Air Cylinders Drive System Full Stroke Time & Stroke End Velocity

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Annabel Nichols
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1 Full Time & End Velocity Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder drive system is composed of the As the graph shon belo, various load ratio and full stroke time hich corresponds to stroke and terminal are indicated for every cylinder Piping length 1 m 2 m 3 m.5 MPa Series CJ2, Series CM2, Series CQ2 Series MB, Series CQ2 Series CS1, Series CS2 Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. Full Time & End Velocity Glossary of Terms: Cylinder s Motion Characteristics (1) Piston start-up time It is the time beteen the solenoid valve is energized (de-energized) and the piston (rod) of a cylinder starts traveling. The accurate judgement is done by the start-up of acceleration curve. (2) It is the time beteen the solenoid valve is energized (de-energized) and the piston (rod) of a cylinder is reached at the stroke. (3) 9% force time It is the time beteen the solenoid valve is energized (de-energized) and the cylinder output is reached at 9% of the theoretical output. (4) Mean Values hich devided stroke by full stroke time. In the seuence or diaphragm, it is used as a substituting expression for full stroke time. (5) Max. It is the maximum values of the piston hich occurs during the stroke. In the case of Graph (1), it ill be the same values as stroke. Like Graph (2), hen lurching or stick-slipping occurs, it shos substantially larger values. (6) It is the piston hen the piston (rod) of a cylinder is reached at the stroke. In the case of a cylinder ith adjustable cushion, it says the piston at the cushion entrance. It is used for judging the cushion capability and selecting the buffer mechanism. (7) Impact It is the piston hen the piston (rod) of a cylinder is collided ith the external stopper at the stroke or arbitrary position. (Reference) Balancing : If a cylinder having enough longer stroke is driven by meter-out, the latter half of a stroke ill be in an uniform motion. Regardless of the supply pressure or a load, the piston speed for this time ill be depent only on the effective area S [mm 2 ] of the exhaust circuit and the piston area A [mm 2 ]. Balancing = 1.9 x 1 5 x (S/A) [mm/s] is estimated ith this formula. Note) These definitions are harmonized ith SMC Model Selection Program. (t ) d % d % (L) Graph (1) Piston start-up time Acceleration Graph (2) Piston start-up time Max. speed (u) Acceleration (mm) 9% force time Supply chamber pressure Exhaust chamber pressure 9% force time Exhaust chamber pressure Supply chamber pressure. Time Time Front matter 32 Front matter 33

2 AN12 AN12 -M3 AN12 Full Time & End Velocity Series CJ2/Bore size: 6, 1, 16 TU4 TU4 SY312 SYJ312-M3 VQD1121 SY312 SYJ512 VQZ112 AS121F -4 AS12 AS121F -4 AS % 3% 5% 7% 6 6 7% 1 5% 3% 1% AN12 AN12 Full Time & End Velocity TU4 TU4 Series CM2/Bore size: 2,, 32, 4 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS221F -1-4 AS22-1 AS221F -1-4 AS % 3% 5% 7% 2 2 7% 5% 3% 1% AN12 TU4 SY312 SYJ512 VQZ112 AS121F -4 AS AN11-1 TU64 SY512-1 SX512-1 AS221F -1-6 AS (mm/s) -1 AN11-1 TU64 SY512-1 SX512-1 AS221F -2-6 AS (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at right, various load ratio and full stroke time hich are indicated for every cylinder.5 MPa 1 m Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. (t) d% d% (u) (L) Front matter 34 Front matter 35

3 Full Time & End Velocity Series CQ2/Bore size: 12, 16, 2 AN12 TU4 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS121F -4 AS % 3% 5% 7% % 5% 3% 1% Series CQ2/Bore size:, 32 AN12 TU4 Full Time & End Velocity SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS121F -4 AS % 3% 5% 7% 4 7% 5% 3% 1% AN12 TU4 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS121F -4 AS AN12 TU64 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS221F -1-6 AS AN12 TU4 SY312 SYJ512 VQ116 AS121F -4 AS (mm/s) (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at right, various load ratio and full stroke time hich are indicated for every cylinder.5 MPa 1 m Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. (t) d% d% (u) (L) Front matter 36 Front matter 37

Full Time & End Velocity Series CQ2/Bore size: 4, 5, 63 AN11-1 AN11-1 AN11-1 TU64 TU64 TU85 SY512-1 SY512-1 SY512-1 AS221F -1-6 AS22-1 AS221F -2-6 AS22-2 AS321F -2-8 AS3-2..1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9 1.

1% 3% 5% 7% 1 8 7% 5% 5 3% 1% 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 (mm/s) 1 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at

4 Full Time & End Velocity Series CQ2/Bore size: 4, 5, 63 AN11-1 AN11-1 AN11-1 TU64 TU64 TU85 SY512-1 SY512-1 SY512-1 AS221F -1-6 AS22-1 AS221F -2-6 AS22-2 AS321F -2-8 AS % 3% 5% 7% 1 4 7% 5% 5 3% 1% Series CQ2/Bore size: 8, 1 AN11-1 AN AN3-3 TU165 TU128 Full Time & End Velocity SY712-2 SX712-1 VFS41-3 VFR41-3 AS4-3 AS5-3 AS % 3% 5% 7% 1 8 7% 5% 5 3% 1% (mm/s) (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at right, various load ratio and full stroke time hich are indicated for every cylinder.5 MPa 2 m Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. (t) d% d% (u) (L) Front matter 38 Front matter 39

5 Full Time & End Velocity Series MB/Bore size 32, 4, 5-1 AN AN11-1 TU64 TU64 SY512-1 SX512-1 SY512-1 SX512-1 AS221F -1-6 AS22-1 AS221F -2-6 AS % 3% 5% 7% % 5% 3% 1% Series MB/Bore size: 63, 8, 1 AN11-1 AN AN2-2 Full Time & End Velocity TU165 TU165 SY712-2 SX712-2 VFS31-2 VFR31-2 AS4-3 AS5-2 AS % 3% 5% 7% % 5% 3% 1% AN11-1 TU85 SY512-1 SX512-1 AS321F -2-8 AS AN3-3 TU128 VFS41-3 VFR41-3 AS5-3 AS (mm/s) (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at right, various load ratio and full stroke time hich are indicated for every cylinder.5 MPa 2 m Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. (t) d % d % (u) (L) Front matter 4 Front matter 41

6 -3 AN3-3 Full Time & End Velocity Series CS1, CS2/Bore size: 1, 14, 16 SGP1A VFR31-3 VEX332-3 AS42-2 AS % 3% 5% 7% 8 7% 5% 3% 6 1% 4 2 Series CS1/Bore size: 18, 2,, 3-4 AN4-4 Full Time & End Velocity SGP15A VEX35-4 VP AS % 3% 5% 7% 8 7% 5% 6 3% 1% AN3-3 SGP1A VFR31-3 VEX332-3 AS42-3 AS AN4-4 SGP15A VEX35-4 VP AS AN4-4 SGP1A VFR41-4 VEX332-4 AS AN5-6 SGP2A VEX35-6 VP AS (mm/s) -1 AN6-1 SGP2A VEX35-1 VP AS (mm/s) Ho to Read the Graph This graph shos the full stroke time and stroke hen a cylinder As the graph shon at right, various load ratio and full stroke time hich are indicated for every cylinder.5 MPa 3 m Vertically upard Meter-out, connected ith cylinder ((Load mass x 9.8)/Theoretical output) x 1% When the cylinder bore size is, its stroke is L, and load ratio is d%, full stroke time t is obtainted, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa over the point at hich the ordinate L hits the full stroke line (red line) of d%. Terminal u is obtained, as an arro mark, by reading the value on the abscissa belo the point at hich the ordinate L hits the terminal line (blue line) of d%. (t) d% d% (u) (L) Front matter 42 Front matter 43

7 Solenoid Valves Flo Characteristics (Ho to indicate flo characteristics) 1. Indication of flo characteristics Indication of the flo characteristics in specifications for euipment such as solenoid valve, etc. is deping on Table (1). Table (1) Indication of Flo Characteristics Corresponding euipment Euipment for pneumatics Indication by international standard C, b Other indications S Cv Standards conforming to ISO 6358: 1989 JIS B 839: 2 JIS B 839: 2 Euipment: JIS B 8373, 8374, 8379, 8381 ANSI/(NFPA)T3.21.3: 199 P b P Q = 6 x C (P1 +.1) 1 (2) 1 b t Solenoid Valves Flo Characteristics Q : Air flo rate [dm 3 /min (ANR)], dm 3 (Cubic decimeter) of SI unit are also alloed to described by l (liter). 1 dm 3 = 1 l. C : Sonic conductance [dm 3 /(s bar)] b : Critical pressure ratio [-] P1 : Upstream pressure [MPa] P2 : Donstream pressure [MPa] t : Temperature [ C] Note) Formula of subsonic flo is the elliptic analogous curve. Flo characteristics curve is indicated in Graph (1). For details, make the use of SMC s Energy Saving Program. 2. Euipment for pneumatics 2.1 Indication according to the international standards (1) Standards conforming to ISO 6358: 1989 : Pneumatic fluid poer Components using compressible fluids Determination of flo-rate characteristics JIS B 839: 2 : Pneumatic fluid poer Components using compressible fluids Ho to test flo-rate characteristics (2) Definition of flo characteristics Flo rate characteristics are indicated by the comparison beteen sonic conductance C and critical pressure ratio b. Sonic conductance C : Values hich devide the passing mass flo rate of an euipment in a choked flo condition by the product of the upstream absolute pressure and the density in the standard condition. Critical pressure ratio b : It is the pressure ratio hich ill turn to the choke flo (donstream pressure/upstream pressure) hen it is smaller than this values. (critical pressure ratio) Choked flo : It is the flo hich upstream pressure is higher than the donstream pressure and it is being reached the sonic speed in a certain part of an euipment. Gaseous mass flo rate is in proportion to the upstream pressure, and not depent on the donstream pressure. (choked flo) Subsonic flo : Flo in more than the critical pressure ratio. Standard condition : Air in the state of temperature 2 C, absolute pressure.1 MPa (= 1 kpa = 1 bar), relative humidity 65%. It is stipulated by adding the abbreviation (ANR) after the unit depicting air volume. (standard reference atmosphere) Standard conforming to: ISO 8778: 199 Pneumatic fluid poer Standard reference atmosphere, JIS B 8393: 2: Pneumatic fluid poer Standard reference atmosphere (3) Formula of flo rate It can be indicated by the practical unit as folloing. When P2 +.1 b, choked flo P Q = 6 x C (P1 +.1) (1) t When P2 +.1 > b, subsonic flo P1 +.1 ) Obtain the air flo rate for P1 =.4 [MPa], P 2 =.3 [MPa], t = 2 [ C] hen a solenoid valve is performed in C = 2 [dm 3 /(s bar)] and b =.3. According to formula 1, the maximum flo rate = 6 x 2 x (.4 +.1) x ratio = = Flo rate ratio P1 b = Euipment C, b.4 P Q ratio (P2 +.1) / (P1 +.1) Graph (1) Flo characteristics line 293 = 6 [dm 3 /min (ANR)] Based on Graph (1) it is going to be.7 if it is read by the pressure ratio as.8 and the flo ratio to be b =.3. Hence, flo rate = Max. flo x flo ratio = 6 x.7 = 42 [dm 3 /min (ANR)]..5.6 Front matter 44 Front matter 45

8 Solenoid Valves Flo Characteristics (Ho to indicate flo characteristics) 2.1 Indication by international standards (4) Ho to test By piping the euipment on test ith the test circuit as shon in figure (1), hile maintaining the upstream pressure to a certain value hich does not go don belo.3 MPa, measure the maximum flo rate to be saturated in the first place. Then next, measure this flo at the point of 8%, 6%, 4%, 2% flo and the upstream pressure and donstream pressure. And from this maximum flo rate, figure out the sonic conductance C. Also, substitute the other each data for the subsonic flo formula to figure out b and then obtain the critical pressure ratio b from that average. Air supply Filter control euipment Shut off valve d3 3d1 Thermometer gauge or pressure convertor 3d3 d1 1d3 1d1 3d1 1d2 Pipe for measuring temperature Pipe for measuring pressure in the upstream side Differential pressure gauge or differential pressure converter d2 Euipment for test Flo control valve 3d2 Pipe for measuring pressure in the donstream pressure Fig. (1) Test circuit based on ISO6358, JIS B 839. Flo meter 2.2 Effective area S (1) Standards conforming to JIS B 839: 2: Pneumatic fluid poer Components using compressible fluids Determination of flo-rate characteristics Euipment standards: JIS B 8373: 2 port solenoid valve for pneumatics JIS B 8374: 3 port solenoid valve for pneumatics JIS B 8379: for pneumatics JIS B 8381: Fittings of flexible joint for pneumatics (2) Definition of flo characteristics Effective area S: It is the cross-sectional area ith having an ideal throttle ithout friction hich as deduced by the calculation of the pressure changes inside air tank or ithout reduced flo hen discharging the compressed air in a choked flo from an euipment attached to air tank. It is the same concept representing the easy to run through as sonic conductance C. (3) Formula of flo rate When P , choked flo P1 +.1 Q = 12 x 293 S(P1 +.1) (3) t When P2 +.1 >.5, subsonic flo P1 +.1 Q = 24 x S 293 (P2 +.1) (P1 P2) (4) t Conversion ith sonic conductance C: S = 5. x C (5) Solenoid Valves Flo Characteristics Q :Air flo rate[dm 3 /min(anr)], dm 3 (cubic decimeter) of SI unit is good to be described by l (liter), too. 1 dm 3 = 1 l S : Effective area [mm 2 ] P1 : Upstream pressure [MPa] P2 : Donstream pressure [MPa] t : Temperature [ C] Note) Formula of subsonic flo (4) is only applicable hen the critical pressure ratio b is the unknon euipment. In the formula by sonic conductance C (2), it is the same formula hen b =.5. (4) Test method By piping an euipment for test ith the test circuit shon in the figure (2), discharge air to the atmosphere until the pressure inside the air tank goes don to. MPa (.2 MPa) from the air tank filled ith compressed air of a certain pressure (.5 MPa) hich does not go don belo.6 MPa. Measure the discharging time for this time and the residual pressure inside the air tank hich had been left until it turned to be the normal values, and then figure out the effective area S by the folloing formula. The volume of air tank should be selected ithin the specified range by corresponding to the effective area of an euipment for test. In the case of JIS B 8373, 8374, 8379, 8381, the pressure values are in the parenthesis and the coefficient of formula is V Ps S = 12.1 log1 ( ) (6) t P +.1 T S : Effective area [mm 2 ] V : Air tank capacity [dm 3 ] t : Discharging time [s] Ps : inside air tank before discharging [MPa] P : Residual pressure inside air tank after discharging [MPa] T : Temperature inside air tank before discharging [K] control euipment Thermometer Air supply Filter Shut off valve Fig. (2) Test circuit based on JIS B Flo coeffiecient Cv factor The United States Standard ANSI/(NFPA)T3.21.3:199: Pneumatic fluid poer Flo rating test procedure and reporting method For fixed orifice components defines the Cv factor of flo coefficient by the folloing formula based on the test conducted by the test circuit analogous to ISO Q Cv = (7) ΔP (P2 + Pa) T1 ΔP : drop beteen the static pressure tapping ports [bar] P1 : of the upstream tapping port [bar gauge] P2 : of the donstream tapping port [bar gauge]:p2 = P1 ΔP Q : Flo rate [dm 3 /s standard condition] Pa : Atmospheric pressure [bar absolute] T1 : Test conditions of the upstream absolute temperature [K] Air tank sitch Control circuit gauge or pressure convertor Timer (Clock) recorder Solenoid valve Poer supply Euipment for test Test condition is P1 + Pa = 6.5 ±.2 bar absolute, T1 = 297 ± 5K,.7 bar ΔP.14 bar. This is the same concept as effective area A hich ISO6358 stipulates as being applicable only hen the pressure drop is smaller than the upstream pressure and the compression of air does not become a problem. Rectifier tube in the upstream side Rectifier tube in the donstream side Front matter 46 Front matter 47

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