R3 Safety and Rescue. Rescue 3 Europe Instructor Update SPECIALIST TRAINING SOLUTIONS. Search Content Review 2013 R3SAR

Transcription

1 R3 Safety and Rescue Rescue 3 Europe Instructor Update Search Content Review 2015

2 Locate L. A. S. T.

3 New Content in Manual Drivers Continue to align syllabus with best practice Several significant water related searches Defined Curriculum with learning outcomes Evidence base for our practice

4 SRT Curriculum Identify Appropriate Search Models - Koester s Bike Wheel State what tasks an individual trained at this level would carry our during a river based primary search. State what tasks an individual trained at this level would carry our during a river based secondary search. State what tasks an individual trained at this level would carry our during a river based flood-based secondary search. Body Recovery Considerations

5 Containment or defining the search area Theoretical reasoning How far in theory could the missing Subject have travelled? Statistical reasoning The use of Lost Person Behaviour data

6 Definitions Initial Planning Point (IPP) The location from which we start Primary Search Secondary Search

7 Koester s Bike Wheel Analogy Primary tasking Axle - Initial Planning Point (IPP) Hub area immediately around the IPP (often nominally described as the 300m ring Spokes Linear features to be searched by primary teams Rim the containment of the search area Reflectors Areas worth checking out

8 Wheel Segment

9 Reflectors Large eddies Strainers Hydraulics

10 Databases of Behaviour Lost Person Behaviour UK Missing Person Study Grampian Missing Persons

11 Robert Koester 40 databases 34 categories of missing people Behavioural profile for each category of person Possible scenarios

12 Lost Person Behaviour Table taken from Robert Koester s Lost Person Behaviour. Category Child aged 1 3

13 Lost Person Behaviour Number of Children found Distance from IPP (Miles)

14 Lost Person Behaviour Percentage of people found River (Normal Flow) 25% No data 2 miles 50% 0.8 mile 12 miles 75% No data 17 miles 95% 8 miles 38 miles River (Flood Stage) Robert Koester Lost Person Behaviour, Water Related data page 282

15 Koester s data 95% subjects found within 8 miles Data skewed towards IPP IPP 0.8 mile 50% 50% 8 miles

16 UK Missing Person Study 15 categories of people Presents scenarios of what may have happened Often rural scenarios

17 UK Missing Person Study Percentage of people Distance from IPP 25% 0.05km 50% 0.2km 75% 1.2km 100% 4.5km UK Missing Person Behaviour Study Water Category

18 Grampian Police Study 9 categories of missing people Scenarios often drawn from urban settings

19 Grampian Police Study Even as little as the bodies fingertips trailing on a stony riverbed, can halt its progress down stream. searchers should initially concentrate their efforts in an area between 100 and 150 meters down stream from the known point of entry

20 Water related database Specific water related data base Distance found from known entry point Details of the Subject Description of the water body Lorna Dennison-Wilkins Sussex Police Specialist Search Unit Live database (circa 100 water related entries) Will go live very soon!

21 Snapshots from Dennsion - Wilkins Study Significant number of cases were located within 1m of the point of entry Approximately half of cases were found within 15m of the point of entry analysis of the data and on-going data collection will bring clarity.

22 Laminar Flow or Turbulent Flow Water moves in two main ways; by laminar flow and by turbulent flow. In laminar flow the water travels in parallel bands; in turbulent flow it moves in pulsations in a variable way. The velocity of water in laminar flow is always low; in turbulent flow it may be low or high. Transportation of Detritus by Moving Water Filip Hjulstrom

23 Laminar Flow A sliding deck of cards. What is happening to the bottom card?

24 Turbulent Flow

25 Sink & Drift Table from IPP Table One Estimated Time to Sink Eight Feet Table Two Distance (ft.) moved during descent for various currents Age Weight( lbs) Chest Cir. (in.) Height Sink Time (sec) Speed (mph) mph mph mph mph mph mph mph Men Women Time (sec) Hunsucker, J. L., & Davison, S. J. (2013). Time required for a drowning victim to reach bottom. Journal of Search and Rescue, 1(1).

26 Hunsucker and Davison Journal of Search and Rescue Vol 1 Issue 1 From the Discussion that body searches should begin in the immediate vicinity of the best estimate of the point the victim was last on the surface.

27 River Conwy Location found Initial Planning Point

28 Conwy Incident Nominal Level Victim wearing street clothing Laminar flow present IPP Searched exhaustively Search area confined to a few hundred metres

29 River Conwy Location found Approximation of point last seen

30 Conwy Incident Spate Level Victim wearing PFD and drysuit Turbulent flow present Victim travelling Reflectors drownedout Search area based upon theoretical distance travelled

31 Summary Consider Setting containment (rim) based on theoretical distance in spate conditions or if the victim is wearing a PFD Setting containment based on statistical distance during laminar flow conditions Always search the IPP regardless of conditions Understanding of hydrology vitally important Use of reflectors, especially in spate conditions Datasets are only as good as the submitted information!

32 R3 Safety and Rescue Contact: R3 Safety &