is indicated by the density of stippling and /or proximity of lines. I have seen type material of all species except laramiensis. I have seen authoritatively identified specimens of this species and have material which fits the description perfectly. More than 5500 specimens were on hand for this study including several hundred specimens from Central America and from the Dominican Republic. The latter are specimens of cryptops and represent the first record of this genus in the West Indies. A com plete listing of collections in which types and paratypes of the new species are deposited (with abbreviations used) can be found in the acknowledgement section at the end of this paper. trans, amer. ent. soc, VOL. 107

5 72 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Biological information is relatively limited for the species in this genus. The species most extensively studied is oregonensis LeConte, an important pest of carrots and parsnips; Carrot Weevil is its approved E.S.A. common name. Martel et al. (1976) presented much information on its life history including data on oviposition, larval development and a list of significant references on its biology and control. Tuttle (1953) presented detailed biological data on debilis Blatchley, whose larvae develop and pupate in galleries in the lower stems and roots of the water willow, Dianthera americana of the Acanthaceae. Henderson (1940) reported that tuberosus LeConte and appendiculatus have been reared from Sagittaria, and that squamiger LeConte was reared from Scirpus validus. I have reared appendiculatus from larvae found in galleries in leaf petioles of Sagittaria Engelmanniana, and from eggs laid in the same host in the laboratory. I have also found and reared larvae and pupae of delumbis (Gyllenhal) from galleries in the same and other specimens of S. Engelmanniana. This small species is not treated in this paper. Field-collected adults of frontalis LeConte taken on Sagittaria gramnea laid eggs and the larvae developed in the leaf petioles. One reached the pupal stage and died. Sagittaria is the probable natural field host of this species. Specimens of neocallosus and tur batus have laid eggs in the laboratory on Sagittaria Engelmanniana and larvae developed in galleries in leaf petioles and root collars. Several of the larvae of neocallosus pupated in the root collars and were killed and preserved, while one reached the adult stage. Dozens of specimens of neocallosus were handpicked from this species in the field and I believe it is the natural host. No turbatus were taken from this host in the field, but in the laboratory the species fed heavily on it and other Sagittaria species. Sagittaria is probably its host too. The species echinodori has been reared from galls in the stems of Echinodorus cordifolius, with larvae, pupae and adults taken from such galls (O'Brien, 1977). In the Dominican Republic, I collected long series of larvae, pupae, and adults of cryptops in galleries in the flower stalks of Sagittaria lancifolia L., and large numbers of adults were taken from flowers and fruits of these plants, and from the same species in Florida. Specimens of in signis Henderson were handpicked at night in numbers from Sagit

6 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 73 taria gramnea and S. stagnorum. In the laboratory eggs were laid and larvae produced galleries and pupated in S. Engelmanniana. This plant species was used for rearing because of the greater ease in using sections of the larger leaf petioles. The host of insignis is presumed to be Sagittaria. The following is a list of Listronotus plant associations based on specimens collected by me: blandus LeConte on Polygonum hydropiperoides; manifestus Henderson feeding on Sagittaria longiloba, taken at night; rotundicollis LeConte hiding in fruiting heads of Crinum sp., daytime; scapularis Casey swept from Sagit taria sp. and 5. longiloba; similis Henderson swept in numbers from Polygonum bicorne and Paspalum distichum, at night; and sordidus (Gyllenhal) swept from and handpicked at night from Sagittaria Engelmanniana and 5. stagnorum. The majority of the species of Listronotus including most of those included here have been taken at night or in light traps. Most species are believed to be largely nocturnal. L. appendiculatus, cryptops, and echinodori have all been taken in large numbers from Sagittaria flowers and fruits both day and night and do not appear to be primarily nocturnal. Although oregonensis is terrestrial, most of the species have been associated with aquatic or semiaquatic plants. Further evidence of the obvious aquatic association is the swimming ability of numerous species. I have movies of the swimming behavior of the following 14 species: appendiculatus, blandus, cryptops, delumbis, frontalis, insignis, lodingi Blatchley, marshalli, neocallosus, novellus Blatchley, palustris Blatchley, setosus LeConte, sordidus, and turbatus. These species all swim with a rapid dog paddle like stroke of the forelegs, which pulls the weevil through the water just below the surface. The mid and hind legs stroke slowly producing very little propulsion, but the hind legs may be important in con trolling the direction of movement. Studies to analyze in detail the swimming behavior of these and other aquatic and semiaquatic weevils are ongoing at the present time and results will be published in the future. Listronotus Jekel, 1864, p Macrops Kirby, 1837, p. 199 (not Wagler, 1830). Hyperodes Jekel, 1864, p trans, amer. ent. soc, VOL. 107

7 74 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Mascarauxia Desbrochers, 1898, p. 52. Aulametopiellus Brthes, 1926, p Listroderes (of authors, not Schoenherr, 1826). Type-species: Listronotus caudatus (Say). Subsequent designa tion, Henderson, 1940, p Generic Description Small to large (1.0 to 14.0 mm.); oblong oval to elongate oval; color of integu ment reddish brown to black; clothed usually densely with recumbent scales, setae or both, and commonly with subrecumbent to erect, scalelike, moderately sparse setae. Rostrum longer and narrower than head, very stout to slender, weakly to strongly curved, rarely non-carinate, usually with 1 to 3 carinae. Head weakly to strongly convex, usually densely clothed with recumbent, scalelike setae and/or round scales; frons with median impression and/or fovea, often concealed at least in part by dense setae or scales. Antennae inserted supapically, insertion visible from above, scrobe lateral; scape clvate, reaching eye; funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, 2 subequal to 1 to more than twice as long as 1. Prothorax with sides subparallel to strongly rounded, with disc at least slightly convex. Elytra wider than prothorax, longer than broad; sinuately to evenly emarginate at base; humeri weakly to strongly developed, always present; elytral apex conjointly rounded or produced in some species (process sometimes restricted to females); posterior calli strongly developed to obsolete. Legs with femora weakly to strongly clvate, femora usually annulate; tibiae usually slender, straight to strongly curved near apex; all tibiae mucronate; mucrones minute to very strongly developed, with or without basal tooth. Venter with sterna 3 and 4 short, together subequal in length or shorter than sterna 2 or 5; sternum 5 usually impressed in females, commonly unmodified in males. Key to larger Listronotus north of Mexico (usually more than 4.5 mm.) 1 Head clothed with slender scales or setae in region above interocular space. 2 1 ' Head clothed completely or in large part with rounded scales in region above interocular space Antennae with funicular segment 3 longer than 4 (fig. 52). 3 2' Antennae with funicular segment 3 not longer than 4, subequal to 4 through 6, or 4through 7 (fig. 51) Antennae with funicular segment 3 slender, elongate, distinctly longer than 4 (fig. 49). 4 3' Antennae with funicular segment 3 only slightly longer than 4 (fig. 53) Antennae with funicular segment 4 elongate, longer than 5 (fig. 49). 5 4' Antennae with funicular segment 4 rounded, not longer than 5 (fig. 50). 8

8 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 75 5 All elytral intervals equally convex; base of elytra not elevated. 6 5' Alternate elytral intervals more strongly convex, extreme base of elytra slightly elevated along first 5 intervals. 7 6 Scales on median half of prothoracic disc broad and rounded; rostrum about as long as prothorax, lateral carinae usually feeble; tibial mucrones with small basal tooth; elytra usually with numerous transverse wrinkles, intervals slightly convex; females with elongate cylindrical process at tip of each elytron.caudatus (Say) 6' Scales on median half of prothoracic disc slender, setiform; rostrum longer than prothorax, distinctly tricarinate; tibial mucrones lacking basal tooth; elytra lacking transverse wrinkles, intervals nearly flat; females lacking caudal elytral processes.ingens Henderson 7 Rostrum clothed with setae, tricarinate; elytral declivity laterally compressed and nearly vertical; posterior elytral calli not prominent, elytra with numerous transverse wrinkles; tibial mucrones lacking basal tooth; length mm.americanus LeConte 7 ' Rostrum clothed mostly with broad, rounded scales, lateral carinae not promi nent; elytral declivity normal, not laterally compressed and vertical; posterior elytral calli rather prominent, elytra lacking transverse wrinkles; tibial mucrones with small basal tooth; length 8-11 mm. 8 Posterior elytral calli prominent. 9 8 ' Posterior elytral calli not prominent. 11.callosus LeConte 9 Rostrum clothed with setae; humeri rounded; posterior tibiae not denticulate along inner margin; female with 2 strongly elevated folds towards apex of abdominal sternum 5.squamiger (Say) 9' Rostrum clothed with rounded scales; humeri rectangular; posterior tibiae denticulate along inner margin Posterior elytral calli very prominent, conical; rostrum about as long as pro thorax, median carina very fine or lacking, lateral sulci obsolete; frontal fovea moderately deep, elytra with transverse wrinkles, all intervals equally convex; scales of prothorax distinctly larger than those of elytra; tibial mucrones rather long; female elytra with long slender caudal pro cesses, often convergent at tip.tuberosus LeConte 10' Posterior elytral calli moderately prominent, not conical; rostrum longer than prothorax, median carina prominent, lateral sulci rather deep; frontal fovea deep; elytra lacking transverse wrinkles, alternate intervals more strongly convex; scales of prothorax not distinctly larger than those of elytra; tibial mucrones short; female elytra with short, stout, parallel, caudal processes.sordidus (Gyllenhal) 11 Rostrum clothed with broad scales, median carina distinct, lateral carinae faint or absent ' Rostrum clothed with setae, distinctly tricarinate (lateral carinae at least moderately developed) Ocular lobes very large and prominent, produced anteroventrally; elytral setae not conspicuous; prothorax finely punctate, sides nearly parallel, scales trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

9 76 listronotus of America no larger than those of elytra; rostrum longer than prothorax; base of elytra feebly emarginate; tibial mucrones lacking basal tooth; female with abdominal sternum 5 unmodified, tergum 7 deeply emarginate at apex.manifestus Henderson 12' Ocular lobes normal; elytral setae long and clvate; prothorax coarsely punctate, sides strongly rounded, scales distinctly larger than those of elytra; rostrum as long as prothorax; elytra strongly emarginate at base; tibial mucrones with basal tooth; female with abdominal sternum 5 with large, deep, median impression, tergum 7 truncate at apex..rotundicollis LeConte 13 Elytra with angulate post-humeral prominence, intervals nearly flat, not transversely wrinkled; frontal fovea surrounded by broad, round scales; posterior tibiae strongly denticulate on inner margin..scapularis Casey 13' Elytra lacking angulate post-humeral prominence, intervals convex, or if partly flat, then wrinkled transversely; frontal fovea surrounded by setae or straplike scales (or only few round scales); posterior tibiae at most weakly denticulate on inner margin Elytral intervals convex, not transversely wrinkled; setae distinct, elongate and suberect, not confused on alternate intervals; tibial mucrones with dis tinct basal tooth; hind tibiae not denticulate on inner margin.. distinctus Henderson 14' Elytral intervals partly convex, partly flat, transversely wrinkled; setae in distinct, short, subrecumbent, clvate, confused on alternate intervals; tibial mucrones angulate at base, lacking basal tooth; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin. neocallosus O'Brien, new species 15 Alternate elytral intervals more strongly convex; humeri rectangular; elytral base deeply emarginate, anterior margin slightly elevated; setae confused on odd intervals; striae coarsely punctate; prothoracic scales distinctly larger than elytral scales; frontal fovea surrounded by setae ' All elytral intervals flat or equally convex; humeri rounded or subangulately rounded; elytral base feebly emarginate, anterior margin not elevated; setae in single row on all intervals; striae finely punctate; prothoracic scales not distinctly larger than elytral scales; frontal fovea usually sur rounded by broad scales (except turbatus) Elytra with transverse wrinkles; rostrum as long as prothorax; posterior tibiae denticulate along inner margin; length mm..blatchleyi Henderson 16' Elytra lacking transverse wrinkles; rostrum longer than prothorax; posterior tibiae not denticulate along inner margin; length mm..palustris Blatchley 17 All elytral intervals with row of setae, sutural interval not paler in color ' Alternate intervals only with row of setae; sutural interval distinctly paler in color.suturalis O'Brien, new species 18 Rostrum unicarinate, bicarinate, or tricarinate, clothed with medially directed setae, or setae and broad scales; tibial mucrones with basal tooth. 19

10 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 77 18' Rostrum not carinate, clothed only with anteriorly directed straplike setae; tibial mucrones lacking basal tooth.laramiensis (Angel) 19 Prothorax 5-vittate; elytra with broad median quadrate mark from base to declivity, lateral margins and declivity pale brown (declivity may be whitish); apex of each elytron produced somewhat acutely in both sexes; sides of prothorax nearly straight, not broadly expanded..elegantulus O'Brien, new species 19' Prothorax at most trivittate, elytra generally mottled, not as above; apex of elytra conjointly rounded, except in female blandus; sides of prothorax usually rounded, broadly expanded Rostrum clothed with setae only ' Rostrum clothed with round scales and some setae Rostrum unicarinate; prothorax with elongate acute scales, not granulately punctate; tibial mucrones long.turbatus O'Brien, new species ' 21 Rostrum usually tricarinate (rarely unicarinate); prothorax with round scales, coarsely granulately punctate; tibial mucrones short Body reddish black to reddish brown, scales mostly brown or cupreous; rostrum usually slightly longer than prothorax; frontal fovea usually only moderately deep, surrounded by brownish or cupreous scales.oregonensis, subspecies oregonensis (LeConte) 22' Body black, scales black and cinereous; rostrum as long as prothorax; frontal fovea deep, covered with small spot of cinereous scales, sur rounded by circle of black scales..oregonensis, subspecies tessellatus Casey 23 Elytral and prothoracic scales broadly rounded and basally emarginate; scales on elytral intervals usually in 2 rows.echinodori O'Brien (in part) 23' Elytral and prothoracic scales rounded or oval (occasionally elongate oval), not basally emarginate; scales on elytral intervals usually in 3 or more rows Rostrum tricarinate, very strongly sulcate ' Rostrum unicarinate, at most very weakly sulcate Body elongate, narrow; apex of elytra attenuate; apex of each elytron tri angularly produced in female; head slightly rugose between eyes..blandus Henderson 25' Body oblong oval; apex of elytra not attenuate; apex of elytra conjointly rounded in both sexes; head coarsely rugosely striate between eyes..marshalli O'Brien, new species 26 Anterior margin of elytra reflexed; coarsely punctate ventrally; prothorax moderately coarsely punctate.conabilis O'Brien, new species 26' Anterior margin of elytra not reflexed; finely punctate ventrally; prothorax finely to moderately finely punctate Ventral plumose scales restricted to median area of prosternum and meso sternum, dorsal margin of mesepimeron, and all coxae; posterior tibiae not denticulate on inner margin; prothorax with median subapical im pression, at least in female.flontalis LeConte 27' Ventral plumose scales on most of prosternum, mesosternum (including all trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

11 78 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA of mesepimeron), anterior and lateral margins of metasternum, most of metepisternum, lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1 and 2, and all coxae; posterior tibiae finely denticulate on inner margin; prothorax lacking median subapical impression in both sexes..rubtzoffi O'Brien, new species 28 Rostrum rounded, not carnate or sulcate, about as long as prothorax..elegans Van Dyke 28' Rostrum carinate and usually sulcate, either shorter or longer than prothorax Rostrum with lateral carinae faint or absent; base of elytra deeply emarginate; 29 ' humeri angulate; prothoracic scales not distinctly larger than elytral scales; elytra lacking characteristic markings on posterior portion_ 30 Rostrum strongly bicarinate or tricarinate; base of elytra weakly to moderately emarginate; humeri rounded (may be subangulate); prothoracic scales distinctly larger than elytral scales (except fasciatus); elytra often with characteristic markings on posterior portion Tibial mucrones lacking basal tooth; prothorax as long as broad ' Tibial mucrones with small basal tooth; prothorax distinctly broader than long.similis Henderson 31 Male with sternum 5 strongly evenly convex, apical median area very weakly narrowly impressed; male with hind tibiae very strongly sinuate, with very dense fine velvety long pubescence on entire inner margin extending onto lateral margins; female with apical sclerotized arms of 8th sternite long and narrow (fig. 40).burkei O'Brien, new species 31' Male with sternum 5 nearly flat to weakly convex, apical median area moderately, broadly impressed; male with hind tibiae moderately sinuate with coarse to moderately fine, dense pubescence on inner margin, not extending onto lateral margins; female with apical sclerotized arms of 8th sternite short and broad (fig. 39).nebulosus LeConte 32 Alternate elytral intervals strongly convex; prothoracic and elytral scales of same size; prothorax with dense granular punctation; declivity with broad pale transverse fascia.fasciatus O'Brien, new species 32' All elytral intervals flat to weakly convex; prothoracic scales distinctly larger than elytral scales (except echinodori); prothorax with moderate to coarsely cribrate, not granular, punctation; declivity occasionally with broad pale fascia (in some appendiculatus and echinodori) Rostrum usually with fine setae only, occasionally with sparse separate small round scales; body black; elytra usually with narrow region of pale scales at beginning of declivity with posterior part clothed with dark shining scales; posterior tibiae very strongly denticulate on inner margin.insignis Henderson 33' Rostrum clothed with coarse, scalelike setae or with setae and large round often imbricate scales; body reddish brown; elytra often with posterior half clothed with pale scales, fasciate or simply mottled; posterior tibiae not denticulate or at most moderately denticulate on inner margin Elytral and prothoracic scales subequal in size, broadly rounded and basally

12 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 79 emarginate; rostrum usually with 3 equally developed carinae, basally with 4 well developed sulci.echinodori O'Brien (in part) 34' Elytral and prothoracic scales unequal in size, if broadly rounded and basally emarginate, then prothoracic scales much larger; rostrum bicarinate, or when median carina present, less developed than lateral carinae, basally with 1 to 3 sulci Elytral scales elongate oval, distinctly smaller than broadly rounded pro thoracic scales, neither basally emarginate; median rostral carina rarely present; often with distinct pale apical elytral fascia, or entire apical 1 / 3 pale.appendiculatus (Boheman) 35' Prothoracic scales much larger than elytral scales, both broadly rounded and basally emarginate; rostrum bicarinate; scale color pattern uniformly 36 Rostrum lacking sulci and carinae. 37 mottled.cryptops (Dietz) 36' Rostrum with 1 or more carinae (though sometimes weakly developed) and often with sulci as well Prothoracic scales much larger than elytral scales, completely concealing punctures; rostrum slender, strongly curved, evenly convex, cylindrical; from coastal salt marshes, Florida to Texas..salicorniae O'Brien, new species 37' Prothoracic and elytral scales subequal in size, scales not concealing pro thoracic punctures; rostrum stout, nearly straight to weakly curved, unevenly weakly convex, broad, not cylindrical; widespread species, not from coastal salt marshes Male endophallus with median sclerotized hooks sinuate, broadly triangular (fig. 23); spermatheca with basal arm broader and ca. as long as,apical arm (fig. 45); from northern California Coast Range..teretirostris LeConte (in part) 38' Male endophallus with median sclerotized hooks strongly curved, narrow, with at most small median lateral knob (fig.22); spermatheca with basal arm narrower and longer than apical arm (fig. 44); widespread, not from northern California Coast Range.punctiger LeConte (in part) 39 Rostrum unicarinate, with sulci or not; if feebly tricarinate (some debil is) then prothorax strongly granulately punctate ' Rostrum tricarinate, with strong sulci, if feebly tricarinate with feeble sulci, then prothorax not granulately punctate Rostrum with strong median carina and pair of strong basal sulci; prothoracic scales concave; elytra with sides strongly expanded to widest point near or at declivity, strongly convex.arizonicus O'Brien, new species 40' Rostrum usually weakly carinate with at most very weak sulci; prothoracic scales flat or convex; elytra with sides subparallel, not expanded posteriorly, flat to weakly convex Rostrum long, slender, curved; prothorax with granulate punctures; elytra with clvate setae.debilis Blatchley 41' Rostrum rather short, stout, nearly straight; prothorax lacking granulate punctures; elytra with coarse, non-clavate setae. 42 TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

13 80 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA 42 Male endophallus with median sclerotized hooks sinuate, broadly triangular (fig. 23); spermatheca with basal arm broader and ca. as long as apical arm (fig. 45); from northern California Coast Range..teretirostris LeConte (in part) 42' Male endophallus with median sclerotized hooks strongly curved, narrow, with at most small median lateral knob (fig. 22); spermatheca with basal arm narrower and longer than apical arm (fig. 44); widespread, not from northern California Coast Range.punctiger LeConte (in part) 43 Rostrum strongly tricarinate, with strong sulci; primarily eastern and Gulf Coast species ' Rostrum at most feebly tricarinate and feebly sulcate; primarily western species {grypidioides also from Great Plains and Central States) Prothorax distinctly granulately punctate ' Prothorax not granulately punctate Alternate elytral intervals convex; elytral apices not produced in broad, tri angular, ventrally directed processes (at most with weakly developed, somewhat ventrally directed processes in crypticus); abdominal sternum 5 with deep median cleft, or with moderate to deep, broad median im pression; not salt marsh species ' All elytral intervals flat; elytral apices produced in broad, triangular, ventrally directed processes; abdominal sternum 5 with apical, median impression extending transversely in very narrow line along carinate margin; salt marsh species.borrichiae O'Brien, new species 46 Apex of each elytron produced in weakly developed, triangular, somewhat ventrally directed process, scarcely visible from above; sternum 5 of female with moderate to deep, broad, median impression (not cleft).crypticus O'Brien, new species 46' Apex of elytra conjointly rounded, lacking processes; sternum 5 of female with deep, rather narrow, median cleft.setosus LeConte 47 Prothorax completely clothed with imbricate scales, setal punctures concealed; oblong; most scales pale colored.pallidus O'Brien, new species 47' Prothorax clothed on disc with contiguous scales, with margins of punctures shining and visible; setal punctures raised, shining, distinct, scattered on margins of larger punctures; elongate oblong; most scales dark brown.pseudosetosus O'Brien, new species 48 Prothorax ca. 1/5 broader than long; rostrum strongly depressed at apex.grypidioides (Dietz) 48' Prothorax ca. 1/4 to 1/3 broader than long; rostrum scarcely depressed at apex.nevadicus LeConte Figures 1-8. Male genitalia of Listronotus, dorsal view, phallus and sclerotized parts of endophallus; lateral view, phallus: 1, arizonicus; 2, borrichiae; 3, neocallosus; 4, salicorniae; 5, conabilis; 6, cryptops; 7, echinodori; 8, elegantulus.

14 TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 81

15 82 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Listronotus arizonicus O'Brien, new species Figs. 1, 24 Holotype male. Oblong oval, widest behind middle. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish black to reddish brown, densely clothed with recumbent, large, round, imbricate, mainly brown, and white, and few black scales and moderately dense, recumbent, coarse, often clvate, scalelike setae. Rostrum slightly longer than pro thorax, moderately stout, slightly curved, apical 1/5 strongly depressed; median carina distinct for entire length; with moderate lateral impressions in basal 1/2; large, coarse, contiguous punctures in part concealed by large, round, often im bricate, recumbent, pale scales, denser in basal 1/2, sparser towards apex and replaced by elongate, straplike scales and setae. Head convex, densely clothed with large, round to oval scales (peripherally becoming more elongate), with plumose scales on articulating surface; frontal fovea deep, completely clothed with medium to large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 one-fourth longer than 1; segments 3 and 7 subequal, one fourth longer than 4; segments 4 through 6 subequal; club elongate oval, subequal to segments 2 and 3 together. Prothorax ca. 1/6 wider than long, broadly expanded, sides strongly rounded, broadest before middle, strongly constricted at apical 1/4; densely clothed with large, round to oval, concave, recumbent, imbricate scales, completely concealing their punctures; also with moderately dense, small, scattered punctures, each with inconspicuous, subrecumbent, subclavate, scalelike seta, many with part of margin of puncture visible and shining; mottled brown and tan, lacking distinct pattern. Scutellum moderately small, round, convex; clothed densely with broad, though elongate, recumbent, whitish to brownish scales. Elytra moderately sinuately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed from interval 2 to humeri; humeri strongly rounded; sides shortly expanded beneath and behind humeri, gradually ex panding to declivity, there suddenly narrowed to scarcely emarginate apex; apex of each elytron produced in very small triangular projection; striae and striai punctures nearly concealed by large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales of intervals; all inter vals strongly convex, each with dense row of indistinct, recumbent, scalelike setae; posterior calli obsolete; base color of scales mottled, tan, white, and brownish black, with moderately distinct, pale, tan sutural stripe. Legs moderately slender; femora weakly clvate, clothed densely with large, round, recumbent, imbricate, pale scales, sparser in basal 1/3; with sparse, coarse, scalelike, subrecumbent setae; lacking annulus; tibiae with large, round, recumbent scales and coarse subrecum bent to suberect setae, denser on outer margin, sparsest on inner margin; hind tibiae very weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, stout, lacking basal tooth. Venter with dense plumose scales on median areas of prosternum and mesosternum, and all coxae; remaining area with dense, large, round, recumbent, imbricate to con tiguous scales, sparsest on sternum 5, and with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, deeply impressed; sternum 2 broadly weakly impressed; sternum 5 broadly, transversely, weakly impressed, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.4 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sterna 1 and 2 flat to weakly convex;

16 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 83 Figures Male genitalia of Listronotus, dorsal view, phallus and sclerotized parts of endophallus; lateral view, phallus: 9, suturalis; 10, laramiensis; \\,pallidus; 12, pseudosetosus; 13, elegans; 14, crypticus; 15, fasciatus; 16, burkei. TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

17 84 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA sternum 5 broadly, deeply, transversely impressed. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.4 mm. Etymological been collected. Note. Remarks and Comparative Notes. 5.4 to 6.4 mm. This species is named for the state of Arizona, where it has The 7 specimens on hand range in size from There are only 2 other large species of Listronotus (frontalis and punctiger) known from Arizona and neither is likely to be confused with this species. The strongly convex, broadly oblong oval shape of the body will separate it from any other described species. There is no host information available for this species. Range. Known only from the type locality in southeastern Arizona. Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 4 paratypes. ARIZONA: Cochise Co. [unty] Willcox Playa 29 August 1970 K. Stephan coll. Paratype. ARIZONA: Cochise Co., Willcox Playa, 2-IX-72(l)(K. Stephan). Deposition of holotype, Florida State Collection of Arthropods; allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the following collections: CWOB, FSCA, and USNM. Listronotus borrichiae O'Brien, new species Figs. 2, 25 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body reddish black, antennae and tarsi red dish brown, densely clothed with large, recumbent, oval to round, grayish, brownish, and grayish black scales and sparse, elongate, scalelike setae. Rostrum subequal to length of prothorax, broad and stout, nearly straight, apex abruptly strongly depressed; tricarinate, lateral carinae often weakly developed; with large elongate punctures, substriate; basal 1/10 or less, and strong lateral sulci, densely clothed with imbricate, recumbent, pale scales; remainder with moderately dense to sparse, subrecumbent to suberect, inconspicuous, elongate, coarse setae. Head weakly convex; margin with elongate, moderately dense, recumbent, scalelike setae; median area above interocular space and most of frons densely clothed with large, round, usually imbricate, recumbent scales (often rubbed); frons weakly, broadly impressed, frontal fovea shallow and weakly developed (to deep and strongly developed), often concealed by dense scale covering. Antennae moderately slender; all funicular segments elongate; segment 2 two-fifths longer than 1; segment 3 half as long as 2; segments 4 and 5 one-third as long as 2, 6 slightly longer, and 7 half as long; club oblong oval, slightly shorter than 4 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 to 116 wider than long; sides expanding to suddenly constricted apical 1/10; ocular lobes strongly developed; disc densely clothed with large, round, often imbricate, recumbent scales which conceal densely strongly granulate surface, with small punc tures at apex of granules; also with sparse, suberect, coarse, elongate, scalelike setae. Scutellum small, round, weakly convex; clothed moderately densely with elongate oval, recumbent, plumose scales (often rubbed). Elytra moderately to strongly arcuate at base; anterior margin slightly to strongly reflexed along first 5 in

18 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 85 tervals; humeri subangulate, slightly anteriorly projecting as well; sides unevenly subparallel to declivity, there attenuately narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae distinct; striai punctures large, deep, partially concealed by large, recumbent, imbricate scales; all intervals convex, each with row of suberect and /or subrecum bent, scalelike setae; posterior calli weakly developed; color mottled, gray to brownish, white and often grayish black; dark areas mainly beyond declivity. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed in apical 2/3 with dense, large, round, recumbent, dark and pale scales (some imbricate); subannulate; and with sparse, elongate, subrecumbent, scalelike setae; basal 1/3 with only sparse, elongate, coarse setae; tibiae with dense to moderately dense, recumbent, large, round scales on outer sur face, and sparse, suberect, long, coarse, scalelike setae; inner surface with only longer, denser, coarse setae; hind tibiae strongly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately long with rather long, curved, basal tooth. Venter with very few plumose scales on unimpressed prosternum and on coxae; remainder with large, dense, recumbent scales laterally, and median areas with mainly suberect, long, coarse setae, may have few, large, round, recumbent scales as well; abdominal ster num 1 narrowly deeply impressed, impression extending weakly onto sternum 2, re mainder of 2 flat to convex; sternum 5 with long, triangular, median impression towards apex, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.3 mm. Allotype female. Elytra with apex of each elytron produced in broad, triangular, ventrally directed process, not visible from above. Venter with ab dominal sternum 1 anteriorly transversely impressed, posterior portion flat to very weakly impressed; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 laterally convex, medially flat, with apical median impression which extends transversely in very narrow line along carinate margin. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.3 mm. Etymological Note. This species is named for its host plant genus Borrichia, Sea-Ox-eye, of the Compositae. Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 5.2 to 8.1 mm. The 142 specimens on hand range in size This medium sized species is similar in appearance to several species, including crypticus, setosus and fasciatus. The key characters and their distinctive genitalia will readily separate them from this species. Its tricarinate rostrum will readily separate it from the unicarinate debilis. Two species, pseudosetosus and salicorniae, lack granular punctation on the pro thorax. In addition, the latter species, often collected in the same salt marsh areas, although on unrelated hosts, has a non-carinate rostrum (q.v. pallidus for com parative notes). The majority of the specimens on hand were swept or beaten at night from a com posite, Sea-Ox-eye, Borrichia frutescens (Linnaeus) DeCandolle. Range. Known from coastal salt marshes in southern and central Florida and southern Texas. Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 2 paratypes. TEX.[AS] S.[an] Patricio Co.[unty] Welder Wildlife R.[efuge] Pollito Lake XII ; at night C.W. O'Brien [&] G.B. Marshall. Paratypes.FLORIDA: Indian River Co., 5 mi. S. Vero Beach, night, salt marsh, beating Borrichia, 7-X-78 (5), 8-X-78 (10), night, TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

19 86 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA salt marsh, beating Salicornia, 7-X-78 (1) (G.B. Marshall), night, beating Borrichia, 7-X-78 (1), night, salt marsh, beating Borrichia, 7-X-78 (21), 8-X-78 (30) (C.W. O'Brien), night, salt marsh, (1), 6-X-78 (4) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Mar shall), on Salicornia, 29-XII-77 (2) (C.W. & L. O'Brien & G.J. Wibmer); Monroe Co., Everglades Nati. Park, Flamingo, 29-XI-70 (3) (L. & C.W. O'Brien), 2-XII-70 (1) (W.H. Tyson); Flamingo Prairie, night, , (3) (C.W. O'Brien) (3) (L.B. O'Brien), Borrichia frutescens, 10-XI-72 (2), night, Borrichia frutescens, 10-XI-72 (16) (C.W. & L.B. O'Brien). TEXAS: Aransas Co., Goose Island St. Park, 30-XI-73 (2) (W.E. Clark); Cameron Co., Brownsville, 7-IX-38 (1) (D.C. Earley), 28-VII-67 (1) (B.A. Tilden), coll. at light, 9-X-58 (1) (H.V. Weems, Jr.), 9-IX-44, (4), Brownsville, Palm Garden Nursery, 4-III-63 (2) (H.A. Trevino); Hildalgo Co., San ta Ana Wildlife Refuge, 18-VI-69 (1) (Board & Hafernik); Kerr Co., Kerrville, 6-VI-69 (5) (Board & Hafernik); San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge, at night, 30-XI-73 (1) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 29-XI-73 (2), 30-XI-73 (3) (C.W. O'Brien), same locality, Pollito Lake, at night, 23-V-74 (2) (C.W. & L.B. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall); Willacy Co., Arroyo City, 2-XI-73 (6). Non paratypes.[in Quarantine] TEXAS: Ex plane at Brownsville, 12-X-45, #173, (3) (C.R. Joyce); MEXICO: TEXAS, Cameron Co., Brownsville, on corn ear, 13-XI-45, (1) (Burnett), With Peanut hulls, Lot No , 30-VIII-43 (1). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, ELSC, ENPC, FSCA, JWPC, TAMU, and USNM. Holotype male. Listronotus burkei O'Brien, new species Figs. 16, 40 Oblong. Body black, antennae reddish black, tarsi reddish brown; densely clothed with oval, contiguous, recumbent, brown, black, and white scales and indistinct, moderately dense, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum ca. 1/6 shorter than prothorax, stout, nearly straight, ca. apical 1/5 moderately depressed; with distinct median carina in basal 4/5, weakly grooved near lateral margins in basal 2/3; punctures moderately small, coarse, substriate, in part concealed by dense, oval, medially directed, recumbent scales and coarse, elongate, scalelike setae; apical 1/5 with sparse, apically directed, scalelike setae only. Head convex, moderately densely clothed with recumbent straplike scales; with deep, median, frontal fovea, partly surrounded by and covered with small, round to oval, recum bent scales. Antennae moderately stout, funicular segment 2 one-half longer than 1; segment 3 one-fourth longer than 4; segments 4 through 7 subequal in length, seg ment 7 very slightly broader; club oblong oval, ta. subequal to segments 3 through 6 together. Prothorax scarcely wider than long, sides broadly expanded, strongly evenly rounded; weakly constricted at apex; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; disc and pleural areas clothed with large and small, oval to round, con tiguous, recumbent, metallic and pearlescent scales; with very indistinct, pale, me dian line (evident at base and apex), with uneven white band near lateral margins;

20 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 87 Figures Male genitalia of Listronotus, dorsal view, phallus and sclero tized parts of endophalus; lateral view, phallus: 17, rubtzoffi; 18, turbatus; 19, mar shalli; 20, grypidioides; 21, nevadicus; 22, punctiger; 23, teretirostris. TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

21 88 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA also with moderately sparse, large, scattered punctures, each with indistinct, subrecumbent, scalelike seta; other punctures concealed by scales. Scutellum small, elongate oval, weakly convex; densely clothed with elongate, contiguous to im bricate, metallic scales. Elytra moderately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri scarcely evident, very weakly developed; sides very weakly narrowed to declivity, there narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae distinct through nar row; striai punctures elongate oval, well developed; intervals flat, densely clothed with contiguous, elongate oval, recumbent, metallic and pearlescent, brown, black, and white scales forming no definite pattern; each interval with row of moderately dense, inconspicuous, suberect, coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete. Legs moderately stout, femora with mainly dark, recumbent, oval and straplike scales, subannulate with pale scales at apical 1/3; with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, scalelike setae; tibiae with dense, large, round to oval, contiguous, recumbent scales and moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae on outer margin; foretibiae with dense, recumbent and suberect, long setae on inner margin; midtibiae with similar denser setae; hind tibiae with long, fine, extremely dense, velvety pile; all tibiae very strongly sinuate on inner margin; mucrones short and stout, scarcely developed on hind tibiae, lacking basal tooth. Venter with dense plumose scales on median area of prosternum, such scales sparse on all coxae; with large, round, recumbent scales on lateral areas of metasternum and abdominal sternum 1, on entire metepisternum and abdominal sternum 2, few such scales on sterna 3 and 4; remaining area with moderately sparse, recumbent, straplike setae; sternum 1 broadly medially concave in basal 112 only, apical 112 convex; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 broadly strongly con vex to near apex, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.6 mm. Allotype female. Legs with hind tibiae with moderately dense, long setae (not velvety pile), all tibiae moderately sinuate. Venter with abdominal sterna 1 and 2 convex, at most weakly flattened medially; sternum 5 weakly convex on basal 2/3, apical 1/3 weakly transversely concave. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.4 mm. Etymological Note. I take pleasure in naming this species for my friend and colleague, Dr. Horace Burke, who collected the type, and who has contributed significantly to our knowledge of the Curculionidae. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 8 specimens on hand range in size from 5.1 to 7.3 mm. This cryptic species is extremely similar to nebulosus and similis and can be separated from them with certainty only by the key characters and the differences in their genitalia. There is no host information available for this species. Range. Known only from southeastern Texas. Material Examined. Holotype and 1 paratype. Elkhart, Tex.[as] Anderson Co[unty] XI H.R. Burke; under log. Allotype. TEXAS: Montgomery Co., Woodlands, 9-VII-79 (J.E. Wappes). Paratypes. TEXAS: Anderson Co., 10 mi. S.W. Elkhart, sweeping around pond at night, 26-VIII-60 (1), under log, 26-XII-63 (1) (H.R. Burke); Brazos Co., light trap, 28-V-60 (1) (H.R. Burke); Mont gomery Co., The Woodlands, 12-V-78 (2) (J.E. Wappes). Deposition of holotype, Texas A&M University; allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the following collections: CWOB, JWPC, and TAMU.

22 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 89 Figures Female genitalia of Listronotus, dorsal view, 8th sternite; lateral view, selected spermathecae: 24, arizonicus; 25, borrichiae; 26, pallidus; 27, neocallosus; 28, fasciatus; 29, suturalis; 30, elegantulus; 31, conabilis; 32, cryptops; 33, echinodori; 34, marshalli; 35, grypidioides; 36, nevadicus; 37, crypticus. TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

23 90 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Listronotus conabilis O'Brien, new species Figs. 5, 31 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish black to red dish brown; densely clothed with large, round, contiguous to imbricate, recumbent, brown, black, and white scales, with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, coarse, clvate setae. Rostrum very slightly longer than prothorax, stout, weakly curved, ca. apical 1/4 moderately depressed; median carina distinct in apical 1/3, weakly developed basally; very weakly grooved laterally in middle 1/3; moderately densely clothed with mainly small, recumbent, round and straplike scales, very sparse on apical 1/4. Head convex, clothed moderately sparsely with metallic, straplike, recumbent scales; with deep median frontal fovea, partially concealed by rather large, round, recumbent scales. Antennae moderately slender, funicular segment 1 ca. 1/3 shorter than 2; segments 3 and 7 subequal, 1/6 shorter than 4; segments 4 through 6 subequal; club oblong oval, ca. subequal to segments 3 through 6 together. Prothorax scarcely wider than long, sides weakly expanded, subparallel, weakly constricted at base and apex; ocular lobes moderately developed; disc and pleural areas densely clothed with round, contiguous, recumbent, metallic, brown, white, and black scales, nearly concealing punctures; with scattered punctures with indistinct, straplike, coarse setae; mottled, with uneven, oblique, lateral, pale band and small, median, basal, pale spot. Scutellum small, round, strongly convex; densely clothed with pale straplike scales. Elytra weakly arcuate at base; anterior margin reflexed; humeri rounded, strongly developed; sides weakly expanded beneath and behind humeri, subparallel to declivity, there narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae and striai punctures nearly concealed by round, medium to large, recumbent, imbricate, metallic, brown, black, and few white scales; intervals flat, each with row of indistinct, suberect, clvate, coarse setae; posterior calli ob solete; mottled without definite pattern; humeri white (continuation of lateral pro thoracic bands). Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with sparse to moderately dense, oval to round, recumbent, metallic scales, denser towards apex; with dense white annulus on apical 1/3; and with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae; tibiae with outer margin densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales and moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae; inner margin with moderately sparse, erect to recumbent, coarse setae only; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, slender, with distinct basal tooth. Venter with moderately sparse, plumose scales on median areas of prosternum, mesosternum and all coxae; with sparse, large, round, recumbent scales in punctures of lateral areas of metasternum and abdominal sterna 1 and 2; remainder with moderately sparse, coarse, recumbent, metallic setae; abdominal sterna 1 and 2 broadly, very shallowly impressed, nearly flat; sternum 5 not modified, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.9 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 convex, medially very weakly flattened apically, sternum 2 convex laterally, weakly flattened medially; sternum 5 with median shallow impression. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.6 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is derived from Latin, conabilis = difficult, which refers to the trouble one may expect in distinguishing this species. It bears a close resemblance to several other species.

24 Remarks and Comparative Notes. CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 91 The holotype and allotype are the only specimens on hand. This species resembles oregonensis, but the latter usually has a tricarinate rostrum and a trivittate prothorax while conabilis has a unicarinate rostrum and a bivittate prothorax. The deeply sulcate, strongly tricarinate rostrum of marshalli will distinguish it. There is no host information available for this species. Range. Known from northern Florida and South Carolina. Material Examined. Holotype. FL[ORID]A. Taylor Co.[unty] 5 mi. S. Perry, Hwy. 361 VI C.W. O'Brien; at light. Allotype.SOUTH CAROLINA: Aiken Co., Aiken State Park, 31-V-69 (W.H. Tyson). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection. Listronotus crypticus O'Brien, new species Figs. 14, 37 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish to reddish black; densely clothed with round, recumbent, contiguous and imbricate, brown, black, and white scales, and moderately dense, suberect, clvate, scalelike setae. Rostrum as long as prothorax, stout, nearly straight, ca. apical 1/4 strongly depressed; median carina distinct for entire length, with at most indistinct lateral carinae next to deep, broad, lateral sulci in basal 1/2; punctures large, deep, often contiguous, substriate, in part concealed by large, round to oval, recumbent scales in basal 3/4; apical 1/4 with smaller, dense punctures and sparse, scarcely visible setae. Head moderately convex, densely clothed with large, round, contiguous, recumbent scales, with straplike scales on articulating surface; with broad, shallow, median, frontal impression covered by very large, imbricate, recumbent, white scales. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segments 1 and 2 subequal; segment 3 one-sixth longer than 4; segments 4 through 6 subequal and segment 7 subequal to 3 in length, though much wider; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 3 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. Ml wider than long, sides subparallel, weakly constricted at base, more strongly constricted at apex; ocular lobes strongly developed; densely, nearly completely covered with round, contiguous, convex, recumbent scales, with longitudinal, distinct, narrow, median, straight, pale whitish line and similar unevenly curved lateral line (near lateral margins); remaining scales brown to black; also with moderately dense, small, glabrous, shining punctures, each with scarcely visible, subrecumbent, coarse, scalelike seta; other punctures concealed by scales. Scutellum moderately small, round, depressed; moderately densely clothed by elongate, recumbent, white or pale scales. Elytra sinuately, moderately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri subangulate, sides slightly constricted behind and subparallel to declivity, there suddenly narrowed and attenuated to scarcely emarginate apex; apex of each elytron produced in weakly developed, triangular, somewhat ventrally directed process, scarcely visible from above; striae and striai punctures nearly completely concealed by large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

25 92 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA of intervals; intervals flat to rather strongly convex, each with row of moderately dense, often indistinct, dark, suberect, clvate, scalelike setae; interval 3 broadened and most convex in basal area; posterior calli obsolete; lacking distinct color pat tern, with uneven maculae of brown, black, and white scales. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with large contiguous to imbricate, recumbent, brown scales, sparser towards basal 1/3; with distinct white annulus on apical 1/3; with moderately sparse, often indistinct, dark, subrecumbent, coarse, scalelike setae; tibiae with large, round, contiguous to imbricate, recumbent scales and moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae on outer margin; inner margin lacking scales, with moderately sparse, recumbent to suberect, coarse, scalelike setae; hind tibiae moderately den ticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, stout, lacking basal tooth. Venter with sparse plumose scales on posterior median area of prosternum, on me dian area of mesosternum and on all coxae; with large, round, recumbent, con tiguous to imbricate scales on lateral area of metasternum, metepisternum, lateral area of sternum 1, lateral and posterior areas of sternum 2 and sparsely scattered over all of sterna 3 and 4; remaining area with moderately sparse, recumbent, scalelike setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, weakly impressed; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with weak median impression in apical 1/2, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.2 mm. Allotype female. Rostrum ca. ill longer than prothorax. Prothorax ca. 1/6 wider than long. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 flat to weakly convex; abdominal sternum 5 with moderate to deep, broad, median impression (not cleft), with apex moderately emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.05 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is based on the = Greek, kryptos secret, hid den. It is a "cryptic" species extremely similar to setosus. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 6 specimens on hand range in size from 4.3 to 5.4 mm. This cryptic species is extremely similar to setosus and can be separated with cer tainty only by dissection and study of the distinctive genitalia of both sexes. While the key characters are reasonably objective in the females, the apical elytral pro cesses are small and could easily be missed. The large ventrally directed elytral processes and flat elytral intervals will readily distinguish borrichiae from crypticus. Although no host information is available, this species has been collected in a roadside ditch from a diverse, aquatic vegetation. Range. Known from northern Florida and coastal Mississippi. Material Examined. Holotype and 1 paratype.fl[orida] Gulf Co.[unty] 1 mi. N. White City; at night C.W. O'Brien. Allotype.FLORIDA: Gulf Co., 1 mi. N. White City, at night, (G.B. Marshall). Paratypes.FLORIDA: Gulf Co., 1 mi. N. White City, at night, 5-VIII-80 (1) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 13-VI-80 (1) (C.W. O'Brien). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co., Landon, Newman Lumber Co., UV trap, 19-V-69 (1) (L.H. Williams). Deposition of holotype, allotype and paratypes, author's collection.

26 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 93 Figures Female genitalia of Listronotus, dorsal view, 8th sternite; lateral view, selected spermathecae: 38, similis; 39, nebulosus; 40, burkei; 41, laramiensis; 42, salicorniae; 43, pseudosetosus; 44, punctiger; 45, teretirostris; 46, turbatus; 47, rubtzoffi; 48, fron tal is. TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

27 94 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Listronotus cryptops (Dietz) Figs. 6, 32 Macrops cryptops Dietz, 1889, p. 32 Male. Oblong oval. Body and appendages reddish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with recumbent, pale brown, whitish, and few dark brown, round scales and moderately dense, conspicuous, suberect, coarse, clvate setae. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, stout, weakly curved, apical 11A weakly depressed; basal 3/5 bicarinate, median area strongly sulcate; apical 2/5 with median carina; basal 3/5 to 4/5 densely clothed with large, oval, recumbent, often imbricate scales con cealing punctures, and at times carinae; apical 1 /5 to 2/5 clothed moderately densely with recumbent, elongate, straplike scales and/or setae. Head weakly convex, clothed with recumbent, straplike, clvate scales, and setae; frons flat, densely clothed with large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales; lacking frontal fovea. Antennae moderately stout, funicular segment 2 one-fifth longer than 1; segments 3, 4 and 6 subequal; segment 5 one-fourth shorter and 7 one-fourth longer than 3, with 7 strongly transverse; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 2 through 5 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 broader than long, sides weakly expanded, nearly parallel, weakly constricted at base and apex; ocular lobes well developed; disc densely clothed with very large, round, basally emariginate, recumbent scales (ca. twice diameter of elytral scales), not completely concealing large, contiguous punctures; indistinctly bivittate, vittae whitish, base color pale brown; also with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, clvate setae. Scutellum small, round, convex; densely clothed with elongate, white, recumbent, plumose scales. Elytra sinuately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri subangulate, sides rather straight, though expan ding to widest point at declivity, there suddenly narrowed to attenuately, conjointly rounded apex; striae narrow, often interrupted or hidden by large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales of intervals, striai punctures large near base, small towards apex, both sizes partly to completely concealed by scales; intervals flat, each with even row of suberect, pale, clvate setae; posterior calli obsolete; mottled without distinct pat tern, scales brown, white, and few black. Legs moderately slender; femora densely clothed with round, scarcely contiguous, recumbent, brown, and white scales and sparse, inconspicuous, subrecumbent, coarse setae; usually at most subannulate; tibiae with dense similar scales and setae on outer margin, inner margin with moderately sparse setae only; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, stout, with strong basal tooth. Venter with moderately sparse, recumbent, plumose scales on median area of prosternum, mesosternum and all cox ae; lateral areas of metasternum and abdominal sterna 1 through 4 with moderately dense, large, round, recumbent scales; remainder with moderately sparse, recum bent setae; abdominal sternum 1 shallowly impressed, nearly flat; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with narrow, shallow, median, apical impression, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.1 mm. Female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 convex in anterior 1/2, posterior 1/2 medially impressed; sternum 5 with deep, narrow (nearly cleft), median, apical impression, with apex subemarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.5 mm.

28 Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 3.2 to 4.7 mm. CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 95 The 754 specimens on hand range in size This medium sized to small species could be confused with appendiculatus though the latter commonly has a pale declivital fascia or apical pale elytral spot. The latter species is also more elongate and narrow, never broader at or behind the declivity, as is cryptops. This species breeds in flower stalks of Sagittaria lancifolia Linnaeus of the Alismataceae. Larvae, pupae and teneral adults were taken from galleries in the flower stalks of this plant and numerous adults have been collected from its flowers and fruits. Range. Known from the southeastern U.S.; and also on hand from the Dominican Republic, West Indies; Mexico and Nicaragua. Listronotus echinodori O'Brien Figs. 7, 33, 51 Listronotus echinodori O'Brien, 1977, p Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body reddish brown and black, antennae and tarsi reddish brown. Densely clothed with pale brown, and brownish black, recumbent, round scales and sparse, suberect, scalelike setae. Rostrum shorter than prothorax, stout, very weakly curved, apical 1/3 strongly depressed; tricarinate, all 3 carinae prominent and sharp; rugosely punctate; punctures nearly concealed in basal 112 by large, pale brown to whitish tan, round, recumbent scales and elongate, coppery, metallic, scalelike setae; apical portion with sparser, coppery metallic to gray setae, with ca. apical 1/8 subglabrous; lateral sulci rather deep on basal 1/2. Head scarcely convex, clothed with sparse, coppery metallic, recumbent, scalelike setae; frontal fovea broadly weakly developed, nearly concealed by large, round, dense, imbricate, recumbent, brown to brownish white scales. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 slightly less than twice as long as 1; segments 3, 4 and 5 short, rounded, subequal; segments 6 and 7 larger, transverse; club long, slender, longer than funicular segments 3 through 7 together. Prothorax as long as wide, sides weakly expanding from base to apical 1/6, then weakly narrowed to apex; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; clothed densely with large, round, recumbent scales and sparse, inconspicuous, subrecumbent, scalelike setae; lateral margins and narrow median longitudinal line with mostly imbricate pale whitish to tan scales; median, lateral, broad, longitudinal lines mostly of non-imbricate brown scales; punctures large, dense and coarse, nearly or completely concealed by scales. Scutellum small, rounded, weakly convex; densely clothed with whitish to tan rounded plumose scales. Elytra slightly arcuate at base; anterior margin slightly reflexed along first 5 intervals; humeri broadly rounded; sides slightly narrowed behind humeri, gradually expanding to declivity, then narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae poorly defined, striai punctures small and moderately shallow, both nearly concealed by large, imbricate, round, recumbent scales; intervals unevenly weakly convex, each with row of suberect, clvate, scalelike setae; posterior calli obsolete; color pattern sublineate of mixed pale brown, brown, and TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

29 96 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA H Figures Antenna (49-53) and female genitalia (54) of Listronotus; lateral view of antenna: 49, callosus; 50, sordidus; 51, echinodori; 52, frontalis; 53, tur batus; dorsal view, ovipositor, vagina, oviduct, bursa copulatrix, spermathecal duct, spermatheca, spermathecal gland: 54, neocallosus. brownish black scales. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with dense, large, round, recumbent scales, except at base and apex, commonly annulate with median band of whitish to tan scales and with sparse, subrecumbent, clvate, scalelike setae; tibiae also densely scale covered, with moderately dense, suberect, clvate, scalelike setae and denser, longer, coarse setae on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, with distinct basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales on prosternum in anterior me dian impression, on median area of mesosternum and much of all coxae; lateral area of metathorax and abdominal sterna 1 and 2 with large, round, recumbent scales and sparse, coarse, recumbent, coppery, and whitish, scalelike setae; median areas

30 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 97 with suberect finer though coarse setae, longer towards apex of abdominal sternum 5; abdominal sterna 1 and 2 broadly evenly impressed; sternum 5 transversely con vex, apex very weakly impressed medially and truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.1 mm. Allotype female. Rostrum longer, subequal to prothorax. Venter with ab dominal sternum 1 weakly convex to flat posteriorly, sternum 2 flat to weakly im pressed medially; sternum 5 nearly flat. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.0 mm. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 241 specimens on hand range in size from 3.3 to 5.5 mm. Among the U.S. species echinodori is easily confused with appendiculatus. Usual ly the latter has a distinct, large, well defined, white, declivital fascia, while this species is more generally mottled, lacking such a fascia. This species has the pro thoracic and elytral scales subequal in size, broadly rounded and basally emarginate, while appendiculatus has these scales unequal in size, with smaller, elongate, oval elytral scales, and neither area with basally emarginate scales. Another species of similar appearance is cryptops, which in addition to its bicarinate rostrum can be distinguished by its very large prothoracic scales and very large, cribrate, pro thoracic punctures. L. echinodori has been reared from galls on the stems of Echinodorus cordifolius (Linnaeus) Grisebach, and has been taken on the flowers and stems of Sagittaria latifolia Willdenow together with many appendiculatus. Range. Described from Mexico, northern Honduras, and coastal Texas in the U.S.; and also now on hand from Missouri, Minnestoa, Ohio, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, the District of Columbia, and Manitoba, Canada. Listronotus elegantulus O'Brien, new species Figs. 8, 30 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and legs reddish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with recumbent, golden brown, black, brown, and few whitish brown scales and moderately sparse, subrecumbent, short, suberect, clvate setae. Rostrum ca. 1/6 longer than prothorax, stout, nearly straight, dorsal surface strongly convex, apical 1/6 strongly depressed; strong median carina on basal 5/6, basal 1/2 with strong lateral grooves, surface very coarsely, rugosely punctate, with moderately dense, medium sized, recumbent scales and inconspicuous, sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae; apical 1/6 subglabrous with dense, coarse, smaller punctures. Head convex, densely punctate, with rather fine, metallic, straplike setae; frontal area coarsely striately punctate, scarcely depressed medially, lacking frontal fovea, punctures with dense, round, small to medium, recumbent scales, smaller than (and within) punctures. Antennae moderately slender, funicular segment 1 nearly 1/3 shorter than 2; segments 3, 4 and 6 subequal; segment 5 one-sixth shorter than 3 and segment 7 one-sixth longer, 7 strongly transverse; club elongate oval, nearly as long as segments 3 through 7 together. Pro thorax ca. 1 6 broader than long, sides subparallel, slightly expanded to weakly con TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

31 98 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA stricted apex; ocular lobes strongly developed; disc unevenly clothed with large, round, recumbent scales, 5-vittate with contiguous to imbricate, golden brown, metallic scales, median line narrow, lateral lines connecting in part with marginal, pleural, broad line narrowly visible in dorsal view; with 2 broad, dark brown bands next to median line, scales here within punctures, not contiguous; also with sparse, inconspicuous, dark, suberect, clvate setae. Scutellum small, round, clothed moderately densely with elongate oval, recumbent, plumose scales. Elytra weakly arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri angulately rounded, sides sub parallel, weakly narrowed to declivity, there suddenly attenuately narrowed to clear ly emarginate apex, each elytron produced in short, blunt, triangular process; striae narrow but distinct, striai punctures large, deep, in part concealed by dense, round, imbricate, recumbent scales of intervals; sutural interval and interval 1 flat, intervals 1 and 2 moderately impressed at basal 1/3; other intervals convex; all intervals with even row of often inconspicuous, short, suberect, clvate setae; posterior calli ob solete; with distinctive color pattern, elongate, quadrate, dark brown to black mark ing on sutural intervals and intervals 1 and 2 from base to just before declivity, small dark spot behind posterior calli and lateral dark stripe from behind humeri to declivity; with evident pale brown lateral stripes from humeri to pale declivity and apex. Legs slender, femora clothed moderately densely with large, round, recum bent, dark and pale scales denser towards apex and moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae; with whitish annulus on apical 113 of hind femora; tibiae with dense, large, round, recumbent scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae on outer margin, inner margin with sparse, recumbent and suberect setae only; hind tibiae strongly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately long, stout, with small basal tooth. Venter with moderately dense, plumose scales on median area of prosternum, sparse on all coxae; with sparse, medium sized, round, recumbent scales within punctures on lateral areas of metasternum, with very few to none on abdominal ster na 1 and 2; remaining area with moderately sparse, recumbent, coarse to fine setae, and few suberect, long, coarse setae on abdominal sternum 5; abdominal sternum 1 rather narrowly, medially, moderately impressed, impression continued on apical 1/2 of sternum 2; sternum 5 with weak, median, apical, triangular impression, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.7 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 weakly convex; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with rather deep, median, broad, apical, triangular impression, apex weakly emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.85 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is based on the Latin = elegantulus very fine, which refers to its striking appearance. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 38 specimens on hand range in size from 4.0 to 5.0 mm. This small to medium sized species with its distinctive color pattern is not likely to be confused with most Listronotus. In its slender elongate form it is similar to ap pendiculatus and blandus, both of which are found in the same area and aquatic habitats. The strong median rostral carina and uniformly imbricate elytral scales of this species separate it from appendiculatus, which lacks a well developed median carina and has most elytral scales not imbricate. L. blandus is either evenly mottled

32 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 99 or nearly uniformly dark colored and has the sides of the prothorax evenly rounded, while elegantulus is strikingly patterned and has the sides of the prothorax nearly straight. There is no host information available for this species, but all specimens were col lected in an aquatic habitat in a roadside ditch. Range. Known only from the type-locality in northern Florida. Material Examined. Holotype and 2 paratypes.fl.forida] Leon Co.[untyl Bloxham, Hwy 20 5-VIII-1980 at night C.W. O'Brien. Allotype and 6 paratypes.same data except date, 8-VIII-80. Paratypes.FLORIDA: Leon Co., Bloxham, Hwy. 20, at night, 5-VIII-80 (5) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 14-VIII-80 (11), 20-VIII-80 (6) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 8-VIII-80 (2), 18-VIII-80 (4) (G.J. Wibmer). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, FSCA, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus fasciatus O'Brien, new species Figs. 15, 28 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black to reddish black, antennae and tarsi red dish brown to reddish black, densely clothed with contiguous and imbricate, recum bent, oval to round, brown, white, and black scales (including distinct white to whitish brown, transverse, declivital fascia) and moderately dense, clvate, suberect, scalelike setae. Rostrum about as long as prothorax (very slightly longer), stout, convex, slightly evenly curved, apical 1/4 weakly depressed; strongly tricarinate; basal area strongly expanded laterally, concealing scrobe in dorsal view; clothed in basal 2/3 with moderately dense, recumbent, round scales; punctures in grooves (between and next to carinae) large, coarse, dense and substriate; apical 1/3 with sparse, subrecumbent, elongate, scalelike setae. Head moderately convex, clothed with sparse, elongate, setalike, recumbent scales; frons broadly, strongly depressed, clothed densely with round, recumbent scales, concealing (or nearly concealing) large, coarse, substriate punctures; scales often concealing shallow, median, frontal fovea. Antennae slender; funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, 2ca. 1/8 longer than 1; segments 3 through 6 subequal, 7 more transverse and 1/4 longer; club oblong oval, 11A longer than segments 3 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 wider than long, sides weakly expanded, subparallel, base and apex weakly constricted; ocular lobes well developed; disc densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales con cealing granular punctation; usually with median basal and apical white spots (occasionally sublinear) and with strongly developed, marginal white stripes, median area brown to dark brown; also with sparse, inconspicuous, subrecumbent, coarse, scalelike setae. Scutellum small, broadly oval, clothed with dense, elongate, pale (often white), recumbent scales. Eytra moderately arcuate at base, anterior margin strongly elevated, intervals 1 and 2 vertical, and 3 through 6 reflexed; humeri angulate; sides subparallel to weakly expanded behind humeri to declivity, there suddenly constricted to conjointly rounded apex (may be weakly emarginate at apex); striae fine, indistinct, partly evident due to convex intervals, TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

33 100 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA striai punctures elongate, appearing fine; both striae and punctures nearly concealed by dense, large, round, imbricate, recumbent scales; alternate intervals strongly con vex; all intervals with clvate, suberect, scalelike setae; posterior calli obsolete; scale color pattern tessellate, with brown and black; declivity with broad, transverse white fascia. Legs moderately slender, femora clothed in apical 2/3 with dense, large, round, recumbent, brown, and white scales; usually clearly annulate at apical 1/3; and with sparse, suberect, coarse setae; basal 1/3 with moderately dense, elongate, recumbent to subrecumbent, coarse, scalelike setae; tibiae clothed evenly with dense, recumbent, oval to round, contiguous scales and suberect to erect, coarse setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, stout, with distinct basal tooth. Venter with only very sparse plumose scales on anterior median area of prosternum, coxae and dorsal margin of mesepimeron; with large, round, recumbent scales on prosternum, metepisternum and lateral areas of metasternum and abdominal sterna 1 through 4; remaining area with sparse, suberect, short, narrow, setalike scales; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, strongly, medially impressed; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 uneven, laterally and medially weakly impressed, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.15 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 flat to very weakly im pressed; sternum 2 flat to weakly convex; sternum 5 with narrow, shallow, median, apical impression. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.55 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is based on the - Latin, fasciatus banded, striped, which refers to its distinct, pale, transverse, declivital band. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 20 specimens on hand range in size from 4.6 to 5.7 mm. This species most resembles setosus with which it has been collected frequently, but its distinctive transverse declivital fascia will separate them, and setosus also has large round scales on the head above the interocular area. It could be confused with 2 other species with declivital fascia, appendiculatus and insignis, but these 2 have the prothoracic scales much larger than the elytral scales and both lack the granular prothoracic punctation and strongly carinate alternate elytral intervals o fasciatus. There is no host information available for this species, but all specimens have been swept from emergent, mixed aquatic vegetation. Range. Known from the Everglades in southern Florida to the Panhandle of northern Florida. Material Examined. Holotype and 3 paratypes.fl[orid]a. Gulf Co.[unty], 1 mi. N. White City, at night, , [C.W.] O' Brien & [G.B.] Mar shall. Allotype and 2 paratypes.florida: Monroe Co., Everglades Nati. Park, 5 mi. W. Jen. Pa-ha-o-kee, 24-V-76, night (C.W. O'Brien & Marshall). Paratypes.FLORIDA: Collier Co., 6 mi. E. Ochopee, night, 21-VII-73 (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Gulf Co., 1 mi. N. White City, at night, 13-VI-80 (1) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 5-VIII-80 (3) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, (2) (G.J. Wibmer); Monroe Co., Everglades Nati. Park, Jen. Pa-ha-o-kee, at night, 24-V-76 (6) (C.W. O'Brien 6 Marshall). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, ENPC, FSCA, and USNM.

34 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 101 Listronotus grypidioides (Dietz) Figs. 20, 35 Macrops grypidioides Dietz, 1889, p. 35. Macrops Wickhami Dietz, 1889, p. 36. Male. Oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with round, recumbent, brown, white, and few black scales and moderately dense, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum scarcely longer than prothorax, moderately slender, curved, apical 1/3 strongly depressed; rather weakly tricarinate, not strongly sulcate; densely coarsely punctate, with medially directed, subrecum bent (and few erect), coarse setae; apical 1/4 subglabrous, with very sparse setae. Head moderately convex, clothed with large, round, recumbent, contiguous scales, with recumbent straplike scales on margins only; frons with weak median impres sion, clothed with dense large scales, lacking frontal fovea. Antennae slender, funicular segment 2 very slightly longer than 1; segments 3 through 6 subequal; seg ment 7 one-sixth longer than 3, more transverse; club elongate oval, subequal to segments 1 and 2 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 broader than long, sides broadly ex panded, moderately strongly constricted at base and apex; ocular lobes weakly developed; disc densely clothed with contiguous, round, recumbent scales, nearly concealing punctures; trivittate, median vitta narrow, all vittae white, other scales gray to brown, scales usually becoming imbricate at marginal vittae; also with moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae, arising from small, visible, shining punc tures on rims of larger concealed punctures. Scutellum small, broadly oval; densely clothed with elongate, pale, recumbent, plumose scales. Elytra moderately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri subangulately rounded; sides subparallel, weakly expanding to declivity, there narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae narrow, striai punctures round, deep, both partially concealed by dense, imbricate, recumbent, brown, gray, and white scales; intervals flat to weakly convex; all inter vals with even row of long, suberect, coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete; mottled (without definite pattern) with brown, white, gray, and few black scales. Legs moderately stout; femora densely clothed on apical 1/2 with large, round, recum bent scales and moderately sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae; basal 1/2 with recumbent and suberect, coarse setae only; lacking distinct annulus; tibiae with large, round, recumbent scales and suberect, coarse setae on outer margin, inner margin with recumbent and erect setae only; hind tibiae at most very weakly den ticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, stout, with small basal tooth. Venter with moderately dense, plumose scales on prosternum, mesosternum, metepisternum and all coxae; lateral areas of metasternum with moderately dense, large, round, recum bent scales, very few of same on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1 through 4; re maining area with moderately sparse, recumbent, coarse setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, deeply, medially impressed, impression extending more narrowly on ster num 2; sternum 5 with broad, shallow, median, triangular, apical impression, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.1 mm. Female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 flat to weakly convex; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with moderately deep, median, apical impression, with apex weakly emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron 4.7 mm. TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

35 102 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 3.5 to 5.5 mm. The 259 specimens on hand range in size This small to medium sized species is very similar to nevadicus. The differences in the genitalia of both sexes will readily separate these cryptic species. It is not likely to be confused with any other species. This species has been swept in numbers from mixed aquatic vegetation and col lected on Eleocharis macrostachya Britton. Range. Known primarily from the western U.S. from Texas and New Mexico, northwest to Wyoming, Washington, Oregon and Nevada, and northeast to Kansas and Indiana. It extends south into Mexico as well. Listronotus laramiensis (Angel) Figs. 10, 41 Macrops laramiensis Angel, 1893, p. 12. Male. Oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with round, recumbent, cupreous, pearlescent and whitish scales and moderately sparse, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, stout, weakly curved, dorsally strongly convex, apical 1/4 strongly depressed; lack ing carinae or sulci; densely coarsely punctate, punctures nearly concealed by dense, elongate, acute, setalike, cupreous, and white scales; apical 1/4 with moderately dense, pale setae. Head convex, clothed densely with recumbent, brown, and white, straplike scales; frons clothed densely with broader recumbent scales nearly conceal ing small, moderately deep, median, frontal fovea. Antennae moderately slender, funicular segment 2 scarcely longer than 1; segment 3 one-sixth longer than 4, sube qual to 7; segment 5 one-sixth shorter than 3; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 2 through 4 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 broader than long, sides broadly expanded, subparallel, base and apex strongly constricted; ocular lobes strongly developed; disc densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales nearly conceal ing dense, coarse punctures, indistinctly trivittate, median vitta indistinct, lateral marginal vittae distinct, vittae white on brown base color; also with moderately sparse, inconspicuous, suberect, coarse setae. Scutellum small, oval, strongly con vex; densely clothed with elongate, pale, plumose scales. Elytra moderately arcuate at base; anterior margin of only interval 1 reflexed; humeri subangulately rounded, sides parallel to declivity, there suddenly attenuately narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae distinct, though narrow; striai punctures small, shallow; inter vals uneven, flat and convex, interval 2 strongly convex at base; intervals densely clothed with round, imbricate, recumbent scales; all intervals with even row of dense, suberect, coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete; clothed with cupreous brown, white, and pearlescent scales, with uneven, broad, white, lateral band from behind humeri to declivity and overall with small scattered white spots. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with moderately dense, round, recumbent scales along with sparse, suberect, coarse setae on apical 1/2, basal 1/2 with few very sparse such scales and moderately sparse, recumbent and suberect, coarse setae; hind femora only with white annulus on apical 1/3; tibiae with dense, round, recumbent scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae on outer margin, inner margin with moderately

36 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 103 sparse, suberect and recumbent, coarse setae only; hind tibiae moderately den ticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, slender, lacking basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales on prosternum, mesosternum, metepisternum and all coxae; lateral areas of metasternum and abdominal sterna 1 and 2 with some large, round, recumbent scales, remaining area with moderately sparse, recumbent, coarse, cupreous setae; abdominal sternum 1 with moderate, median impression, scarcely continued on sternum 2; sternum 5 with weak, triangular, subapical impres sion, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.5 mm. Female. Venter with abdominal sterna 1 and 2 evenly convex; sternum 5 with broad, weak impression on apical 1/2, with apex weakly sinuate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.7 mm. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 14 specimens on hand range in size from 4.9 to 5.7 mm. This distinctive medium sized species resembles elegans, but the latter has dense round scales on the rostrum and head, much finer (though very dense) prothoracic punctures, and differences in the male and female genitalia. This species varies in color. The cupreous scales of the type and other specimens are metallic green in some individuals. Host information is not available for this species but one series of specimens were collected from aquatic vegetation. The dominant plant in the habitat was Eleocharis. Range. Known from Wyoming, Montana, Michigan and Ohio. Listronotus marshalli O'Brien, new species Figs. 19, 34 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black to reddish brown, antennae and tarsi red dish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with recumbent, brown, and few white scales and moderately sparse, inconspicuous, subrecumbent, coarse, scalelike setae. Rostrum about as long as prothorax, stout, nearly straight, with apical 1/4 sudden ly, moderately strongly depressed; strongly tricarinate with 4 deep, narrow, longitudinal grooves between and next to carinae; lateral carinae often with moderately sparse punctures; grooves clothed moderately densely with large, round, recumbent scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae; punctures (in grooves) large and substriate; apical 1 /4 subglabrous, with sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae. Head moderately convex, densely punctate, each puncture with elongate, oval or narrow, straplike scale; frons with uneven median impression, entire area strigosely punc tate, often clothed with dense, imbricate, large, round, recumbent scales which often conceal punctures, impression, and shallow median fovea. Antennae slender, funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, 2ca. 1/6 longer than 1, segments 3 through 7 subequal, 7 more transverse; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 3 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 broader than long, sides subparallel to strongly rounded, base and apex strongly constricted; ocular lobes well developed; disc densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales (often within punctures, with rims of punctures shining and evident), often concealing large dense punctures; in distinctly trivittate, vittae white on brown base color; also with moderately dense, TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

37 104 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA inconspicuous, subrecumbent, coarse setae. Scutellum small, oval; densely clothed with elongate oval, white, recumbent, plumose scales. Elytra sinuately arcuate at base, anterior margin reflexed; humeri angulate, sides subparallel to declivity, there narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae narrow but clearly evident, punctures fine, elongate, nearly concealed by dense, large, imbricate, recumbent, brown, and white scales of intervals; intervals moderately convex; sutural interval, intervals 1, 2, 4 and 5 depressed near base; all intervals with even row of clvate, suberect, scalelike setae; posterior calli obsolete; main color brown (sometimes weakly tessellate with whitish and/or few black scales); humeri often with whitish basal spot. Legs moderately slender; femora clothed densely in apical 2/3 with round, recumbent, brown, and white scales; pale (whitish) annulus at apical 1/3; and with moderately dense, subrecumbent, inconspicuous, coarse setae; basal 1/3 with sparse, round, recumbent scales and sparse, elongate, subrecumbent, scalelike setae; tibiae on outer margin with large, recumbent, oval to round scales and suberect, coarse setae, inner margin with similar setae only; hind tibiae strongly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, stout, with strong basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales on anterior median area of prosternum, coxae and dorsal margin of mesepimeron; lateral areas of metasternum with moderately dense, large, round, recumbent scales, similar though sparser scales on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1 through 4, re maining area with moderately sparse, recumbent to suberect, coarse to fine setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly deeply impressed; sternum 2 flat to weakly impressed medially; sternum 5 with smooth, glabrous, triangular, apical impression, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.8 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 convex, with shallow, small, median impression; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with broad, median (not apical) impression, with apex weakly sinuate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 4.8 mm. Etymological Note. I take pleasure in naming this species for my friend and colleague, George Benn Marshall, who collected many specimens of the type series of this and numerous other species, and who has been of invaluable help in much of my field work for many years. Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 3.9 to 6.0 mm. The 64 specimens on hand range in size This medium sized to small species most resembles blandus, but the latter has the prothorax usually clearly trivittate and very narrowly constricted apically. While marshalli may be trivittate, very often it is not and its prothorax is broader and more strongly constricted apically. It is similar in appearance to oregonensis, but the dense, large, round, rostral scales and strongly rounded sides of the prothorax of marshalli will readily separate these species, (q.v. conabilis, suturalis and turbatus for further notes). No host information is available for this species, but most specimens have been collected from aquatic habitats. Range. Found in the Everglades of southern Florida to the Panhandle of northern Florida, in Mississippi, Georgia and Virginia. Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 5 paratypes.fl[orid]a., Gulf Co.[unty], 1 mi. N. White City, at night, 20 Sept C.W. O'Brien.

38 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 105 Paratypes. FLORIDA: Collier Co., 6 mi. E. Ochopee, night, 21-VII-73 (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Gulf Co., 6 mi. S. St. Joseph St. Park, 12-IX-75 (1)(G.B. Marshall); 1 mi. N. White City, at night, (2), 5-VIII-80 (5), 12-IX-75 (1), 19-IX-76 (2) (G.B. Marshall), at night, (2), 13-VI-80 (1), 5-VIII-80 (4), 19-IX-76 (2), 20-IX-78 (2), 25-IX-80 (1) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 29-IX-78 (11) (O'Brien & Marshall), at night, (2), 5-VIII-80 (3) (G.J. Wibmer); Monroe Co., Everglades Nati. Park, 5 mi. W. Jen. Pa-ha-o-kee, night, 24-V-76 (1) (C.W. O'Brien & Marshall). GEORGIA: Bibb Co., 5 mi. SE. Macn, light trap, VI-64 (2) (L. Camdre); Lowndes Co., 16-VI-62 (1) (E.I. Hazard). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co., Landon, Newman Lumber Co., UV trap, 26-V-69 (5), 9-VI-69 (1), 16-VI-69 (3), 17-VI-69 (1) (L.H. Williams); Jackson Co., Ocean Springs, 6-VI-72 (1) (R. McManaway). VIRGINIA: Rosslyn, Je 17 [sic] (1) (Chittenden); Spotsylvania Co., Fredericksburg, 12-VI-OO (1) (W.D. Richardson). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections; BMNH, CWOB, ELSC, ENPC, FSCA, GBMC, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus neocallosus O'Brien, new species Figs. 3, 27, 54 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi dark reddish brown to black. Densely clothed with contiguous and/or imbricate, recumbent, oval, brown, golden brown, and whitish brown scales, narrower and more elongate on median area of pronotum; and with sparse, very short, inconspicuous, clvate, subrecumbent, scalelike seta. Rostrum scarcely longer than prothorax, broad and stout, nearly straight, apex very weakly depressed; tricarinate, lateral carinae moderately developed; moderately densely clothed with small, round, oval and elongate, laterally directed, recumbent scales; punctures dense, large, many substriate. Head weakly convex, densely punctate, clothed rather densely with elongate, medially directed, recumbent, setalike scales; frons laterally convex, medially flattened, with elongate, median impression with very deep, large fovea at base of rostral carina; with only few round scales around fovea, remainder with scales as on head. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 ca. 1/3 longer than 1; segment 3 longer than 4; segments 4, 5 and 6 subequal in length, becoming broad apically; segment 7 broadly transverse, slightly longer than 6; club broadly oval, not acuminate, subequal to segments 4 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. Ill wider than long, sides nearly straight, weakly expanding to suddenly constricted apex; ocular lobes strongly developed; apical dorsal margin sinuate; disc densely clothed with round, oval, and elongate, recumbent, contiguous scales, densest on lateral 1/4 of disc and pleural areas; median 1/2 with elongate scales; most scales brown, with distinct, broad, pale, whitish brown, lateral, longitudinal, oblique stripe; often with narrow, pale, median stripe; disc and pleuron with moderately dense, large, distinct, shining punctures each with short, suberect, subclavate, scalelike seta. Scutellum small, oval, somewhat U-shaped, rather densely clothed with elongate, golden brown to white, recumbent scales. Elytra moderately strongly TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

39 106 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA arcuate at base; anterior margin reflexed from intervals 3 through 5; humeri angulate; sides straight behind humeri, very weakly narrowing to declivity, there sharply narrowed to slightly emarginate apex; striae distinct though narrow, with widely separated, small, deep, elongate punctures; intervals uneven, flat and con vex, in part transversely wrinkled, densely clothed with broadly oval to round, con tiguous and imbricate, recumbent, brown to whitish scales; with 1 to 3 uneven rows of moderately dense, indistinct, short, subrecumbent, clvate, scalelike setae; posterior calli very weakly developed, often clothed in part with spot of black scales; often with broad, post-humeral, pale, whitish marginal stripe. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with moderately sparse, elongate, recumbent, scalelike setae, and distinct annulus of subapical, round, pale, dense, partially imbricate, recum bent scales; tibiae clothed with mixture of recumbent, round scales and recumbent to suberect, coarse setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones long, straight, angulate at base but lacking basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales in median prosternai groove, behind forecoxae, on all coxae and on mesepimeron; sides of metasternum and margins of abdominal sterna with dense, round, recum bent scales; remaining area with moderately dense, recumbent to erect, coarse to fine setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, moderately deeply, medially impressed; sternum 2 broadly weakly impressed; sternum 5 weakly convex, scarcely medially impressed at apex, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 8.3 mm. Allotype female. Elytra with apex conjointly rounded, or scarcely emarginate. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 with anterior median process transversely con cave; medially, transversely arched, flat to convex; posteriorly, narrowly shallowly concave; sternum 2 anteriorly, narrowly, weakly concave to flat, posterior 2/3 flat; sternum 5 with 2 large, lateral and 1 small, narrow, median, apical impressions. Length, pronotum and elytron: 9.45 mm. Etymological Note. The epithet neocallosus is given in reference to the great similarity of this species and L. callosus. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 235 specimens on hand range in size from 8.3 to 11.1 mm. This rather large and cryptic species appears most similar to callosus, but the lat ter has strongly developed posterior elytral calli and has all antennal funicular segments elongate. Also ingens has a similar appearance but it too has all antennal funicular segments elongate and lacks transverse elytral wrinkles. A species often collected at the same localities, palustris, differs in its much darker base color, its narrower form with the elytra prolonged at the apices in the female, and dense covering of large pale round scales on the margins of the abdominal sterna. In all cases the distinctive genitalia will distinguish this deceptive species. The host of this species is Sagittaria Engelmanniana J.G. Smith. Specimens were collected in the field feeding on leaves of this host, and specimens in the laboratory laid eggs on and in leaf petioles and larvae developed in galleries within the leaf petiole and root collar of this species. Several of these larvae pupated and one reached the adult stage. Adults were taken in the field feeding on 2 other species of Sagittaria, gramnea Michaux and stagnorum Small. The latter 2 species are small plants, probably too small for complete development of the larvae of this species. Range. Known only from northern Florida.

40 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 107 Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 11 paratypes.fl[orid]a. Leon Co.[unty], Tall Timbers Res.fearch] Sta.[tion] Bird Window, at night 25-IX-1978; Collector: C.W. O'Brien. Paratypes.FLORIDA. Alachua Co., Gainesville, in light trap, 23-VI-59 (1) (J.W. Perry); Leon Co., Tallahassee, berlese oak and hickory litter, 1-III-78 (2) (E.D. Healy), at light, 31-VIII-78 (1) (G. J. & Z.I. Wibmer); Tall Timbers Research Station, Bird Window, at night, 22-IX-78 (2), 25-IX-78 (9) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 9-IX-78 (1), 22-IX-78 (4), at night, on Polygonum, 9-IX-78 (1), at night, dry pond, under dead leaves, 25-IX-78, (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Sheep Island, at night, 14-IX-80, (1) (N.M. Downie), at night, 9-IX-78 (1), 9-IX-80 (3), 14-IX-80 (4), 2-X-80 (2), [at night] sweeping Polygonum, 9-IX-80 (1) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 22-VIII-79 (18), 9-IX-80 (8), 14-IX-80 (54), 5-X-79 (2), at night, on Pontederia, 14-IX-80 (3), at night, on Sacciolepis striata, 14-IX-80 (5), at night, on Sagittaria, 12-VIII-80 (1), at night, on Sagittaria Engelmanniana, 14-IX-80 (22), 2-X-80 (14), at night, on Sagittaria gramnea, 14-IX-80 (1), at night, on Sagit taria stagnorum, 2-X-80 (1), UV trap, 5-VII-72 (1) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 12-VIII-80 (15), 14-IX-80 (11), 2-X-80 (13) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall), at night, 18-V-78 (1), 27-VI-78 (6), 22-VIII-79 (8), 15-IX-78 (2) (G.J. Wibmer); Jeffer son Co., 2 mi. N. Wacissa, at light, 3-VII-73 (1) (R.D. Kaplan) (1) (G.B. Marshall). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, ELSC, FSCA, NMDC, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus nevadicus LeConte Figs. 21, 36 Listronotus nevadicus LeConte, in LeConte and Horn, 1876, p Lectotype female. Oblong. Body reddish brown to black; antennae, tibiae and tarsi pale reddish brown; densely clothed with large, round, recumbent, contiguous and imbricate, brown, pale brown, and whitish scales and rather sparse, in conspicuous, suberect, coarse, non-clavate setae. Rostrum 1/7 longer than pro thorax, rather stout, evenly curved, apex not suddenly depressed; with distinct me dian carina; basal 2/3 with punctures nearly concealed by dense, elongate oval to round, recumbent, contiguous scales, and with moderately dense, suberect, coarse setae; apical 1/3 with moderately dense, recumbent to suberect, coarse setae, sparser towards apex. Head convex; mainly densely clothed with oval to round, contiguous scales, including area above interocular region, with coarse straplike scales on margins; frons flattened, weakly depressed medially, lacking frontal fovea. Anten nae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 slightly shorter than 1; segment 3 one fifth longer than 4; segments 4 through 6 subequal; segment 7 one-sixth longer than 3; club oblong oval, slightly longer than segments 2 through 4 together. Prothorax ca. 1/4 broader than long; sides broadly strongly rounded, strongly constricted at base and apex; ocular lobes weakly developed; disc densely clothed with round, con tiguous, recumbent scales concealing punctures; with moderately sparse, small, scarcely visible, shining punctures with inconspicuous, subrecumbent, coarse setae; with scales forming 2 broad, submedian, dark brown bands and trivittate, narrow, whitish bands. Scutellum small, broad, transversely oval, apex subtruncate; densely clothed with elongate, recumbent, white scales. Elytra weakly, sinuately arcuate; TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

41 108 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA anterior margin reflexed along first 5 intervals; humeri angulately rounded; sides subparallel to declivity, there suddenly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striai punctures small, very dense, indistinct, nearly concealed by large, recumbent, im bricate scales of intervals weakly convex to flat, each with row of inconspicuous, subrecumbent to suberect, clvate, scalelike setae; posterior cali obsolete; color mot tled, with grayish white, brown, and brownish black scales. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with dense, round, often contiguous, recumbent, pale (often metallic) scales, and moderately sparse, subrecumbent, scalelike setae; hind femora only with indistinct annulus at apical 1/3; tibiae with moderately sparse, recumbent, pale scales on outer margin and with moderately sparse, suberect setae, longer and finer on inner margin; hind tibiae not denticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, with fine basal tooth (may be hidden in apical setal comb). Venter with dense plumose scales on anterior, median, and posterior areas of prosternum, all of mesosternum and on all coxae; metepisternum and lateral areas of metasternum with large, round, recumbent, pale, nacreous scales; with sparse, oval, recumbent scales on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1, 2 and 3; remaining areas with moderately dense, recumbent to suberect, coarse setae; abdominal sternum 1 with broad, median, triangular impression in apical 1/2, extending weakly on sternum 2; sternum 5 with strong, median, apical impression, with apex emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.4 mm. Male. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 broadly, shallowly impressed, impres sion continued weakly on sternum 2; sternum 5 with broad shallow median impres sion and small weak lateral impressions, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.2 mm. Remarks and Comparative Notes. 4.8 to 5.4 mm. The 6 specimens on hand range in size from This rarely collected species is quite similar to elegans. The latter has a short broad rostrum, ca. 1/3 shorter than the prothorax, while nevadicus has a long narrow rostrum, subequal to or slightly shorter than the prothorax (q.v. grypidioides for comparative notes). I here designate as lectotype the first specimen in the LeConte collection in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA. This specimen has the following four labels: (1.) Nev. (2.) J.L. LeConte Coll. (3.) TYPE 418 [a red label] (4.) L. nevadicus Lee. [handwritten]. A fifth.label is being added as follows: Lectotype, Listronotus nevadicus LeConte, designated 1981, C.W. O'Brien [a red label]. No host information is available for this species. Range. Known from Nevada and also on hand from Oregon. Listronotus pallidus O'Brien, new species Figs. 11, 26 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish black to red dish brown, densely clothed with imbricate, recumbent, broadly round to oval, often metallic, white, whitish brown, tan, brown, and black scales and moderately

42 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 109 dense, clvate, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum ca. 1/8 longer than prothorax, moderately slender, curved, apical 1/3 strongly depressed; median carina distinct for entire length, with indistinct lateral carinae in ca. basal 1/2, with deep lateral grooves outside lateral carinae; punctures dense, concealed by large, round, im bricate, pale and dark scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae; apical 1/3 with moderately dense, recumbent, pale, straplike scales and very sparse, suberect, coarse setae. Head moderately convex, densely clothed medially with large, round, im bricate, recumbent scales and laterally with dense, recumbent, clvate, straplike scales; with median, broadly impressed frontal fovea, nearly concealed by dense, imbricate scales. Antennae moderately slender, funicular segment \ ca. 1/3 shorter than 2; segment 3 one-third longer than 4; segments 4 through 6 subequal; 7 one sixth longer than 6, more strongly transverse; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 3 through 6 together. Prothorax ca. 1/3 wider than long, broadly ex panded, sides subparallel, base and apex strongly constricted; ocular lobes moderately developed; disc and pleural areas densely clothed with large, round, recumbent, imbricate scales; with moderately distinct, narrow, median, white line; with uneven broader band of darker scales each side of median line; margins white; with transverse, basal, submedian, black spots; also with sparsely scattered, in distinct, subrecumbent, coarse setae; punctures completely concealed by scales. Scutellum moderately small, round, weakly convex; densely clothed with elongate, contiguous to imbricate, whitish, metallic, recumbent scales. Elytra sinuately, weak ly arcuate at base; anterior margin reflexed; humeri subangulately rounded; sides weakly expanded beneath and behind humeri, then subparallel to declivity, there narrowed to weakly emarginate apex; apex of each elytron produced in weakly developed, triangular, ventrally directed process not visible from above; striae and striai punctures nearly to completely concealed by large, round, imbricate, recum bent scales of intervals; intervals flat to weakly convex, each with row of moderately distinct, moderately dense, suberect, clvate to straplike setae; posterior calli ob solete; base color of scales pale whitish to tan, with narrow, transverse, basal black mark across intervals from suture to interval 3, declivity to apex unevenly black to dark brown. Legs moderately slender; femora clothed mainly with large, round, recumbent, imbricate scales, most white, some brown or black, with distinct white annulus at apical 1/3; and with subrecumbent, moderately sparse, pale, coarse setae; basal 1/6 with sparse, elongate, setalike scales; tibiae with large, round, im bricate scales and suberect, coarse setae on outer margin; inner margin lacking scales, with sparse, elongate, recumbent to suberect, coarse, scalelike setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately long, moderately stout, with distinct basal tooth. Venter with moderately dense to sparse, plumose scales on median areas of prosternum and on all coxae; mesepimeron, metepister num, metasternum, lateral area of abdominal sternum 1, all of sternum 2 and small lateral spots on sterna 3 and 4 with large, round, recumbent, often imbricate scales; remainder with sparse, recumbent to suberect, coarse to fine setae; abdominal ster num 1 broadly weakly medially concave; sternum 2 very weakly concave to flat; ster num 5 with lateral, weakly developed impressions, with apex subtruncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.1 mm. trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

43 110 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA Allotype female. Elytra rather darker brown behind black basal mark; with short, distinct, quadrate, black spot confined to 3rd interval halfway between base and declivity. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 flat to weakly convex; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with large, deep, round, median, subapical impression. Length, pro notum and elytron: 5.5 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is derived from = Latin, pallidus ashen, pale, wan, which refers to the distinctive pale base color of the scale covering of this species. Remarks and Comparative Notes to 5.5 mm. The 3 specimens on hand range in size from This species might be confused with salicorniae but the non-carinate rostrum of the latter will clearly distinguish them. L. borrichiae females possess ventrally pro jecting processes on the elytral apices as found in this species, but borrichiae has strongly developed granular punctation on the prothorax. No host information is available for this species. Range. Known only from the Gulf Prairie of Texas. Material Examined. Holotype.TEX.[AS] [Cameron Co.] Brownsville light trap [no collector listed]. Allotype.TEXAS. Kenedy Co., Arm strong, attracted to black light, 8-VIII-71 (W.H. Tyson). Paratype.TEXAS: Nueces Co., Corpus Christi, 9-IV-70 (1) (C.W. Griffin). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; the paratype in TAMU. Listronotus pseudosetosus O'Brien, new species Figs. 12, 43 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and tibiae reddish brown to reddish black; densely clothed with contiguous and imbricate, recumbent, brown, black, and white scales and moderately dense, clvate, suberect, scalelike setae. Rostrum ca. 1/6 longer than prothorax, curved, stout, convex dorsally, apical 1 /4 weakly depressed; with distinct median carina and indistinct lateral carinae; with moderately dense, round, recumbent scales and moderately dense, subrecumbent to recumbent, elongate, scalelike setae on basal 2/3, punctures of same large, coarse, substriate (may be partly concealed by scales); apical 1/3 with moderately sparse, recumbent to subrecumbent, elongate, scalelike setae, and coarse, large to small punctures. Head moderately convex, moderately densely clothed with round, oval, and straplike scales; frons broadly impressed with large, deep, frontal fovea, entire area with dense, large, round to oval scales and with large, deep, contiguous punc tures. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, subequal (2 slightly longer than 1); segment 3 shorter, ca. 1/4 shorter than 4 through 6, latter subequal; segment 7 one-fifth longer than 6, moderately transverse; club elongate oval, subequal to segments 2 through 5 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 wider than long, sides weakly expanded, base and apex moderately constricted; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; disc with dense, large, round to oval, recumbent, contiguous scales, nearly concealing large, deep, not granulate punctures; often with indistinct, fine, median carina; scales mostly brown, with few white scales near

44 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 111 lateral margins forming broken indistinct longitudinal line; also with scattered, raised, distinct, glabrous, shining, small punctures each with indistinct, dark, suberect, coarse, scalelike seta. Scutellum small, broadly oval; densely clothed with elongate, recumbent, pale (mainly white) plumose scales. Elytra sinuately arcuate at base; anterior margin of intervals 1 and 2 vertical, of 3 through 6 reflexed; humeri angulate; sides straight, slightly narrowing to declivity, there strongly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae nearly concealed by dense, round, imbricate, recum bent scales of intervals; striai punctures large, round and deep on basal 2/3 of striae 1 and 2, while narrow, elongate and fine on all other striae; intervals flat to weakly convex, with distinct, suberect, clvate, scalelike setae, sparser on alternate inter vals; posterior calli obsolete; tessellate, with brown and white scales (few black scales in some individuals), lacking distinct pattern. Legs slender; femora clothed in apical 1/2 to 2/3 with dense, large, round, recumbent, subcontiguous scales and subrecumbent, moderately sparse, coarse setae; only hind femora with distinct an nulus; basal 1/3 with at most very sparse, round scales, and moderately sparse, elongate, recumbent, scalelike setae; tibiae on outer margin with dense, round, recumbent scales and sparse, suberect, clvate, scalelike setae; inner margin with moderately sparse, coarse, elongate, recumbent scales and sparse, very elongate, suberect, coarse setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately long, moderately stout, with small basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales dense on anterior median area of prothorax, sparse on coxae and dorsal margin of mesepimeron; metepisternum densely and lateral areas of metasternum moderately densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales, similar scales sparser on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1 and 2; remaining areas with moderate ly sparse, elongate, subrecumbent to recumbent, scalelike setae and on abdominal sterna 4 and 5 sparse, very long, erect to suberect, coarse setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, moderately deeply impressed; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 moderately nar rowly impressed in apical 2/5, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.0 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 convex anteriorly, weakly narrowly impressed apically; sternum 2 flat to weakly convex; sternum 5 broadly, transversely, deeply impressed in apical 112, apical margin deeply impressed in ven tral view, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.5 mm. Etymological Note. The epithet pseudosetosus is given in reference to the superficial similarity of this species and L. setosus. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 14 specimens on hand range in size from 4.7 to 5.5 mm. This medium sized species most resembles setosus but lacks the granular puncta tion of the prothorax of that species, and females of pseudosetosus have only a shallow broad median impression on the 5th sternum, while in females of setosus it is deeply, narrowly cleft. In addition, both sexes of setosus have the alternate elytral intervals strongly convex. It is not likely to be confused with any other species. No host information is available for this species. Range. Known from Florida and Mississippi. Material Examined. Holotype.FL[ORID]A. Sarasota Co.[unty] Myakka trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

45 112 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA River St.[ate] P[ar]k. 27 May 1976 at UV C.W. O'Brien. Allotype.FLORIDA: Highlands Co., Lake Placid (S), N. Shore, Lake Placid, dry shore litter, 16-VIII-75 (W. Suter). Paratypes.FLORIDA: Canal Point, on pigeon pea , 19-V-44 (1); Alachua Co., Gainesville, coll. at light, 19-V-60 (1) (K.A. Noegel), 12-VI-65 (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station, at light, (1) (J.L. Bengtson); nr. Avon Park, Lk. Letta Subdiv., black light trap, 7-VI-61 (1) (T. Morris); Leon Co., Tall Timbers Research Station, Sheep Island, at night, 2-X-80 (1) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 12-VIII-80 (1) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall), at night, 29-VI-79 (1) (G.J. Wibmer); Marion Co., Ocala Nati. Forest, 3 mi. N. Hwy. 40 at Zay Prairie, at night, (1), (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Sarasota Co., Myakka River State Park, at light, 25-V-76 (1) (C.W. O'Brien & Marshall). MISSISSIPPI: Harrison Co., Moss Point, Cumbest Sawmill, UV trap, 17-VI-68 (1) (L.H. Williams). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections; CWOB, FSCA, and USNM. Listronotus punctiger LeConte Figs. 22, 44 Listronotus punctiger LeConte, in LeConte and Horn, 1876, p Listronotus gracilis LeConte, in LeConte and Horn, 1876, p. 135, NEW SYNONYMY. Listronotus bagoiformis Champion, 1902, p. 120, NEW SYNONYMY. Listronotus leechi Sleeper, 1955, p. 156, NEW SYNONYMY. Holotype male. Body reddish brown (probably due to teneral condition); densely clothed with large, recumbent, oval to round, contiguous and imbricate, shining, white, black, and brown scales and inconspicuous, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum subequal to length of prothorax, broad and stout, nearly straight, lacking carina; apical 1/4 moderately strongly depressed; basal 3/4 densely clothed with contiguous to subcontiguous, large, oval to round scales nearly concealing punc tures, and elongate, subrecumbent, coarse setae, both much sparser on apical 1/4. Head weakly convex, frons and median area above interocular region with dense, contiguous, round, recumbent scales; remaining area with recumbent, long, straplike scales; frons broadly impressed, with large, deep, median fovea. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 ca. ill longer than 1, segments 3, 6 and 7 subequal and 116 longer than subequal 4 and 5; club oblong, acuminate, subequal to segments 3 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/10 broader than long, evenly expanding from base to apical 1/4, there suddenly though weakly constricted; ocular lobes moderately developed; surface densely clothed with oval, contiguous, recumbent scales; with sparse punctures each with inconspicuous, coarse, subrecum bent seta; median 3/4 of disc with brownish black scales, margins with interrupted line of white scales. Elytra moderately strongly arcuate at base; anterior margin slightly reflexed along first 5 intervals; humeri angulate; sides slightly inflated behind humeri to basal 1/3, then straight though slightly expanded to declivity, there suddenly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae narrow; striai punctures

46 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 113 small, shallow, dense, indistinct, nearly concealed by dense, imbricate scales of in tervals; intervals weakly convex to flat, each with row of suberect, coarse, in conspicuous setae; posterior calli obsolete; color mottled, with shining white, black, and few brown scales. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with moderately dense, round to oval, recumbent, pale scales, larger scales condensed into pale an nulus on middle and hind legs; and with moderately sparse, subrecumbent, coarse setae; tibiae with evenly distributed, moderately dense, oval, recumbent, pale scales and moderately dense, suberect, long, coarse setae; mucrones moderately short to short, with distinct, slightly angled, stout, basal tooth. Venter with moderately dense, plumose scales on most of prosternum, mesosternum, metepisternum and all coxae; metasternum with round to oval, recumbent scales, larger and denser lateral ly; similar scales on all abdominal sterna, larger and denser laterally, especially on sterna 1 and 2; remaining area with sparse, subrecumbent to suberect, coarse setae; sternum 1 broadly, deeply impressed medially, with impression continuing more shallowly on sternum 2; apical area of sternum 5 barely, narrowly impressed medial ly, with apex weakly emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.55 mm. Female. Venter with sternum 1 convex, scarcely, narrowly flattened medially; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 basally flat, with pair of submedian, weakly developed protrusions, separated by weak, narrow, apical, median impression. Length, pro notum and elytron: 6.1 mm. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 95 specimens on hand range in size from 4.2 to 6.1 mm. This medium sized to small species is very widespread and variable in size, form and color. This species is extremely close to teretirostris and can be separated with certainty only by comparisons of the genitalia. In general, punctiger is more robust and paler in color, but individuals of both species overlap. The puncture of the frons is present in varying depths and sizes, or absent in both species. Hence, though LeConte placed great emphasis on this character in his species separations it is useless. The distribution of the species can be useful in species recognition since teretirostris is known only from California, north of the Transverse Ranges and west of the Sierra Nevada Range. On the other hand, punctiger is very widespread, from southern California, and all the North American deserts, north to British Columbia, south to Mexico City and northeast through the Great Plains to the Dakotas. No host information is available for this species, but many specimens have been collected from aquatic vegetation. Range. From British Columbia south in the Pacific region west of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada to southern California, throughout the Great Basin Desert from Idaho to Arizona and New Mexico, south through Durango to Mexico City, Mexico, and through West Texas north through the Great Plains to North Dakota and Minnesota. Holotype male. Listronotus rubtzoffi O'Brien, new species Figs. 17, 47 Oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish black; densely trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

47 114 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA clothed with small, oval to round, recumbent, brown, and black scales and sparse, elongate, coarse, suberect, inconspicuous setae. Rostrum slightly shorter than pro thorax, stout, nearly straight; apical 1/3 flattened, weakly depressed; with complete, fine, median carina, narrowly weakly depressed beside carina; with moderately dense, small, oval scales and elongate, narrow, recumbent, scalelike setae, directed towards carina; with dense, coarse, rugose punctures, sparser and less rugose on apical 1/3; lacking lateral sulci. Head convex, with moderately sparse, elongate, scalelike setae; frons broadly weakly depressed, with moderately large, deep, round, frontal fovea, partially concealed by dense, oval, recumbent scales, remainder with moderately sparse, recumbent, oval scales and elongate, scalelike setae. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 two-thirds longer than 1; segment 3 longer than 4; segments 4 through 7 rounded, 4 and 5 subequal, 6 and 7 subequal in length, 7 broader than 6; club oblong oval, slightly longer than segments 5 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/10 wider than long; sides evenly expanding to apical 1/10, then suddenly narrowed to apex; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; disc densely punctate, clothed medially with oval, recumbent, black, and brown, non imbricate scales, with sparse scattered punctures, each with subrecumbent, elongate, scalelike seta; scales on lateral areas larger and imbricate. Scutellum broadly oval, weakly to strongly convex; densely clothed with white, elongate, oval, plumose scales and golden brown, metallic, narrow, elongate, scalelike setae. Elytra evenly arcuate at base, anterior margin of intervals not reflexed; humeri subangulately rounded; sides subparallel, suddenly narrowed behind declivity to conjointly rounded apex; intervals flat to weakly convex; striae narrow but well defined; striai punctures small, round, and deep, partially concealed by dense scale cover; each in terval with uneven row of inconspicuous, suberect, long, narrow, coarse setae; posterior calli moderately weakly developed; color mottled brown and black, with pale brown and whitish setae confined to anterior humeral margin and indistinct basal, lateral, and median lines on prothorax. Legs stout; femora clothed in apical 112 to 2/3 with dense, oval to round, black, and brown, recumbent scales and with moderately sparse, suberect, elongate, coarse, scalelike setae, basal area with denser, longer, coarse setae only; with white annulus on hind femora only; tibiae with dense, recumbent, small, oval scales and sparse, suberect, elongate, coarse setae on outer margin; remainder with denser, longer, finer though coarse setae; mucrones moderately short, with very small, indistinct, basal tooth. Venter with elongate oval, grayish to golden brown, plumose, recumbent scales on sides of pro sternum, on anterior median impression and posterior area of same, on most of mesosternum including mesepisternum (but excluding part of strongly convex inter coxal process), on margins of metasternum including metepisternum, on lateral anterior area of abdominal sternum 1 and margins of all coxae; lateral area of metasternum and abdominal sterna 1 and 2 with large, round and oval, recumbent scales (with few of same on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 3 and 4); remaining areas with long coarse recumbent and suberect, moderately dense, metallic, golden brown setae, sparse towards apex of abdomen; abdominal sterna 1 and 2 broadly, deeply, medially impressed; sternum 5 nearly flat, weakly, narrowly, medially im pressed, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 7.1 mm.

48 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 115 Allotype female. Rostrum subequal to prothorax. Venter with abdominal ster na 1 and 2 narrowly, shallowly, medially impressed; sternum 5 with large, broad, shallow, median, and lateral impressions, with apex weakly emarginate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 8.6 mm. Etymological Note. I take pleasure in naming this species for my friend and colleague, botanist Dr. Peter Rubtzoff, who collected the first specimens of this weevil from plant samples, who took me to the type-locality where the type series was collected, and who gave me many other valuable specimens and invaluable help with plant identifications used in my research. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 56 specimens on hand range in size from 5.5 to 8.6 mm. This cryptic species is most likely to be confused with flontalis. In addition to the key characters and the differences in the genitalia, rubtzoffi is a broader, more robust species and tends to have a duller, denser scale covering. These characters and its western distribution will separate it from the smaller, shinier, Gulf Coast and southeastern turbatus. This species breeds in the stems and root collars of Sagittaria cuneata Sheldon. Dr. Peter Rubtzoff collected the first specimens from galleries in pressed botanical specimens from the type-locality. Range. Known only from the type-locality in northern California. Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 53 paratypes.calif.[ornia] Marin Co.[unty] Laguna, Chileno Valley; VII C.W. O'Brien Collector on ground under Sagittaria cuneata. Paratype.CALIFORNIA: Marin Co., Laguna in Chileno Valley, feeding Sagittaria cuneata, 2-VII-59 (1) (P. Rubtzoff). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CASC, CWOB, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus salicorniae O'Brien, new species Figs. 4, 42 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black, antennae and legs reddish brown, densely clothed with imbricate, recumbent, white, brown, and black scales and sparse, elongate, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum scarcely longer than prothorax, slender, evenly curved, apex strongly depressed; lacking carinae; evenly convex, lacking sulci; punctures moderately dense, mainly not rugose, clothed in basal 1/3 with large, oval, recumbent scales and sparse, recumbent, elongate setae; apical 2/3 subglabrous, with at most sparse, elongate, inconspicuous setae in punctures. Head convex, marginal areas clothed with recumbent, elongate, rather coarse, scalelike setae; median area above interocular space and entire frons clothed with dense, recumbent, mainly imbricate, large, oval to round scales; frontal fovea poorly developed, small, nearly concealed by scales. Antennae slender; funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, subequal; segments 3, 4, 6 and 7 subequal, segment 5 scarcely shorter, all slightly elongate; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 4 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/9 wider than long; sides weakly expanded, middle 1/2 subparallel, apex and base constricted; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; trans, amer. ent. soc, vol. 107

49 116 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA disc evenly clothed with dense, recumbent, imbricate, large, rounded scales, mainly brown, with lateral margins white, and with small basal median ana* lateral white spots and 4 basal black spots; also with sparse, inconspicuous, elongate, subrecum bent, scalelike setae; punctures dense, concealed by scales. Scutellum small, rounded, nearly flat; densely clothed with large, round, recumbent scales. Elytra slightly arcuate at base; anterior margin slightly reflexed along first 5 intervals; humeri subangulate; sides with short, distinct expansion behind humeri, weakly evenly narrowed to declivity, there strongly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae not evident; striai punctures small, clearly evident in spite of partial conceal ment by dense, imbricate scale covering; intervals weakly, unevenly convex, each with row of elongate, suberect, coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete; color mottled brown, white, and black, sutural interval uniformly pale brown (white in some in dividuals). Legs moderately slender; femora clothed with large, round, recumbent, white, brown (and occasionally few black) imbricate scales and sparse, suberect, elongate, scalelike setae (usually not annulate); tibiae similarly clothed, except inner face with only longer, denser, coarse setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones short, with indistinct basal tooth. Venter with plumose scales only on anterior median impression of prosternum, posterior median area of same, and on parts of all coxae; most of remainder with dense, round, large, recumbent, usually imbricate scales; except abdominal sternum 5 with moderately dense, subrecumbent to suberect, coarse, elongate setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly, deeply impressed; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with moderately broad, shallow, apical, median impression, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.7 mm. Allotype female. Rostrum more strongly curved; punctures finer (distinctly separated); lacking large scales, with sparse, fine setae only on base. Venter with ab dominal sternum 1 with weak, broad, anteriorly directed, transverse impression and even weaker, narrow, posterior, median impression; sternum 2 very weakly convex; sternum 5 with long, narrow, glabrous, median groove extending to very weakly emarginate apex. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.5 mm. Etymological Note. This species is named for its host plant genus, Salicornia, Glasswort or Saltwort, of the Chenopodiaceae. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 167 specimens on hand range in size from 4.8 to 6.5 mm. This medium sized species is not likely to be confused with any other except perhaps pallidus. The latter has distinct rostral carinae and the female has a large, round, deep, median impression on the 5th abdominal sternum, while salicorniae had no rostral carina and the female has a narrow, longitudinal, moderately shallow, median sulcus on the 5th sternum {q.v. marshalli and suturalis for com parative notes). The host of this species is presumed to be Salicornia. The majority of the specimens on hand were collected on Glasswort or Saltwort, Salicornia, many on the species virginica Linnaeus. When kept in containers with this plant, the adult weevils fed heavily on the individual joints that make up the stems and branches of the plant. Range. Known from coastal salt marshes in southern and central Florida and southern Texas.

50 Material Examined. CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 117 Holotype and 7 paratypes.fl[orid]a. Indian Riv.fer] Co.[unty] 5 mi. S. Vero Beach [Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory] night C.W. O'Brien & [G.B.] Marshall; at night salt marsh. Allotype and 14 paratypes.florida: Indian River Co., 5 mi. S. Vero Beach, at night, salt marsh, (C.W. O'Brien & Marshall). Paratypes.FLORIDA: Indian River Co., 5 mi. S. Vero Beach, night, salt marsh, beating Borrichia, 8-X-78 (2), night, salt marsh, beating Salicornia, 7-X-78 (8), 8-X-78 (22) (G.B. Marshall), night, salt marsh, 6-X-78 (5), night, salt marsh, beating Borrichia, 8-X-78 (2), night, beating Salicornia, 8-X-78 (1), night, salt marsh, beating Salicornia, 7-X-78 (5), 8-X-78 (10) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall), on Salicornia, 29-XII-77 (11) (C.W. & L. O'Brien & G.J. Wibmer); Monroe Co., Everglades Nati. Park, Flamingo Prairie, night, (1) (R.D. Kaplan), night, 20-VII-73 (6) (G.B. Marshall), night, (7), 20-VII-73 (25) (C.W. O'Brien), night, (2) (L.B. O'Brien), night, on Salicornia virginica, 10-XI-72 (29) (C.W. & L.B. O'Brien), night, (1) (O'Briens & Kaplan). TEXAS: Aransas Co., Goose Island St. Park, 9 mi. N. Rockport, 15-VI-66 (3) (D. Larson & W. Sharp); Cameron Co., Brownsville, 1994, Lot No , 9-II-43 (1) (I. Shiller); Galveston Co., Galveston, at light, 21-IX-63 (2) (Wm. W. Gibson); Kleberg Co., Loyala Beach, 19-X-78 (1) (N.M. Downie). Non paratype.[in Quarantine] MEXICO: Port Isabel, TEXAS: Cameron Co., Brownsville, with Pineapple fruit, Tx-73130, , (1). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, ELSC, ENPC, FSCA, JWPC, NMDC, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus suturalis O'Brien, new species Figs. 9, 29 Holotype male. Oblong. Body black, antennae, tibiae and tarsi reddish brown; densely clothed with imbricate, recumbent, black, brown, golden brown, and white scales and sparse, elongate, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum about as long as pro thorax, moderately stout, nearly straight, with apical 1/4 suddenly strongly de pressed; ca. basal 1/2 with broad median impression with subcarinate margins, apical 1/2 with median carina; punctures longitudinally rugose, substrigose, basally in large part concealed by broadly oval, recumbent scales; remaining area with recumbent to subrecumbent, elongate setae, except sub-glabrous apical 1/3. Head weakly convex; evenly, moderately sparsely clothed with elongate, recumbent setae; frons impressed and densely clothed with recumbent, broadly oval, imbricate to contiguous scales; scales usually concealing shallow, indistinct frontal fovea. Anten nae slender; funicular segments 1 and 2 elongate, subequal; segments 3 through 6 subequal (3 may be slightly longer than 4); 7 slightly broader, 1/3 longer; club oblong oval, subequal to segments 2 through 6 together. Prothorax ca. 1/5 wider than long, sides scarcely expanded, subparallel, base and apex weakly constricted; ocular lobes moderately strongly developed; disc with broad, oval, recumbent scales; margins of disc, pleural areas and median line white, remainder as 2 broad TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

51 118 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA lateral brown bands; also with sparsely scattered, visible, shining punctures, each with suberect coarse seta; larger punctures dense, concealed by scales. Scutellum moderately small, oval, convex, clothed with moderately dense, elongate, recum bent, coarse setae. Elytra evenly, moderately arcuate at base, anterior margin ver tical, not reflexed; humeri subangulate; sides subparallel, slightly expanded to declivity, there strongly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae clearly evident; striai punctures fine, elongate, and shallow; sutural interval moderately convex, more strongly on declivity, clothed with golden brown, imbricate, recumbent, oval scales; remaining intervals flat to weakly convex, clothed with similar black, brown, golden brown, and white scales (in usually marmorate patterns); odd intervals with suberect, coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete. Legs moderately slender; femora clothed at apical 1/2 with large, oval, dense, recumbent scales, becoming sparser to absent towards base, lacking annulus; and with moderately sparse, even, subrecum bent, elongate scales; tibiae with oval, imbricate, recumbent scales on outer margin and with setae as on femora; inner margin lacking scales, with elongate, recumbent to erect, moderately long to very long, fine setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately long and moderately narrow, lacking basal tooth. Venter with moderately dense plumose scales on median areas of prosternum, entire mesosternum, metepisternum and all coxae; lateral areas of metasternum with dense, round, recumbent, imbricate scales; remaining areas with moderately dense to sparse, recumbent to erect, coarse to fine setae; abdominal sternum 1 broadly deeply impressed; sternum 2 narrowly, moderately deeply impressed in anterior 3/4; sternum 5 with apical, median and lateral, sub-basal, shallow impressions, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.9 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 evenly, moderately convex; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 with large, deep, median impression. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.5 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is derived from the Latin, sutura = seam, and refers to the distinctive pale sutural stripe of this species. Remarks and Comparative Notes. The 19 specimens on hand range in size from 4.5 to 6.3 mm. This medium sized species is most similar to elegans but the latter has neither a carina nor a groove on the rostrum. This species resembles marshalli but the latter has setae on all elytral intervals and has the frontal area of the head deeply striately punctate. This species lacks the tricarinate rostrum of blandus, and frontalis and rotundicollis have a distinctive median carina, while suturalis is bicarinate with a distinctive broad median impression. An apical carina is present in some specimens on hand, but this is not continued on the basal 1/2 to 2/3 {q.v. turbatus for com parative notes). No host information is available for this species. Range. Known only from the Gulf Prairie of Texas. Material Examined. Holotype and allotype.texas, S.[an] Patricio Co.[unty] Welder Wildlife R.[efuge] V C.W. & L. O'Brien & [G.B.] Mar shall; UV trap. Paratypes.TEXAS: San Patricio Co., Welder Wildlife Refuge, 18-X-72 (1) (R.L. Brown), at night, 30-XI-73 (3) (C.W. O'Brien), same locality, Pollito Lake, at night, 27-VIII-70 (1) (L. & C.W. O'Brien); Kleberg Co., Kingsville,

52 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN [sic], fw [sic] (1); Live Oak Co., 4 mi. E. Dinero, 19-V-73 (1) (C.W. Griffin); Lake Corpus Christi, 3 mi. S. Swinney Switch, at light, 22-VIII-74 (1) (C.W. & L.B. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall), UV trap, 22-VIII-74 (4) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Marshall); Refugio Co., 5 mi. S.W. Woodsbora [Woodsboro], 9-VI-75 (5) (R. Turn bow). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, RWTC, TAMU, and USNM. Listronotus teretirostris LeConte Figs. 23, 45 Listronotus teretirostris LeConte, in LeConte and Horn, 1876, p Holotype female. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi reddish brown; densely clothed with contiguous, oval, recumbent, grayish, brown, and black scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae. Rostrum subequal to length of pro notum, broad and stout; evenly curved, apex not strongly depressed; with scarcely evident, weak, median carina; clothed densely with broadly oval, recumbent, metallic scales and moderately dense, suberect, long, coarse setae, both sparse towards apex. Head convex, frons and median area just above interocular region with round to oval scales; area above inter ocular region with long, straplike scales; median frontal fovea large and deep. Antennae moderately slender; funicular seg ment 2 ca. 1/6 longer than 1; segment 3 one-sixth longer than 4 and equal to 7; segments 4, 5 and 6 subequal; club oblong, acuminate, as long as segments 1 and 2 together. Prothorax ca. 1/10 broader than long; sides rounded, moderately con stricted at base and apex; ocular lobes moderately developed; disc densely clothed with oval to round, recumbent, contiguous, metallic scales; also with sparse small punctures, each with suberect, long, coarse seta. Scutellum narrowly oval, densely clothed with elongate, subrecumbent, pale to brown scales. Elytra strongly arcuate at base; anterior margin weakly reflexed along first 5 intervals; humeri angulately rounded; sides slightly inflated behind humeri to basal 1/3, then subparallel to declivity, there suddenly narrowed to conjointly rounded apex; striae narrow; striai punctures small, shallow, dense, indistinct; intervals flat, densely clothed with recumbent contiguous scales, each with row of suberect coarse setae; posterior calli obsolete; color mottled, with white, gray, brown and black metallic scales. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed with dense, recumbent, oval to round scales, sparse towards base, forming distinct pale annulus at apical 1/3, and with moder ately dense, subrecumbent, coarse setae; tibiae with dense, oval, recumbent scales and sparse, suberect, coarse setae on outer margin, inner margin with only recum bent to suberect, coarse setae; hind tibiae weakly denticulate on inner margin; mucrones moderately short, with small, laterally angled, scarcely visible basal tooth (broken or worn from 3 of 6 legs on type), nearly concealed by similarly sized apical setal comb. Venter with sparse plumose scales on anterior median area of proster num, all of mesosternum, metepisternum and all coxae; lateral area of metasternum with dense, large, round, contiguous, recumbent scales; similar scales sparse on lateral areas of abdominal sterna 1 and 2; remaining area with sparse, subrecumbent TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

53 120 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA to suberect, coarse setae; abdominal sterna 1 and 2 shallowly medially impressed; apical 1/3 of sternum 5 narrowly, clearly impressed, with apex truncate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.4 mm. Male. Rostrum slightly shorter than length of prothorax. Venter with ab dominal sternum 1 with broad, deep, median impression, weakly extending onto sternum 2; apical 1/3 of sternum 5 only very weakly medially impressed. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.2 mm. Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 4.2 to 6.0 mm. The 56 specimens on hand range in size This medium sized to small species is similar only to punctiger {q.v. for com parative notes). Both species are rather elongate and are densely clothed with smooth, shining, often nacreous or metallic, oval to round, recumbent scales, giving them a distinctive appearance in this large genus. The probable host of this species is Eleocharis macrostachya Britton as numerous specimens were swept from a stand of this plant. Range. Known only from north central California, north of the Transverse Ranges and west of the Sierra Nevada. Listronotus turbatus O'Brien, new species Figs. 18, 46, 53 Holotype male. Elongate oblong. Body black, antennae and tarsi dark reddish brown to black; densely clothed with oval to round, recumbent, brown, golden brown, black, and white scales and moderately sparse, inconspicuous, short, dark, clvate, scalelike setae. Rostrum scarcely longer than prothorax, broad and stout; nearly straight, apex weakly depressed; with strong median carina; apex strongly medially impressed anterior to antennal insertion; with strong, uneven, coarse punc tures; lateral grooves with substriate punctures, with moderately dense, recumbent, medially directed, narrow, setalike scales. Head moderately convex; densely, coarsely punctate with inconspicuous, brown, long to short, coarse, scalelike setae; frons with large, deep, median fovea, lateral areas with coarse, substrigose punc tures. Antennae moderately slender; funicular segment 2 slightly longer than 1, much more robust; segment 3 slightly longer than 4; segments 4, 6 and 7 subequal in length, 7 much more robust and transverse; segment 5 slightly shorter than 4, oval; club oblong oval, not acuminate, slightly longer than segments 4 through 7 together. Prothorax ca. 1/10 broader than long, sides nearly straight, weakly expanded to weakly constricted apex; ocular lobes strongly developed; median 1/2 of disc with moderately dense, mainly elongate, few oval, non-contiguous, recumbent, golden brown to black scales, with clearly visible, variable sized punctures; lateral margins and pleural areas with dense, contiguous, oval to round, black, brown, and white, recumbent scales; with indistinct, narrow, median, pale stripe and oblique, broken, white (or white and pale brown) lateral stripe; also with inconspicuous, suberect, coarse, clvate, scalelike setae in large, moderately sparse, conspicuous, oval punc tures. Scutellum oval to U-shaped; densely clothed with elongate, recumbent, golden, and white scales. Elytra moderately strongly arcuate at base; anterior

54 CHARLES W. O'BRIEN 121 margin of intervals 3 through 5 reflexed; humeri subangulately rounded; sides straight, slightly narrowed to declivity, there sharply narrowing to conjointly rounded apex; striae distinct, with deep, round to narrowly elongate, well separated punctures; intervals nearly flat, obliquely depressed behind or at basal 1/5; posterior calli very weakly developed; clothed with dense, contiguous, black and/or brown, recumbent scales with distinct, small, scattered, white spots along striae; with suberect, coarse, clvate, inconspicuous, dark, scalelike setae. Legs moderately stout; femora clothed in apical 1/2 with dense to moderately dense, large, oval to round, black, brown, and white, recumbent scales, with distinct white annulus; base moderately sparsely cjothed with suberect to recumbent, coarse, scalelike setae, and at times with sparse, round, recumbent scales; tibiae on outer margin with dense, round, recumbent scales and sparse, erect, coarse setae; inner margin with elongate, coarse, recumbent and erect setae only; hind tibiae not denticulate on inner margin; mucrones long, with sharp, distinct, basal tooth. Venter with dense plumose scales on median prosternai impression and moderately sparse on front and midcoxae; with moderately sparse, round, recumbent, pale scales on lateral areas of metaster num, and few such scales laterally on abdominal sterna 1 and 2; remainder with moderately sparse, golden brown, recumbent to suberect, elongate, coarse setae; ab dominal sternum 1 broadly, deeply impressed medially; sternum 2 more narrowly impressed; sternum 5 with uneven surface, indistinctly to moderately distinctly, medially impressed, with apex truncate to very slightly sinuate. Length, pronotum and elytron: 5.9 mm. Allotype female. Venter with abdominal sternum 1 flat to weakly impressed medially; sternum 2 flat; sternum 5 uneven, medially weakly convex to flat. Length, pronotum and elytron: 6.9 mm. Etymological Note. This epithet is from the Latin, turba tus = confused and refers to the ease with which this species can be and has been confused with L. fron talis. Remarks and Comparative Notes. from 4.7 to 7.1 mm. The 85 specimens on hand range in size This medium sized species is very similar to frontalis with which its range overlaps from Florida to Texas along the Gulf Coast. This species always lacks the median apical prothoracic impression commonly found in the female o frontalis and in all cases the median area of the prothoracic disc is clothed with much sparser, primarily elongate, usually setalike scales rather than the dense, round to oval scales o fron talis. The antennal funicular segments o frontalis are more elongate, with the sides less rounded (see figs. 52 & 53). The 8th sternites of the females of both species are nearly identical, but the male endophallic structures are quite different and readily separate the two closely related species. The distinctive pale sutural stripe of suturalis and its lack of setae on alternate elytral intervals will readily separate it from turbatus. The tricarinate rostrum of marshalli will separate it from this unicarinate species. This species probably breeds in Sagittaria. Specimens collected by general sweep ing of miscellaneous aquatic plants were placed in containers with several possible hosts (Polygonum, Sacciolepis, Pontederia and Sagittaria). The specimens fed lightly on the flowers of Polygonum but not on the leaves, but fed heavily on leaves TRANS. AMER. ENT. SOC, VOL. 107

55 122 LISTRONOTUS OF AMERICA and leaf petioles of Sagittaria. They also laid eggs in the leaf petioles of the latter and larvae developed in galleries in these petioles. They refused to feed on the other genera listed above. Range. Known from central to northern Florida, Georgia, Louisiana and southeastern Texas. Material Examined. Holotype, allotype, and 4 paratypes.fl[orid]a. Leon Co.[unty] Tall Timbers Res.[earch] Sta.[tion] Sheep Island at night 27-VI-1978; G.J. Wibmer Collector. Paratypes.FLORIDA: FLA.[s/c] (3); Alachua Co., Gainesville, 1-III-24 (1) (T.H. Hubbell), 19-V-19 (1) (G.B. Merrill), blacklight trap, 20-IV-65 (3) (J.W. Perry), 25-V-47 (1) (H.V. Weems, Jr.); Paynes Prairie nr. Gainesville, blacklight trap, 3-IX-70 (1) (D.R. Birkenmeyer); Highlands Co., Archbold Biological Station, at light, 3-IV-75 (1) (J.L. Bengtson); Leon Co., Tallahassee, at light, 8-V-75 (1) (P.H. Carlson), 9-V-74 (1) (G.B. Marshall); Tallahassee, Lake Jackson, (1) (C.W. O'Brien); Tall Timbers Research Sta tion, Sheep Island, at night, 14-IX-80 (1) (N.M. Downie), at night, 29-VI-79 (4), 14-IX-80 (2), [at night] beating Ludmgia, 9-IX-80 (1) (G.B. Marshall), at night, 9-IX-80 (1), 14-IX-80 (13), 2-X-80 (5), at night, on Sacciolepis striata, 2-X-80.(l) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 12-VIII-80 (19), 14-IX-80 (1) (C.W. O'Brien & G.B. Mar shall), at night, 18-V-78 (2), 29-VI-79 (1), 15-IX-78 (2) (G.J. Wibmer); Okeechobee Co., at light (1) (D.R. Paulson); Okaloosa Co., Destin, at night, beating turkey oak, 16-V-60 (1) (R.E. Woodruff); Sarasota Co., Myakka River St. Park, at night, swept Polygonum punctatum, 28-VII-76 (1), at UV, 27-V-76 (1) (C.W. O'Brien), at night, 27-V-76 (1) (C.W. O'Brien & Marshall). GEORGIA: Thomas Co., Bar M Ranch, VII-67 (1) (E. & W. Sedgwick). LOUISIANA: Allen Parish, Kinder, at light, 31-IV-66 (1) (L.D. Wilson & R.E. Tandy); Vermilion Parish, Gueydan, at light, 28-VI-25 (1) (E. Kalmbach). TEXAS: Montgomery Co., The Woodlands, V-78 (1), 2-3-VI-79 (1) (N.M. Downie); Orange Co., light trap, V-61 (1). Non paratype.florida: Lake Kissimmee, 1428 Bufo (1). Deposition of holotype and allotype, author's collection; paratypes in the follow ing collections: BMNH, CWOB, FSCA, NMDC, SEMC, TAMU, and USNM. Acknowledgements I thank the following curators and institutions for the loan of specimens and/or assistance with types: Dr. Peter D. Ashlock, Snow Entomological Museum, Univer sity of Kansas (SEMC), Lawrence, KS; Dr. Horace R. Burke, Texas A&M Univer sity (TAMU), College Station, TX; Dr. Norville M. Downie (NMDC), Lafayette, IN; Everglades National Park Collection (ENPC), Homestead, FL; Dr. Henry and Anne Howden (HAHC), Ottawa, ONT; Dr. David H. Kavanaugh, California Academy of Sciences (CASC), San Francisco, CA; Dr. W.P. McCafferty, Purdue University (PURC), Lafayette, IN; Dr. Ronald J. McGinley, Museum of Com parative Zoology (MCZC), Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; Mr. Richard Thompson, British Museum (Natural History) (BMNH), London, England; Mr. James Wappes (JWPC), Des Moines, IA; Dr. Donald Whitehead, National Museum of Natural History (USNM), Washington, DC; and Dr. Robert Woodruff, Florida State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA), Gainesville, FL. Specimens are also