U.S. History. Chapter 5 Changes on the Western Front 5-1 Cultures Clash on the Prairie

Transcription

1 U.S. History Chapter 5 Changes on the Western Front 5-1 Cultures Clash on the Prairie

2 CA Standards: Cultural Clashes on the Prairie Examine the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and of the industrial revolution, including demographic shifts and the emergence in the late 19 th century of the United States as a world power Objectives: Contrast the cultures of Native Americans and white settler and explain why white settlers moved west. Identify restrictions imposed by the government on Native Americans and describe the consequences. Identify the government s policy of assimilation as well as continuing conflicts between Native Americans and settlers. Trace the development of the cattle industry. Describe both the myth and reality of the American cowboy and explain the end of the open range.

3 Homework Write definition of Terms & Names found on page 214 of textbook or page 59 in workbook. Read pages The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21 st Century Prepare for Open notebook Quiz

4 Cultures Clash on the Prairie Terms & Names page 202 in textbook or 57 in workbook Great Plains Dawes Act Treaty of Fort Laramie Sitting Bull George A. Cluster Assimilation Battle of Wounded Knee Longhorn Chisholm Trail Long Drive

5 Notes: 5-1 Cultures Clash on the Prairie Main Idea The cattle industry boomed in the late 1800s, as the culture of the Plains Indians declined.

6 Notes: 5-1 Cultures Clash on the Prairie Why It Matters Now Today, ranchers and Plains Indians work to preserve their cultural traditions.

7 The Culture of the Plains Indians Life on the Plains Great Plains grasslands in west central portion of the U.S. In the East Hunting & Farming villages In the West Nomadic hunting & Gathering

8 The Horse and the Buffalo By mid 1700s Horses & Guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life Trespassing on others hunting land was cause for war Counting coup created status Buffalo provides many basic needs: Hides used for teepees, clothes and blankets Meat used for jerky and pemmican

9 Family Life Family groups form ties to other bands that speak same language Men are hunters & warriors Women butcher meat and prepare hides They believe in powerful spirits that control natural world (men & women can become shamans). Children learn through myths, stories, games, and by example Communal life; leaders rule by counsel

10 Settlers Push Westward Clash of Cultures Native Americans: Land cannot be owned Settlers: They want to own land They think natives forfeited land because they did not improve it Migrants go west to claim land they consider unsettled

11 The Lure of Silver and Gold 1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousands west Mining camps, and tiny frontier towns have filthy ramshackle dwellings Fortune seekers (mostly men) were of different cultures and races

12 The Government Restricts Native Americans Railroads Influence Government Policy 1834 Government designates Great Plains as one huge reservation 1850s Treaties define specific boundaries for each tribe Massacre at Sand Creek Troops kill over 150 Cheyenne & Arapaho at Sand Creek winter camp

13 Death on the Bozeman Trail Bozeman Trail crosses Sioux hunting grounds Red Cloud asks for end of settlements Crazy Horse ambushes troops Treaty of Fort U.S. closes trail; Sioux to reservation Sitting Bull, leader of Hunkpapa Sioux, does not sign treaty

14 Bloody Battles Continue Red River War 1868 Kiowa & Comanche engage in 6 years of raiding U.S. Army crushes resistance on Plains in Red River War Gold Rush 1874 Colonel George A. Custer sparks a gold rush by reporting that the Black Hills had gold from the grass roots down.

15 Custer s Last Stand 1876 Sitting Bull has vision of war at sun dance Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, and Gall crush Custer s troops By late 1876 Sioux are defeated. Some take refuge in Canada Native Americans starving Sitting Bull surrenders

16 The Government Supports Assimilation The Dawes Act 1881 Helen Hunt Jackson exposes the government s many broken promises in her book A Century of Dishonor. Assimilation Natives to give up their way of life and join white culture 1887 Dawes Act to Americanize natives, break up reservations Gives land to individual Native Americans Sell remainder of land to settlers Money for farm implements for natives In the end Native Americans receive on one-third of land and no money

17 The Destruction of the Buffalo Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life Tourists & fur traders shot buffaloes for sport Buffalo population destroyed

18 The Battle of Wounded Knee Wounded Knee Ghost Dance A ritual to regain lands Spreads among Sioux on Dakota reservation December 1890 Sitting Bull is killed when police try to arrest him 7 th Calvary takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek Battle of Wounded Knee Calvary killed 300 unarmed Native Americans Battle ends Indian wars

19 Cattle Become Big Business Vaqueros and Cowboys American settlers learn to manage large herds from Mexican vaqueros Adopt way of life, clothing, and vocabulary Texas Longhorns sturdy, short-tempered cattle brought by the Spanish Cowboys not in demand until railroads reach Great Plains

20 Growing Demand for Beef After Civil War demand for meat increases in rapidly growing cities The Cow Town Cattlemen establish shipping yards where trails and rail lines meet Chisholm Trail becomes major cattle route from San Antonio to Kansas

21 A Day in the Life of a Cowboy A Day s Work up to 55,000 cowboys on plains 25% African American, 12% Mexican Cowboy works hours on ranch; 14 or more on trail Expert rider & roper, Cowboys stayed alert for dangers that may harm or upset cattle

22 Roundup During spring roundup, longhorns were found and herded into corrals Cattle were marked with own ranch s brand to prove ownership The Long Drive Herding of animals or long drive lasts about 3 months Cowboy in saddle dawn to dusk; sleeps on ground; bathes in rivers Legends of the West Celebrities like Wild Bill Hickok & Calamity Jane never handled cows

23 The End of the Open Range Changes in Ranching Overgrazing & bad weather from 1883 to 1887 destroyed whole herds Ranchers keep smaller herds that yield more meat per animal Lands became fenced with barbed wire Open range turned into separate ranches

24 Workbook: 5-1 Guided Reading Cultures Clash on the Prairie Read Pages 57 & 58 Reading Study Guide

25 Notes: 5-1Guided Reading 1. What were the responsibilities of the different members of Indian families? The men hunted for food. The women prepared the food and hides. The children practiced the skills they would need as adults.

26 Notes: 5-1 Guided Reading 2. What were the reasons for the clashes between the U.S. government and the Sioux? The Native Americans and the white settlers clashed mainly over land and resources. The U.S. government sided with the white settlers.

27 Notes: 5-1 Guided Reading 3. What were two reasons why assimilation failed? The assimilation plan called for making the Native Americans farmers. The Native Americans, however, were cheated out of the best lands and as a result had little success in farming. By 1900 nearly all the buffaloes were killed by the settlers. Native Americans depended on the buffalo for their food, clothing, and shelter.

28 Notes: 5-1 Guided Reading 4. What two factors helped the cattle business to grow? Growing cities spurred the demand for beef The railroad allowed cattle ranchers to drive their cattle from San Antonio, Texas to Kansas and ship the cattle the rest of the way by train. After the Civil War many soldier looking for work went into the cattle ranching business.

29 Be prepared for open notebook quiz