Five-City Panel Study on Walking Wave Three Results

Transcription

1 Five-City Panel Study on Walking: Wave Three Results December 2004

2 Five-City Panel Study on Walking Wave Three Results Data Collected by International Communications Research Report Prepared by International Communications Research Copyright 2004 AARP Knowledge Management 601 E Street, NW Washington, DC Reprinting with Permission

3 AARP is a nonprofit, nonpartisan membership organization dedicated to making life better for people 50 and over. We provide information and resources; engage in legislative, regulatory and legal advocacy; assist members in serving their communities; and offer a wide range of unique benefits, special products, and services for our members. These include AARP The Magazine, published bimonthly; AARP Bulletin, our monthly newspaper; AARP Segunda Juventud, our quarterly newspaper in Spanish; NRTA Live and Learn, our quarterly newsletter for 50+ educators; and our web site, We have staffed offices in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Acknowledgements International Communications Research prepared this report for AARP under the direction of Teresa A. Keenan, Ph.D. We would like to thank David Dutwin, Ph.D., Senior Research Director, at International Communications Research for his work on behalf of this project. We would also like to thank Jeffrey Love, Ph.D., Associate Research Director, Strategic Issues Research, who provided management review of the final report. For additional information contact Teresa A. Keenan at (202)

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY... 3 INTRODUCTION... 6 A NOTE ABOUT ANALYSIS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AND PANEL DATA... 8 SUMMARY OF AGGREGATE DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES... 9 Attitudes Toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit...9 Self-Reported Exercising...9 Attitudes Toward Locations for Walking...10 Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking...10 Step-Counters...10 SUMMARY OF OVERALL PANEL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WAVES Attitudes Toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit...11 Self-Reported Exercising...11 Attitudes Toward Locations for Walking...12 Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking...12 Step-Counters...13 Life Satisfaction and Health Rating...13 SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHIC PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: TWO VARIABLE COMPARISONS Attitudes Toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit...14 Self-Reported Exercising...14 Attitudes Toward Locations for Walking...14 Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking...15 Step-Counters...15 SUMMARY OF CAMPAIGN PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: TWO VARIABLE COMPARISONS Recall of Messages in Wave 3 Results

5 SUMMARY OF CAMPAIGN PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: MULTIPLE VARIABLE COMPARISONS Self-Reported Exercising...17 Attitudes Toward Locations for Walking...17 Step-Counters...18 Messages...18 APPENDIX A: ANALYSIS DETAILS APPENDIX B: ANNOTATED QUESTIONNAIRE

6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Five-City Panel Study on Walking was designed as a follow-up effort to the Active for Life TM ing campaign. Based on their similarities with Richmond, Virginia, one of the two demonstration sites that were the focus of the Active for Life TM project, four southern cities were selected as study sites: Raleigh, North Carolina; Rock, Arkansas; Columbia, South Carolina; and Montgomery, Alabama. In order to test the efficacy of its ing campaign, AARP, in partnership with ICR/International Communications Research, designed a population-level evaluation campaign across the five cities. Telephone interviews were conducted for three separate waves, with a variety of activities and events occurring between survey waves. Wave one interviews took place June 3 through 22 among a representative sample of adults age 50 and older in the five cities (including Richmond, the control city for wave one). Wave two interviews were conducted July 15 through August 16, and wave three interviews occurred September 13 through October 14, This report highlights differences between wave one and three in awareness of the ing campaign, its message, and sponsor; the likelihood of exercising; knowledge and use of step-counters; and respondents rating of their environment for ing. Differences across study sites are also reported where significant. 1. Awareness of the Walking Campaign, Its Message, and Sponsor Among the panel respondents, there was a significant increase of five percent in their awareness of the ing campaign from wave one to wave three. However, with the cross-sectional data, there was a small, but statistically insignificant, increase in the percentage of respondents who said they recalled messages designed to increase ing among people ages 50 and older. One of the most important and powerful effects uncovered in the wave two analysis was a substantive relationship between recall of messages designed to increase ing and an increase in reported ing, such that those who did not recall messages decreased their reported ing by.2 hours per week, while those who recalled such messages increased their ing by nearly one hour. This effect, however, did not persist in wave three. Message recall improved significantly between waves two and three in Montgomery (+15%), Columbia (+11%) and Rock (+12%), while message recall decreased in Richmond (-1%) and Raleigh (-16%). This is not surprising since Richmond and Raleigh both served as control cities with no intervention and we would expect to see no change. 3

7 Within the panel data, recall of AARP as the sponsor of health-related messages increased from.1% to 5%. But, with the cross-sectional data, as with awareness of the ing campaign, there was a small, but statistically insignificant increase in recall of the message sponsor (1% to 2% to 2.4%). 2. Differences between Cities In addition to the change across the cities in the three waves with regard to message recall, a similar change was found with regard to how much respondents thought people over the age of 50 should exercise to remain fit, with significant decreases in ratings occurring in Richmond and Raleigh (-.02 for both control sites) and increases occurring in Columbia (+.18 ) and Rock (+.03). However, in Montgomery, the level of exercise respondents thought adults age 50 and over should accumulate decreased as much as in Raleigh (-.02 days) over the course of the study period. The same pattern occurred with regard to overall hours spent ing per week. Significant decreases were found in Richmond (-.04 hours) and Raleigh (-1.12) from wave one to wave three, while significant increases were detected in Montgomery (+.69) and Columbia (+1.15). On this measure, the finding for Rock was contrary to expectation, with a decrease in overall hours spent ing as large as that found in Raleigh (-1.1). When looking at the pattern for moderate exercise, significant decreases occurred among the respondents in the two control cities of Richmond (-.79 hours) and Raleigh (-.96) as well as in Columbia (-.15) in terms of how much moderate exercise is necessary. In Montgomery (+.83) and Rock (+2.42), the number of hours respondents said someone should engage in moderate exercise increased significantly from wave two to wave three. 3. Step-Counters Step-counter ownership increased among the cross-sectional respondents from 14% in wave one to 18% in wave three. A similar increase in step-counter ownership occurred within panel respondents as well (from 20% to 23%). Knowledge of step-counters increased in cross-sectional respondents from 31% in wave one to 36% in wave three. This mirrored the positive change that also occurred in panel respondents (from 42% to 52%). 4

8 4. Participation in Exercise Overall, there was a small, but statistically insignificant increase in those who said they currently participate in exercise classes from 17% in wave one to 19% in wave three. While there were no overall significant increases in exercise among crosssectional respondents, there was a significant increase in the number of days people reported ing from 2.65 to 2.83 days (even though the duration within each day decreased). There were significant differences in exercise within panel respondents across the three waves. As noted above, there were significant differences within cities for ing as well as for moderate exercise during the course of the study period. 5. Rating of Location for Walking There were no overall differences in rating of neighborhoods, towns, or cities for ing among cross-sectional respondents or panel respondents. Changes in ing rating from wave one to wave three was significantly related to whether respondents recalled having seen, read, or heard messages designed in increase ing. Those who recalled a message increased their rating of their community as conducive to ing (by +.05 on a five-point scale) while those who did not recall a message decreased their rating (by-.13). 5

9 INTRODUCTION The Five-City Panel Study on Walking was designed as a follow-up effort to the Active for Life TM ing campaign. Based on their similarities with Richmond, Virginia, one of the two demonstration sites that were the focus of the Active for Life TM project, four southern cities were selected as study sites: Raleigh, North Carolina; Rock, Arkansas; Columbia, South Carolina; and Montgomery, Alabama. In order to test the efficacy of its ing campaign, AARP, in partnership with ICR/International Communications Research, designed a population-level evaluation campaign across the five cities. Telephone interviews were conducted for three separate waves, with a variety of activities and events occurring between survey waves. The evaluation used a combination of cross-sectional interviews (with new contacts, respondents who were never previously interviewed) and panel interviews (with recontacts, those who had completed all previous surveys). A baseline survey (wave one) was fielded in June 2004, prior to commencement of activities, the results of which are available in a companion report, Five-City Panel Study on Walking: Wave One. Similarly, a follow-up survey (wave two) was fielded in July and August 2004, after the media campaign but before the actual 10-week ing programs began. Results can be found in Five-City Panel Study on Walking: Wave Two. Wave three interviews were conducted in September and October, the results of which are highlighted in this report. Between waves one and two, Richmond served as the control city, while between waves two and three, Richmond served as an overall control and Raleigh served as a specific control for the campaign intervention that occurred between waves two and three. These interventions were a ing program with a step-counter giveaway program (PG), a ing program with peer support activities (PS), and a ing program with both the step-counter giveaway and peer support activities (see Table 1). This report highlights differences between wave one and three in awareness of the ing campaign, its message, and sponsor; the likelihood of exercising; knowledge and use of step-counters; and respondents rating of their environment. Differences across study sites are also reported where significant. 6

10 Richmond Table 1 Intervention Plan for Five-City Walking Pilot Control: no interventio n Raleigh Baseline Walking promotion/ communications campaign Columbia Baseline Walking promotion/ communications campaign Rock Baseline Walking promotion/ communications campaign Montgomery Baseline Walking promotion/ communications campaign Post- Campaign Measure 2 Post- Campaign Measure 1 Post- Campaign Measure 1 Post- Campaign Measure 1 Post- Campaign Measure Post- Campaign Measure 2 Walking program with pedometers Walking program with peer support Walking program with pedometers and peer support Post- Campaign Measure 2 Post- Campaign Measure 2 Post- Campaign Measure 2 7

11 A NOTE ABOUT ANALYSIS OF CROSS-SECTIONAL AND PANEL DATA The data collected in the Five-City Panel Study on Walking are exceptionally rich, as they include both cross-sectional and panel elements. Specifically, the cross-sectional element consists of respondents who have not been contacted in the past. This constitutes all wave one respondents as well as wave two respondents who were not interviewed in wave one, and wave three respondents who were not contacted in either waves one or two. The panel element consists of individuals who were contacted in all three waves. Collecting data in this way gives the researcher the ability to conduct both aggregate and individual level analyses. The cross-sectional data are superior to panel data for aggregate level analysis because the data are pure. That is, with cross-sectional data, because respondents are only contacted once, there is no concern that prior contact with respondents has skewed their answers in subsequent waves. In contrast, panel data are superior for individual-level analysis, since the researcher can detect change within an individual who has been asked questions on more than one occasion. Because of these differences, cross-sectional data are used for the aggregate-level analysis and panel data are used for the individual-level analysis. The primary shortcoming of using aggregate data is that the researcher is able only to detect overall changes within a population. However, there may be a number of interactive, mediating, or moderating effects within a population that only individual-level data can flesh out. For example, an overall population may not show any change from one wave to another at an aggregate level. But, within certain types of individuals, a number of changes can be taking place. Perhaps older respondents are increasing their levels of physical activity while younger respondents are decreasing their levels. The end result would again be no detectable change within aggregate data, while much change is in fact taking place. Utilizing both types of data enable us to ascertain these changes. 8

12 SUMMARY OF AGGREGATE DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES Attitudes toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit There was no significant difference regarding how often people over the age of 50 said they believe someone their age needs to exercise to remain fit between the three waves. Likewise, there was no significant difference between waves regarding how many minutes people over 50 thought someone their age should exercise per session. The mean dropped from 35.5 minutes in wave one to 34.7 minutes in wave two and then increased slightly to 34.9 minutes in wave three. Self-Reported Exercising The number of respondents who reported they currently participate in exercise classes dropped significantly from wave one to wave two (from 32% to 25%). It is possible this drop is based on a seasonal change in the South, since the first wave took place in the late spring and the second took place in the middle of the summer. The data for wave three suggest this may be the case, as the number of respondents who reported exercise in wave three was higher than not only wave two, but wave one as well. There was a similar effect in terms of whether respondents had ever participated in exercise (31% in wave one, 25% in wave two, and 31% in wave three). There was no significant difference across the waves in how much respondents reported ing or exercising vigorously, though the percentage who said they exercised moderately dropped between waves one and three (from 3.67 hours per week to 3.14 hours per week). Within ing, while there was a downturn in the number of hours ed per session, a significant linear increase occurred in reported days ing from one wave to the next (2.65 to 2.75 to 2.83 days). Finally, there were no significant differences across the three survey waves regarding the percentage of respondents who said they belonged to ing clubs, or who said they ed with friends, or in the amount of ing they reported in either of these two scenarios. 9

13 Attitudes toward Locations for Walking No significant differences occurred across the three surveys regarding respondents ratings of their neighborhoods or towns as suitable for ing. Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking The percentage of respondents who said they recalled messages designed to increase ing increased across the three surveys, although not significantly (from 41% to 43% to 44%). Among those who said they recalled such messages, there was a significant increase in those who named AARP as the message sponsor (from.3% in wave one to 2.4% in wave three). Step-Counters Step-counter ownership increased from 14% to 18% during the course of the ing program. As similar increase in knowledge of step-counters also occurred (from 31% to 36%). 10

14 SUMMARY OF OVERALL PANEL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WAVES Results of the panel data differ from the cross-sectional data in that they detect differences from wave to wave among those individuals who were interviewed in all waves. There are two primary differences between the panel and cross-sectional population: (1) the panel population has been interviewed at least once, leading to potential memory effects, and (2) the panel population tends to be more educated, white, and higher in socio-economic status, since such individuals tend to be easier to contact by telephone. This section reports overall findings of the panel data and will highlight within-individual differences. Attitudes toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit There were moderately significant decreases in how much respondents said people over the age of 50 should exercise to remain fit. While the number of days respondents said someone needs to exercise decreased only by.06 days, the number of minutes per session decreased by 3.1 minutes. Though statistically significant, these differences are small, considering that the average number of days these respondents reported, overall, was four and one-half days and the number of minutes was 35 minutes. There were significant differences within cities, however, on how often respondents thought someone over age 50 needs to exercise to be fit. In this case, respondents in Richmond and Raleigh (the two control cities) as well as Montgomery decreased the number of days of exercise they thought was important from wave one to wave three (-.02, -.03, and -.03 days, respectively). Respondents in Columbia and Rock, however, increased the number of days of exercise they thought was important (+.18 and +.03). Self-Reported Exercising There were no overall significant changes in panel respondents responses regarding the total time they said they spent in vigorous or moderate exercise, in ing, in ing with friends, in participation in physical exercise, or in their utilization of ing clubs. However, when we look at differences across cities, we see the same pattern with regard to the number of hours per week that should be spent ing or in moderate exercise as was found with the amount of time someone age 50 or older 11

15 needs to exercise to be fit. Respondents in the two control cities as well as in Rock stated less time necessary for ing (-.38, -1.12, and -1.1 hours), while those in Montgomery and Columbia stated more time (+.69 and hours). For moderate exercise, respondents in the two control cities as well as in Columbia stated less time necessary for such exercise (-.79, -.96, and -.15 hours), while respondents in Montgomery and Rock stated more time (+.83 and hours). Attitudes toward Locations for Walking Suitability of one s neighborhood, town, and city for ing significantly changed across the three waves. These differences varied by city, with panel respondents in Columbia showing the largest net positive increase in their ratings and those in Rock and Richmond showing the largest overall average decreases. Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking Perhaps not surprisingly, message recall among panel respondents increased from wave one to wave three (from 45% to 50%). Their knowledge of AARP as the sponsor of such messages also significantly increased from less than one percent in wave one to five percent in wave three. The percentage of panel respondents who said they recalled the message about ing increased in all three experimental sites from wave one to wave three (+15% in Montgomery, +11% in Columbia, and +12% in Rock). Recall decreased among respondents in the two control cities (-1% in Richmond and -16% in Raleigh). Notably, knowledge of the message sponsor increased from wave one to wave three among panel respondents in all the cities, including the controls (+4% in Richmond, +2% in Raleigh, +2% in Montgomery, and +11% in both Columbia and Rock.) 12

16 Step-Counters Knowledge of step-counters increased significantly between waves, with the percentage of panel respondents who were able to name the device increasing from 42% at wave one to 52% at wave three. Ownership of step-counters also increased among panel respondents from wave one to wave three (20% to 21% to 23%). Life Satisfaction and Health Rating Life satisfaction increased significantly among panel respondents, from 3.74 to 3.85 on a five-point scale. Although this is a significant difference, it is substantively negligible. 13

17 SUMMARY OF SPECIFIC DEMOGRAPHIC PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: TWO VARIABLE COMPARISONS We wanted to know whether or not there were changes in respondents responses that varied by demographics. In order to answer this question, difference scores were created by subtracting the wave one score on a particular variable for each individual from their wave three score on that same variable. This creates a difference score where a positive number denotes a positive increase and a negative number denotes a decrease. Attitudes toward Needing to Exercise to Stay Fit There was only one significant demographic difference in regard to respondents attitudes toward the appropriate amount of exercise needed to stay fit. Specifically, there was a change from wave one to wave three on the question of how often adults over 50 have to exercise to stay fit by race, with non-whites increasing the number of days they believe is appropriate and whites decreasing the number of days (+.22 days vs days). Self-Reported Exercising There were no significant demographic differences regarding participation in exercise, in ing with friends, or in participating in ing clubs. The same was true for moderate and vigorous exercise The total number of hours per week of ing differed by race with non-whites increasing the number of hours and whites decreasing the number of hours they reported ing (+.91 vs hours). Attitudes toward Locations for Walking There were no significant demographic differences between waves regarding suitability of neighborhoods and cities for ing. 14

18 Recall of Messages Designed to Increase Walking There were differences noted in terms of message recall by marital status, life satisfaction, education, and race. Specifically, non-married respondents, those who said they were not satisfied with their lives, those with some college or less, and non-whites had significant increases in their recall of the ing messages from wave one to wave three. Step-Counters Step-counter ownership varied by education, self-health rating, and income. Those with some college or less, those who rated their health as excellent or very good, and those with annual household incomes in excess of $75,000 noted an increase in their ownership of step-counters from wave one to wave three. 15

19 SUMMARY OF CAMPAIGN PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: TWO VARIABLE COMPARISONS One of the most important questions underlying this research is whether there is a relationship between respondents recalling hearing, seeing, or reading a message designed to increase ing among the 50+ population and their subsequent behavior. Recall of Messages in Wave Three Results Except for participation in community-based exercise classes, no significant relationships were found between message recall and changes in various healthrelated behaviors. In the case of participation in exercise classes, message recall is positively associated with it, such that those who have high levels of message recall also have high levels of exercise participation. A similar positive increase was found regarding respondents rating of their city for ing. In this case, not surprisingly, those who rated their cities most highly for ing exhibited the highest levels of ing. 16

20 SUMMARY OF CAMPAIGN PANEL STUDY DIFFERENCES ACROSS WAVES: MULTIPLE VARIABLE COMPARISONS With panel data, there are two ways in which change based on a ing or other campaign may be detected. First, the overall change from one wave to another on any measure can be interpreted in part as a change that has occurred because of the change that has occurred in respondents environment, namely, the addition of an advertising campaign for ing. The second method is to use an actual measure of recall of ing advertising and attempt to connect change in this variable with change in other variables. This section will deal with both types of change within multivariate analyses. Self-Reported Exercising Three separate regression analyses were run for vigorous exercise, moderate exercise, and ing (see Appendix A). The only independent variable that helps to predict vigorous exercise is income, such that higher income is associated with a positive increase in vigorous exercise. When considering ing, however, income is negatively associated with ing. There was an increase in moderate exercise in Rock but a decrease in Raleigh. When the dependent variable was ing in clubs or with friends, none of the independent variables helpt to predict this behavior. Likewise, when the dependent variable was participation in exercise classes, none of the independent variables were significant predictors. Attitudes toward Locations for Walking Models on attitudes toward locations for ing were slightly more robust, although the model on suitability for ing in the city was not significant. Neighborhood suitability significantly increased for respondents who have never been married, as well as for respondents who were aware of step-counters. Neighborhood suitability decreased significantly for respondents from Rock, while town suitability improved for those with a high self-health rating and for those residents from Raleigh. 17

21 Step-Counters Two separate regression analyses were run for knowledge and owership of stepcounters. In both cases, the models were not significant. Messages Both the regression equation for recall of the messages designed to increase ing among people 50 and older and the one for knowledge of the message sponsor were highly significant (at the.001 level). For message recall, work status, marital status, and city were significant predictors such that part-time workers, those who were widowed or divorced, and those living in either Montgomery or Rock had higher levels of recall. Residents in Raleigh, however, had lower levels of message recall. As with message recall, residents in Raleigh were less likely to know the message sponsor. For knowledge of the message sponsor, as might be expected, AARP members were more likely to name AARP as the program sponsor, as were small town residents and those residents living in Montgomery and Rock. 18

22 APPENDIX A: ANALYSIS DETAILS The following tables provide complete results from the regression analyses run for wave three of the Five-City Panel Study on Walking. A more detailed description of regression can be found in Appendix A of the companion report, Five-City Panel Study on Walking: Wave One. Table Two Who Changed: Exercising**** Vigorous Exercise Moderate Exercise Walking B SE B SE B SE Age Education Work Full-time Retired Widowed Divorced Never Married * 1.4 Income.02* *.01 Gender (male) Race (white) Large City Small City Suburb Small Town Rural * AARP Membership Life Satisfaction Self-Health Rating Recall Messages Know Pedometers Columbia Montgomery Raleigh * Rock *** N Model Chi-Square * 1.5** R-Square * p <.05; ** p <.01; *** p <.001 ****Hours per week 19

23 Table Two, continued Who Changed: Exercising Walking Clubs/Walking with Friends Participate in Exercise Classes B SE B SE Age Education Work Full-time Retired Widowed Divorced Never Married Income Gender (male) Race (white) Large City Small City Suburb Small Town Rural AARP Membership Life Satisfaction Self-Health Rating Recall Messages Know Pedometers Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Rock N Model Chi-Square R-Square * p <.05; ** p <.01; *** p <

24 Table Three Who Changed: Rating of Location for Walking Neighborhood Town City Suitability B SE B SE B SE B SE Age ** Education Work Full-time Retired Widowed Divorced Never Married.45*** Income * Gender (male) Race (white) Large City Small City Suburb Small Town Rural AARP Membership Life Satisfaction Self-Health Rating * Recall Messages *.08 Know Pedometers.16* Columbia Montgomery Raleigh * Rock -.14* N Model Chi-Square 2.4*** 2.5*** * R-Square * p <.05; ** p <.01; *** p <

25 Table Four Who Changed: Step-Counters Know Step-Counters Own Step-Counters B SE B SE Age Education Work Full-time Retired Widowed *.03 Divorced Never Married Income Gender (male) Race (white) Large City Small City Suburb Small Town Rural AARP Membership Life Satisfaction Self-Health Rating Recall Message Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Rock N Model Chi-Square R-Square * p <.05; ** p <.01; *** p <

26 Table Five Who Changed: Messages Recall Message Know Sponsor B SE Age Education Work Full-time -.016** Retired -.14** Widowed.11* Divorced.19*** Never Married Income Gender (male) Race (white) Large City Small City Suburb Small Town **.03 Rural AARP Membership **.03 Life Satisfaction Self-Health Rating Columbia Montgomery.10**.04.05*.02 Raleigh -.19*** *.02 Rock..08*.04.04*.02 N Model Chi-Square 3.64*** 3.7*** R-Square * p <.05; ** p <.01; *** p <

27 APPENDIX B: ANNOTATED QUESTIONNAIRE This study was conducted by telephone September 13 October 14, 2004 among a nationally representative sample of 1794 adults, age 50 and older in Richmond, VA; Rock, AR; Columbia, SC; Montgomery, AL; and Raleigh, NC. A total of 757 new contacts were completed among the 5 cities 152 in Richmond, VA; 154 in Rock, AR; 149 in Columbia, SC; 151 in Montgomery, AL; and 151 in Raleigh, NC. A total of 1037 were completed in the 5 cities among those previously contacted in waves 1 and/or in Richmond, VA; 206 in Rock, AR; 210 in Columbia, SC; 190 in Montgomery, AL; and 216 in Raleigh, SC. Field work by ICR/International Communications Research of Media, Pa. S1. How many people in your household are (INSERT ITEM)? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Richmond (NET) None * * * * 1 -- * * 6+ * * * * * * -- * Don t know/ 1 1 * 1 1 * 1 -- refused 50+ (NET) * * * * * -- 5 * * * Don t know/ refused

28 D-12.Record Gender Male Female 10/14/ Re-contacts contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Section One: Exercise in General 1. How many days each week do you think a person your age needs to exercise to be healthy? None Don t know Refused 10/14/04 * * Re-contacts * * 2 * contacts * Richmond * 4 * Rock * Columbia * Montgomery Raleigh * * 3 -- (Asked of total who think a person their age needs to exercise to be healthy; n = 1741; Recontact = 1023; contact = 718; Richmond = 353; Rock = 351; Columbia = 346; Montgomery = 334; Raleigh = 357) 2. About how many minutes do you think a person your age should exercise each session? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh 15 minutes or less minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes Don t know Refused

29 1/2. Combo Table 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Person your age should exercise to be healthy 15 minutes or less minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes Person your age should not 1 * 1 * * exercise at all to be healthy Don t know/refused Do you currently participate in physical activity classes or programs that are offered in your community? Yes No Don t know Refused 10/14/ * -- Re-contacts * -- contacts Richmond Rock * -- Columbia Montgomery Raleigh

30 (Asked of total who currently participate in physical activity classes/programs offered in their community; n = 363; Recontact = 195; contact = 168; Richmond = 69; Rock = 83; Columbia = 73; Montgomery = 58; Raleigh = 80) 4. What kinds of physical activity classes or programs do you currently participate in? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleig h Aerobics Baseball Basketball Cycling Dance Golf Hiking * Pilates Running/jogging Soccer * * * Swimming Martial arts Tennis Weight lifting/strength training Yoga Walking/ing program Treadmill Bowling 1 2 * Volleyball Softball * * Water aerobics/swimnastics/ water fitness Spinning Health club/gym/ymca/fitness center/curves/exercise class Exercising/working out/on my own Physical therapy Cardio program/exercises Other sports 1 2 * activities/programs Other recreational * activities/programs Yardwork/gardening Rowing/canoeing * * * 1 * Body recall * * * Circuit training *

31 Exercise 1 2 * machine/equipment Stairmaster/stair * -- * -- * stepper/step climbing Personal trainer Football Military Spa * -- * Racquetball * Other Don t know 1 * Refused * /4. Combo Table Currently participate in physical activity classes/programs offered in the community 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Aerobics Baseball * Basketball * * 1 * 1 * Cycling * Dance 1 1 * * Golf * * * * Hiking * -- * -- * * Pilates * * 1 1 * 1 * 1 Running/jogging Soccer * * * * Swimming Martial arts * 1 * * * * 1 1 Tennis * * * * 1 * * * Weight lifting/strength training Yoga * Walking/ing program Treadmill * 1 * 1 * Bowling * * * * * * Volleyball Softball * * -- * Water aerobics/swimnastics/ water fitness 1 1 * Spinning Health club/gym/ymca/fitness center/curves/exercise class Exercising/working out/on * my own Physical therapy * * * * 28

32 Cardio program/exercises 1 * 1 * * 1 1 * Other sports * * * * activities/programs Other recreational * -- * * activities/programs Yardwork/gardening Rowing/canoeing * * * * * Body recall * * * Circuit training * -- * * Exercise * * * machine/equipment Stair master/stair * -- * -- * stepper/step climbing Personal trainer Cardio program/excercises Football Military Spa * -- * * Racquetball * -- * * Other Do not currently participate in physical activity classes/programs offered in the community Don t know * * 1 -- * Refused (Asked of total who do not currently participate in physical activity classes/programs offered in their community; n = 1428; Recontact = 841; contact = 587; Richmond = 298; Rock = 276; Columbia = 286; Montgomery = 281; Raleigh = 287) 5. Have you ever participated in physical activity classes or programs that are offered in your community? Yes No Don t know Refused 10/14/ * -- Re-contacts * -- contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh

33 (Asked of total who have ever participated in physical activity classes/programs offered in their community; n = 536; Recontact = 321; contact = 215; Richmond = 97; Rock = 94; Columbia = 118; Montgomery = 112; Raleigh = 115) 5a. What kinds of classes or programs were they? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Aerobics Baseball * Basketball Cycling Dance Golf * * * Hiking Pilates Running/jogging * 7 5 Soccer * Swimming Martial arts Tennis Weight lifting/strength training Yoga Walking/ing program Treadmill * 5 2 Bowling Volleyball Softball 1 1 * Water aerobics/swimnastics/ water fitness Spinning Health club/gym/ymca/fitness center/curves/exercise class Exercising/working out/on my own Physical therapy Cardio program/exercises * Other sports * * * 1 activities/programs Other recreational activities/programs Yardwork/gardening * * * Rowing/canoeing Body recall Circuit training Exercise * machine/equipment Stairmaster/stair stepper/step climbing

34 Personal trainer * * 1 -- Football * -- * -- * Military 1 * Spa Racquetball 1 1 * Other Don t know Refused /5/5a. Combo Table Currently participate in physical activity classes/programs offered in the community Do not currently participate in physical activity classes/programs that are offered in the community Ever participated in physical activity classes/programs offered in the communtiy 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Aerobics Baseball * -- * * Basketball * Cycling 1 1 * * Dance Golf * * * -- * * Hiking * * -- Pilates * Running/jogging * 1 * 2 1 Soccer * * * -- * Swimming Martial arts * 1 * Tennis * 1 * 1 1 Weight lifting/strength training Yoga * Walking/ing Program Treadmill * 1 * Bowling * * * * 1 Volleyball * * * * * 1 Softball * * * * -- * * * Water aerobics/ swimnastics/ water fitness * -- * Spinning

35 Health club/ gym/ YMCA/ fitness center/curves/ exercise class Exercising/ * working out/ on my own Physical therapy * * Cardio program/ * * Exercises Other sports * * * -- * * * * activities/ programs Other recreational activities/ programs Yardwork/ * * -- * -- * gardening Rowing/canoeing Body recall Circuit training Exercise * 1 * * * * * 1 machine/ equipment Stairmaster/stair stepper/step climbing Personal trainer * -- * * * -- Football * -- * -- * Military * * * * * Spa * * 1 * -- * * 1 Racquetball * * * * * Other * Never participated in physical activity classes/ programs offered in the community Don t know * * 1 -- * Refused

36 Section 2: Kinds of Physical Activities (based on International Physical Activity Questionnaire) 6. How many days in the last week did you do vigorous physical activities like heavy lifting, digging, aerobics, or fast bicycling? (Asked of total who have done any vigorous physical activities in the last week; n = 1158; Recontact = 684; contact = 474; Richmond = 213; Rock = 242; Columbia = 228; Montgomery = 226; Raleigh = 249) 6a. How much time did you usually spend doing vigorous physical activities on (one of those days/that day)? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh No vigorous physical activities 1 day per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week Don t know 1 1 * * Refused /14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Hours per day Minutes per day <10 minutes * * Don t know * 1 1 * Refused

37 6/6a. Combo Table 7. How many days in the last week did you do moderate physical activities like carrying light loads, bicycling at a regular pace, or doubles tennis? Do not include ing. 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Did vigorous physical activities in the last week Hours per day * Minutes per day <10 minutes * * * * -- * * 1 * Did not do vigorous physical activities in the last week /14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh No moderate physical activities 1 day per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week Don t know * 1 Refused

38 (Asked of total who have done any moderate physical activities in the last week; n = 1155; Recontact = 698; contact = 457; Richmond = 233; Rock = 239; Columbia = 212; Montgomery = 224; Raleigh = 247) 7a. How much time did you usually spend doing moderate physical activities on (one of those days/that day)? 7/7a. Combo Table 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Hours per day * Minutes per day <10 minutes * 2 * * 1 1 * * Don t know Refused /14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Did moderate physical activities in the last week Hours per day * * Minutes per day <10 minutes * 1 * * * * * * * Did not do moderate physical activities in the last week

39 8. How many days in the last week did you for at least (READ ITEMS) at a time? b. 30 minutes a. 10 minutes 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh No ing day per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week Don t know * * * 1 * 1 * * Refused /14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh No ing day per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week days per week Don t know * -- Refused * * * * -- *

40 (Asked of total who have done any ing for at least 10 minutes in the last week; n = 1545; Recontact = 901; contact = 644; Richmond = 308; Rock = 305; Columbia = 313; Montgomery = 294; Raleigh = 325) 8a. How much time did you usually spend ing on a typical day? 8a/8aa. Combo Table 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Hours per day Minutes per day <10 minutes Don t know Refused * -- * /14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Walked for at least minutes in the last week Hours per day Minutes per day <10 minutes Walked for at least minutes in the last week Did not for at least 10 minutes in the last week

41 8b. Do you belong to any ing clubs in your local community? Yes No Don t know Refused 10/14/ Re-contacts contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh (Asked of total who belong to any ing clubs in their local community; n = 43; Recontact = 22; contact = 21; Richmond = 5; Rock = 9; Columbia = 7; Montgomery = 10; Raleigh = 12) 8c. How many days in the past week or month did you participate in ing specifically organized by your ing club? 10/14/04 Recontacts Contacts Richmond Rock Columbia Montgomery Raleigh Days per week (NET) Days per month (NET) Less than once a month Don t know Refused