California Current Forage Fishes (Ranked by Biomass of the Group)

Transcription

1 California Current Forage Fishes (Ranked by iomass of the Group) Meso- and bathypelagic fishes - Many short-lived species (lanternfishes, deepsea smelts) Coastal pelagic and migratory fishes -7 mod-lived (sardine, herring, anchovy, mackerels, saury, hake) enthic fishes: (larvae and juveniles) - Many long-lived species (flatfishes, rockfishes, sablefish) Littoral fishes (ELH and adults of some species) - Many short and mod-lived species (smelts, surfperch, croakers, tidepool fishes),

2 iomass (MMT) of Dominant California Current Exploited Fishes Pacific Mackerel 1+ Hake 3+ Sardine 1+ Anchovy 1+ Millions of Metric Tons

3 Trends in the abundance of groundfish stocks off the west coast 1950 biomass 2.4 million tons 100% 90% ocaccio 80% iomass benthic fishes Chilipepper rockfish 70% English sole Ling cod south Total iomass 60% 50% 40% Pacific Ocean Perch (WA OR) Canary rockfish Arrowtooth Yellowtail rockfish Longspine thornyhead Shortspine thornyhead 30% 20% 10% 0% Widow rockfish Shortbelly rockfish Dover sole Sablefish

4 Time and Space scales QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

5 Annual SST in Northern aja California and in the Gulf of Alaska (30-33N: W) and (52-54N: W) Celsius (Northern aja) Northern aja Gulf of Alaska Celsius (Gulf of Alaska)

6 Monthly SST off San Francisco 38 N Means of the three warmest (1940,58,92) and 3 coldest years (1910,22,75). 17 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SST Celsius Winter Summer p p p 12 p p p 11 p p p p p 10 p

7 Oyashio : West of North Honshu ANNUAL WIND SPEED CU ANNUAL SEA SURFACE TEMPE 1400 OYASHIO E (36-38N : OYASHIO E (36-38N :

8 Summer Sea Level Atmospheric Pressure July July January 2004

9 January Wind Stress N Pac Stress Jan QuickTime and a Photo decompressor are needed to see this picture.

10 January Wind Stress N Pac Stress Jan QuickTime and a Photo decompressor are needed to see this picture.

11 Figure 5. February and August sea surface temperature differences ( minus ) February N Pac SST diff August

12 Figure 2. Magnitude of the winter wind stress vector differences ( minus ; Pa scaled by 10 ). The stress difference field shows a great increase in the North Pacific Current region of the central Pacific and decreases over much of the rest of the North Pacific, showing that the major wind stress change occurred not at subarctic or tropical latitudes, but at mid-latitudes in association with the greatest change in the pressure gradient. The vertical lines define the central Pacific region utilized in later analyses. Winter Wind Stress (differences minus )

13 Mid-Pacific seasonal wind stress means & Winter Spring Summer Fall East Pseudo-Stress East West North Latitude North Latitude North Latitude North Latitude

14 Cartoon 1 : Turbulent mixing Japan Looking East at the West Wind Drift Region 3 TURULENT MIXING (WS ) NORTH Wind Speed SOUTH Lighter mixed layer water Denser thermocline water

15 Cartoon 2 : Ekman Transport Japan Looking East at the West Wind Drift Region 2 EKMAN TRANSPORT (WS ) : DIVERGENCE/CONVERGENCE NORTH Wind Speed Ekman Transport SOUTH Divergence Convergence Lighter mixed layer water Downwelling Upwelling Denser thermocline water

16 Cartoon 3 : Wind Stress Curl DIVERGENCE OF EKMAN TRANSPORT : WIND STRESS CURL NORTH Wind Speed Ekman Transport Curl Driven Transport SOUTH Lighter mixed layer water Downwelling Upwelling Denser thermocline water

17 Cartoon 4 : Combined processes Wind Stress 60N Ekman Transport 50N 40N Curl driven Geostrophic Transport 30N 20N NORTH SOUTH Divergence Convergence Upwelling Downwelling Turbulent Mixing

18 Curl DLE DATA QuickTime and a TIFF (LZW) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

19 Winter SST in mid-pacific N : 13.7 C N : 16.7 C Latitude

20 Correlations between mid-pacific eastward wind stress and coastal SST in North America ( ) P= N 33 N SST aja Calif. Sur SSt Southern Calif. ight San Francisco Strait of Juan de Fuca P= N 48 N North Latitude

21 Upwelling Index Central California Looking South Wind Stress 60N Ekman Transport 50N 40N Curl driven Geostrophic Transport 30N 20N NORTH SOUTH Divergence Convergence Upwelling Downwelling Turbulent Mixing Davidson Current

22 48N Daily upwelling indices (1999) for the region between the Strait of Juan de Fuca and central aja California (cubic meters per 100 meters of coastline) N 42N 39N 36N 33N 30N Upwelling indicies 27N JAN FE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

23 Upwelling and SST patterns off San Francisco (3 yr running means) SST (Celsius) F F F F F F F F F Z Z F ZZ F F F Z F Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z Z F Southward Stress (Pa scaled by 1000 )

24 Satellite Chlorophyll Sep97-Mar04 Means Provided by Cara Wilson : PFEL Chlorophyll 3.0 mg/sq m QCIs AREA Col Mont SC CC Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov MONTH

25 Area of Maximum Volume CalCOFI zooplankton volumes Area of Minimum Volume

26 Subsurface Temperature off Central California Mendelssohn, Schwing and ograd (2003) N 127 W (20 m) O N 127 W (125 m) (c)

27 Sardine Weight-at-age in California Fishery AGE 0 AGE 1 AGE 2 AGE 3 Grams

28 Egg Survey April 2002 Regional harvest guidelines do not protect against local depletion impacting predators at critical life stages*

29 Ecosystem Management QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.