Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors

Transcription

1 Assumption College English Program Mr. Stephen Dobosh s EP- M 4 P h y s i c s C l a s s w o r k / H o m e w o r k P a c k e t Chapter 3: Two-Dimensional Motion and Vectors Section 1: Introduction to Vectors Section 2: Vector Operations Section 3: Projectile Motion Section 4: Relative Motion Student s Name.... EP-M./. ID #.. Register # Much of the material within this packet is drawn from the course textbook Holt Physics that each of you have purchased. This content is copyrighted 2012 by Holt McDougal, a division of Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without prior written permission of the copyright owner.

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3 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 3 of 30 Chapter 3.1: Introduction to Vectors (pp ) Formative Assessment 3.1, p. 83 #1-5 Due: 1. Which of the following quantities are scalars, and which are vectors? a. the acceleration of a plane as it takes off b. the number of passengers on the plane c. the duration of the flight d. the displacement of the flight e. the amount of fuel required for the flight 2. A roller coaster moves 85 m horizontally, then travels 45 m at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. What is its displacement from its starting point? Use graphical techniques. (Make an estimation!) 3. A novice pilot sets a plane s controls, thinking the plane will fly at km/h to the north. If the wind blows at 75 km/h toward the southeast, what is the plane s resultant velocity? Use graphical techniques. (Make an estimation!)

4 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 4 of While flying over the Grand Canyon, the pilot slows the plane down to one-half the velocity in item 3. If the wind s velocity is still 75 km/h toward the southeast, what will the plane s new resultant velocity be? Use graphical techniques. (Make an estimation!) 5. Critical Thinking The water used in many fountains is recycled. For instance, a single water particle in a fountain travels through an 85 m system and then returns to the same point. What is the displacement of this water particle during one cycle?

5 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 5 of 30 Chapter 3.2: Vector Operations (pp ) Practice A, pp #1-4 Finding Resultant Magnitude and Direction Due: 1. A truck driver is attempting to deliver some furniture. First, he travels 8 km east, and then he turns around and travels 3 km west. Finally, he turns again and travels 12 km east to his destination. a. What distance has the driver traveled? b. What is the driver s total displacement? 2. While following the directions on a treasure map, a pirate walks 45.0 m north and then turns and walks 7.5 m east. What single straight-line displacement could the pirate have taken to reach the treasure?

6 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 6 of Emily passes a soccer ball 6.0 m directly across the field to Kara. Kara then kicks the ball 14.5 m directly down the field to Luisa. What is the ball s total displacement as it travels between Emily and Luisa? 4. A hummingbird, 3.4 m above the ground, flies 1.2 m along a straight path. Upon spotting a flower below, the hummingbird drops directly downward 1.4 m to hover in front of the flower. What is the hummingbird s total displacement?

7 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 7 of 30 Chapter 3.2: Vector Operations (pp ) Practice B, pp #1-4 Resolving Vectors Due: 1. How fast must a truck travel to stay beneath an airplane that is moving 105 km/h at an angle of 25 to the ground? 2. What is the magnitude of the vertical component of the velocity of the plane in item 1?

8 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 8 of A truck drives up a hill with a 15 incline. If the truck has a constant speed of 22 m/s, what are the horizontal and vertical components of the truck s velocity? 4. What are the horizontal and vertical components of a cat s displacement when the cat has climbed 5 m directly up a tree?

9 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 9 of 30 Chapter 3.2: Vector Operations (pp ) Practice C, pp #1-4 Adding Vectors Algebraically Due: 1. A football player runs directly down the field for 35 m before turning to the right at an angle of 25 from his original direction and running an additional 15 m before getting tackled. What is the magnitude and direction of the runner s total displacement? 2. A plane travels 2.5 km at an angle of 35 to the ground and then changes direction and travels 5.2 km at an angle of 22 to the ground. What is the magnitude and direction of the plane s total displacement?

10 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 10 of During a rodeo, a clown runs 8.0 m north, turns 55 north of east, and runs 3.5 m. Then, after waiting for the bull to come near, the clown turns due east and runs 5.0 m to exit the arena. What is the clown s total displacement? 4. An airplane flying parallel to the ground undergoes two consecutive displacements. The first is 75 km 30.0 west of north, and the second is 155 km 60.0 east of north. What is the total displacement of the airplane?

11 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 11 of 30 Chapter 3.2: Vector Operations (pp ) Formative Assessment 3.2, p. 92 Due: 1. Identify a convenient coordinate system for analyzing each of the following situations: (Draw and label an appropriate coordinate system for each. Name the viewpoint.) a. a dog walking along a sidewalk b. an acrobat walking along a high wire c. a submarine submerging at an angle of 30 to the horizontal 2. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant velocity vector for the following perpendicular velocities: a. a fish swimming at 3.0 m/s relative to the water across a river that moves at 5.0 m/s

12 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 12 of 30 b. a surfer traveling at 1.0 m/s relative to the water across a wave that is traveling at 6.0 m/s 3. Find the vector components along the directions noted in parentheses. a. a car displaced 45 north of east by 10.0 km (north and east) b. a duck accelerating away from a hunter at 2.0 m/s 2 at an angle of 35 to the ground (horizontal and vertical) 4. Critical Thinking Why do nonperpendicular vectors need to be resolved into components before you can add the vectors together?

13 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 13 of 30 Chapter 3.3: Projectile Motion (pp ) Practice D, pp #1-4 Projectiles Launched Horizontally Due: 1. A baseball rolls off a 0.70 m high desk and strikes the floor 0.25 m away from the base of the desk. How fast was the ball rolling? 2. A cat chases a mouse across a 1.0 m high table. The mouse steps out of the way, and the cat slides off the table and strikes the floor 2.2 m from the edge of the table. When the cat slid off the table, what was its speed?

14 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 14 of A pelican flying along a horizontal path drops a fish from a height of 5.4 m. The fish travels 8.0 m horizontally before it hits the water below. What is the pelican s speed? 4. If the pelican in item 3 was traveling at the same speed but was only 2.7 m above the water, how far would the fish travel horizontally before hitting the water below?

15 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 15 of 30 Chapter 3.3: Projectile Motion (pp ) Practice E, pp #1-4 Projectiles Launched at an Angle Due: 1. In a scene in an action movie, a stuntman jumps from the top of one building to the top of another building 4.0 m away. After a running start, he leaps at a velocity of 5.0 m/s at an angle of 15 with respect to the flat roof. Will he make it to the other roof, which is 2.5 m shorter than the building he jumps from? 2. A golfer hits a golf ball at an angle of 25.0 to the ground. If the golf ball covers a horizontal distance of m, what is the ball s maximum height? (Hint: At the top of its flight, the ball s vertical velocity component will be zero.)

16 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 16 of A baseball is thrown at an angle of 25 relative to the ground at a speed of 23.0 m/s. If the ball was caught 42.0 m from the thrower, how long was it in the air? How high did the ball travel before being caught? 4. Salmon often jump waterfalls to reach their breeding grounds. One salmon starts 2.00 m from a waterfall that is 0.55 m tall and jumps at an angle of 32.0.What must be the salmon s minimum speed to reach the waterfall?

17 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 17 of 30 Chapter 3.3: Projectile Motion (pp ) Formative Assessment 3.3, p. 99 #1-3 Due: 1. Which of the following exhibit parabolic motion? a. a flat rock skipping across the surface of a lake b. a three-point shot in basketball c. the space shuttle while orbiting Earth d. a ball bouncing across a room e. a life preserver dropped from a stationary helicopter 2. During a thunderstorm, a tornado lifts a car to a height of 125 m above the ground. Increasing in strength, the tornado flings the car horizontally with a speed of 90.0 m/s. How long does the car take to reach the ground? How far horizontally does the car travel before hitting the ground?

18 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 18 of Interpreting Graphics An Alaskan rescue plane drops a package of emergency rations to a stranded party of explorers, as illustrated in Figure 18 (2012 ed., Figure 3.6). The plane is traveling horizontally at 30.0 m/s at a height of m above the ground. a. What horizontal distance does the package fall before landing? b. Find the velocity of the package just before it hits the ground.

19 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 19 of 30 Chapter 3.4: Relative Motion (pp ) Practice F, pp #1-4 Relative Velocity Due: 1. A passenger at the rear of a train traveling at 15 m/s relative to Earth throws a baseball with a speed of 15 m/s in the direction opposite the motion of the train. What is the velocity of the baseball relative to Earth as it leaves the thrower s hand? 2. A spy runs from the front to the back of an aircraft carrier at a velocity of 3.5 m/s. If the aircraft carrier is moving forward at 18.0 m/s, how fast does the spy appear to be running when viewed by an observer on a nearby stationary submarine?

20 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 20 of A ferry is crossing a river. If the ferry is headed due north with a speed of 2.5 m/s relative to the water and the river s velocity is 3.0 m/s to the east, what will the boat s velocity relative to Earth be? (Hint: Remember to include the direction in describing the velocity.) 4. A pet-store supply truck moves at 25.0 m/s north along a highway. Inside, a dog moves at 1.75 m/s at an angle of 35.0 east of north. What is the velocity of the dog relative to the road?

21 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 21 of 30 Chapter 3.4: Relative Motion (pp ) Formative Assessment 3.4, p. 103 #1-3 Due: 1. A woman on a 10-speed bicycle travels at 9 m/s relative to the ground as she passes a little boy on a tricycle going in the opposite direction. If the boy is traveling at 1 m/s relative to the ground, how fast does the boy appear to be moving relative to the woman? 2. A girl at an airport rolls a ball north on a moving walkway that moves east. If the ball s speed with respect to the walkway is 0.15 m/s and the walkway moves at a speed of 1.50 m/s, what is the velocity of the ball relative to the ground? 3. Critical Thinking Describe the motion of the following objects if they are observed from the stated frames of reference: a. a person standing on a platform viewed from a train traveling north b. a train traveling north viewed by a person standing on a platform c. a ball dropped by a boy walking at a speed of 1 m/s viewed by the boy d. a ball dropped by a boy walking 1 m/s as seen by a nearby viewer who is stationary

22 Mr. Stephen Dobosh Page 22 of 30 Chapter 3 Review (pp )

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