958,934. H. P. MAXIME. SILENT FIREARM, APPLICATION FILED 00T, 28, 1908, Patented May 24, %

Transcription

1 958,934. H. P. MAXIME. SILENT FIREARM, APPLICATION FILED 00T, 28, 1908, Patented May 24, %

2 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE. HIRAMI PERCY MAXIMI, of HARTFORD, CoNNECTICUT, AssEGINoR. To MAXIMI silenyr FIREARMs contpany, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATEoN New JERSEY. SN FRE, E.E. 958,934. Specification Letters Patent, Paterated May 24, 910. Application filed October 28, Serial No. 459,909. To all whom it may concern: i?a view in longitudinal central section a Beit known that I, HIRAM PERCY MAXIM, a citizen the United States, residing in silencing device which embodies the inven tion in its most approved form, a portion the city Hartford, in the State Con the gun barrel to which it is applied bein 5 necticut, have invented certain new and use: ful Improvements in Silent Firearms, also views represented. in elevation and Fig. section 3 represents one detail the 60 which the following is a specification, refer spreaders or devices for compelling the de ence being had to the accompanying draw sired movement the gases, several ings, forming a part here. which spreaders are shown assembled in a 10 This invention relates to devices for less. series in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view similar to 65 ening the noise discharge firearms Fig. 2 but with a spreader different form. the general character the devices shown. Fig. 5 represents detail views in elevation in Letters Patent the United States No. and section one the spreaders shown 916,885, dated March 30, 1909, wherein the in Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a yiew similar to Figs, 2 15 gases, following the projectile, are made to and 4 but with still another form zo dissipate their energy by being given a con- {{????? Fig. 7 represents a detail view in tinuous rotary or whirling movement in a elevation one the spreaders shown in suitable chamber. Continued use devices F? 6. - this character discloses the fact that by The invention is shown in the drawings reason the small angle divergence as adapted for application to small arms, 7.5 the gases as they pass through the silencing but it will be obvious that it is applicable device the projectile is followed, from the also to firearms or guns other kinds. outer extremity the silencing device, by Moreover, while in Fig. 2 the silencer is a pencil or core gases which have not shown as consisting a series twelve been made to dissipate their energy in a single silencing devices or spreaders, which 80 rotary or whirling movement, in the silenc- number has been found in practice to give ing device and therefore occasion some noise satisfactory results with a standard rifle, explosion, which is nevertheless trifli the number such single silencing devices as compared with the noise or spreaders may be greater or smaller ac..30 a firearm without the silencing device. It cording to the degree to which the noise 85 is, therefore, one object the present in discharge is to be lessened and according to vention to prevent the escape such pencil the character the firearm to which the or core gases, and in accordance there- silencer is applied. Y with means are provided for deflecting or In the embodiment the invention shown 35 turning out a straight line, following the in Figs. 2 and 3 the drawing there is se- 90 projectile, the gases which ordinarily would cured to the extremity the barrel a the make up such pencil or core. Actual tests gun in any suitable manner, as by screw have shown that such means may take dif- threads, a casing d which is preferably sub-. ferent forms, some which will be de-stantially circular in cross section and 140 scribed herein, particularly that form which, greater or less length as may be required 95. with due regard to cost manufacture and and forms a support and inclosure for the other factors, such as compactness and light- series single silencing devices or spread ness in weight the silencing device, has ers or partitions e by which the gases, which proved to be highly satisfactory. escape at the muzzle the barrel a, are 45 Another object is to further promote the compelled to acquire, within successive cells 100 rotary or whirling movement the gases or chambers formed by the spreaders or and incidentally to enable the silencing de-partitions e, a continuois rotary or whirl vice to be applied evento, a sporting rifle ing movement about the axis the casing. without requiring the front sight such The action these devices is similar to that 50 rifle to be disturbed. the devices shown in Fig. 2 the above 105 In the accompanying drawings in which mentioned Patent No. 916,885, but they em. different embodiments the invention are body means by which the core or pencil illustrated, Figure 1 is a view in side eleva gases which, in the use such old form. tion with the an improved ordinary silencing sporting device. rifle equipped Fig. 2 construction, is found to follow the projec 55 a tile without being caused to dissipate its l10

3 s g energy in rota movement, is deflected or ing in the path the projectile. Further broken up or estroyed so that the entire more, since the opening e' is eccentric, in body the gases explosion is made to stead being co-axial with the silencing de dissipate its energy in such rotary move yice, the pencil or core gases thus de ment. The means by which such result is flected or forced to one side is made to im 7 accomplished will presently be described.? upon the surface the next silencing It will be observed that each single silencing evice in a direction approaching the tan device or spreader e is generally circular or gential, and the gases are therefore caused annular with reference to the axis the to have a movement rotation in contact O shell or casing d, and is spiral or conchoidal with the annular spreader about the axis 75 in cross section, as in the construction shown the spreader. The rotary movement the in Fig. 2 said Patet No. 916,885. The gases about the annular axis is therefore narrow openinge through the silencing de modified, so that, in addition to such rotary vice is in part directed toward the breech movement about an annular axis, the gases 5 the firearm so that some the gases are made to rotate about the axis the 80 which follow the projectile from the muzzle spreader and the shell or casing, acquiring the firearm, as they expand or diverge, thus a compound whirling or rotary move are directed, by the guiding surface pre ment in which the energy the gases is sented by a portion the wall about the much more quickly and effectively dissi opening eº, into the annular conchoidal por ated than by either movement alone. tion the single silencing device, so that oreover, the leecentricity the opening 85 the body gas within such single silencing for the projectile through each single silenc device has a continuous whirling or rotary ing device permits the silencer as a whole, movement about a substantially circular or comprising the single silencing devices and annular line or axis, whereby, under the the supporting shell or casing, to be dis 90 centrifugal action developed by such rotary posed eccentrically with respect to the axis movement, the gases are caused to dissipate the bore the barrel to which it is ap their energy infriction against the wall plied and, the '' diameter the ec the silencing device, as fully described in centricity being below the axis the gun 30 said application. In the present case, how barrel, the projection the silencer above ever, the openinge', instead being co the axis the gun barrel is so small as to 95 axial with the shell d. and with the single permit the front sight on the gun barrel to silencing device itself, is eccentric with remain undisturbed, so that the silencer can respect to the shell and the single silenc be applied, evento a sporting rifle, without 35 ing device, and moreover, the other wise requiring any adjustment either front or true frusto-conical portion the silenc rear sight to be made. The main function ing device immediately about the open the eccentricity the opening, however, as inge', is deformed in part, as at e, being already explained, is as a means promot inclined forwardly, in the direction move ing the rotary or whirling movement the 40 ment the projectile, instead rear. gases by which their energy is dissipated wardly. Such the gases which follow the and assisting in deflecting, breaking up projectile as strike the frusto-conical portion or destroying the core or pencil gases the single silencing device or spreader which would otherwise follow the projectile, are directed into the annular cham I, as 45 before, and have therein a continuous ro complished this latter result, by means however, deflecting being mainly surfaces ac tary or whirling movement about an annu which cause a portion the gases to collide lar axis, except so far as such movement is with another portion there. modified in each successive single silencing Another form the silencer in which the device as hereinafter described. Such the opening for the passage the projectile 50 es, however, as impinge upon the de through the successive single silencing de ormed or forwardly inclined portion e, vices or spreaders is eccentric and in which about the opening for the passage the the gases are deflected so as to turn aside or projectile, are deflected toward the axis break up or destroy the core or pencil the path the projectile and the particles gases, which would otherwise follow the 55 the gas so deflected are thereby caused to projectile, is shown in Figs. 4 and 5. The collide with the particles gas which make mode action this form device is up the core or pencil gases which would substantially the same as that already de otherwise follow the projectile through such scribed except that the movement rota?????????????? By such collision the particles tion the gases, by, which their energy is gas such pencil or core gases, which dissipated, is about the longitudinal axis would otherwise follow the projectile, is the silencer and is not about an annular itself deflected or forced to one side and is axis. In this construction the shell or cas thereby made to enter or to impinge upon ing d supports a series substantially flat the next single silencing device and to dis plates or disks h which have each an open 65 sipate its energy therein instead follow ing h for the passage the projectile, such

4 4 opening being eccentric, as already de scribed, and have each, adjacent to such ec opening for the passage the projectile, centric opening h", a deflecting surface h means whereby the gases are made to acquire by which the gases which impinge thereon a continuous rotary or whirling movement 5 are deflected and made to collide with the about a stationary axis in said chamber and gases which would otherwise follow the pro to dissipate their energy thereby, and means jectile in the same straight line and there whereby the core or pencil gases follow by to deflect or break up or destroy such ing the projectile through such opening is core or pencil gases and direct the gases direction. deflected from movement in a longitudinal 0. cessive somewhat silencing tangentially chamber into, wherein the next they suc are 2. A silencing device for firearms com made to acquire a rotary movement about prising a chamber adapted to communicate the longitudinal axis the silencer and to with the bore the firearm and having an dissipate their energy. The single silencing opening for the passage the projectile, devices or spreaders h may be spaced apart means whereby the gases are made to acquire by suitable spacing sleeves hi. a continuous rotary or whirling movement Still another form silencer in which about a stationary axis in said chamber and means for deflecting or breaking up or de to dissipate their energy therein, and a de stroying the core or pencil gases which flecting surface adjacent to said opening by would otherwise follow the projectile are which the gases which impinge on said de provided, but in which the eccentricity flecting surface are made to collide with the the opening for the projectile is not a feature gases which pass directly through said is shown in Figs. 6 and 7. The shell or cas opening and thereby deflect and break up ing disupports and incloses a series single the core or pencil gases tending to foll silencing devices or spreaders i, each low the projectile through the opening. which has an opening i' (co-axial with the 3. A silencing device for firearms compris shell or casing) for the passage the pro ing a chamber adapted to communicate with... jectile. About the????????????? i' each silencing the bore the firearm, said chamber having device or spreader is dished e forwardly or an opening for the passage the projectile provided with forwardly or inwardly in which is eccentrically disposed and a deflect clined deflecting surfaces i, and is also ing surface adjacent to said opening to cause provided, about the opening i", with sub the gases which impinge upon the same to stantially tangential blades or vanes i. through collide, with the opening. the gases which pass directly???? These tangential blades or vanes constitute the means by which the gases are caused to 4. A silencing device for firearms compris acquire the desired rotary or whirling move ing an annular chamber substantially con ment about the longitudinal axis the si choidal in cross section and having an o - lencer in the succeeding chamber and the ing for the passage the projectile and hav defecting surfaces iº by deflecting some por ing its mouth about said opening directed to tions the gases and causing them to col ward the breech the firearm in opposition Iide with the pencil or core gases which to the direction movement the projec would otherwise follow the projectile, con tile but with a portion there deformed to stitute means for deflecting or breaking up constitute a deflecting surface directed in or destroying such core or pencil gases, wardly and forwardly, whereby some the the tangential blades or vanes also coöp gases following the projectile are caused to erating with the deflecting surfaces in pro acquire a-rotary or whirling movement in the ducing this result. chamber about a substantially circular or Obviously other forms devices than annular axis and to dissipate their energy those shown may be employed to deflect or therein and other portions such gases im break up or destroy the core or pencil pinging upon said deflecting surface are di gases which tends to follow the projectile through the silencer. Whateverbe the par through rected against the opening. the gases which pass directly ticular form employed the result is that the 5. A silencing device for firearms compris energy the whole body gases is much ingan annular chamber, substantially con more effectively dissipated within the si choidal in cross section, having an eccentric lencer and the passage gases from the opening for the passage the projectile and silencer under sufficient pressure to cause an having its mouth about said eccentric open undesirable noise as they escape into the ing directed toward the breech the fire surrounding atmosphere is much more effect arm in opposition to the direction move ively prevented than would be the case if ment the projectile and deformed to con no such means were provided. stitute a deflecting surface directed for I claim as my invention: wardly and inwardly, whereby some the 1. A silencing device for firearms com gases are caused to acquire a rotary or whirl prising a chamber adapted to communicate ing movement in the chamber about a sub with the bore the firearm and having an stantially circular or annular axis and other portions the gases are directed by said de 15 SO ( o

5 ,984 flecting surface against the gases which pass spreaders disposed within said support directly through the eccentric opening. ing shell or casing and forming between 6. A silencing device for firearms compris them a succession chambers, each said ing a supporting shell or casing, a series spreaders having an eccentrically disposed spreaders disposed in said shell or casing opening for the passage the projectile and and forming a succession chambers, each a deflecting surface adjacent to said openi said spreaders having an opening for the whereby the gases which impinge upon? passage the projectile, means whereby the??????????? gases are made to acquire a continuous ro gases fo owing surface the are projectile directed through against said the tary or whirling movement about a station opening. ary axis in each said chambers to dissipate 9. A silencing device for firearms compris their energy thereby, and means whereby the core or pencil gases following the pro ing spreaders a supporting disposed shell within or casing said and supporting a series jectile through such opening in each spreader shell or casing and forming a succession is deflected from movement in a longitudinal chambers, each said spreaders forming an annular cell substantially conchoidal in cross direction. 7. A silencing device for firearms compris section and having an opening eccentrically ing a supporting shell or casing, a series disposed for the passage the projectile spreaders disposed within said shell or cas with a deflecting surface adjacent to said ing and forming a succession chambers, opening whereby the gases which impinge each the passage said??????? the projectile having and an opening a deflecting for upon said deflecting surface are directed against the gases following the projectile????????? adjacent to said opening whereby through said opening. portions the gases are directed by said de This specification signed and witnessed this flecting surface against other portions the 27th day October, A. D gases following the projectile through said opening. Signed in the presence - 8. A silencing device for firearms compris HELEN. P. CHAPMAN, ing a supporting shell or casing and a series Jose.PHINE. H. MAXIM