International Journal of Biological & Medical Research
|
|
- Jasmine May
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Int J Biol Med Res. 2012; 3(2): Int J Biol Med Res Volume 3, Issue 1, Jan BioMedSiDiret Publiations Contents lists available at BioMedSiDiret Publiations International Journal of Biologial & Medial Researh Journal homepage: International Journal of BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH Original Artile A study on modulation on ardiovasular response to yoga training * a Qairunnisa. S, M. Chandrashekar,M. Revathi, Ambareesha Kondam, B.A. Madhuri & M. Suresh Tutor in Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medial ollege & Researh institute, Kanhipuram, MAHER University Professor in Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medial ollege & Researh institute, Kanhipuram, MAHER University Assitant professor,in department physiology, Meenakshi Medial ollege & Researh institute, Kanhipuram, MAHER Univeersity. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T Keywords: Pranayama Deep breathing test Postural Tahyardia index Valsalva ratio Pratie of breathing exerises like Pranayama is known to improve autonomi funtion by hanging sympatheti or parasympatheti ativity. Speifi breathing exerises had ontinuous good improvement in respiratory endurane in patients suffering Bronhial Asthma. This study was designed to quantity and ompare the instantaneous heart rate dynamis and ardiopulmonary interations during sequential performane of one Yogi meditation breathing patterns with different protool, Beat to beat heart rate variane and ontinuous breathing signals from 20 experiened subjets (10 Males; 10 Females;) was assessed. The experiened groups were subjets pratiing pranayama for duration to a 2-3years.The autonomi funtions of the ardiovasular system of the subjets were assessed in detail. P Value< 0.05 was onsidered to be statistially signifiant, Our results showed no signifiant hange in resting heart rate ( P > 0.05 ) but there was signifiant inrease in deep breathing ( P < 0.05 ), postural tahyardia index ( P < 0.01 ) and valsalva's ratio ( P < 0.01 ). These findings suggest that different meditative breathing protools may evoke ommon heart rate effets, as well as speifi responses. The results support the onept of a Meditation paradox, sine a variety of relaxation and meditative tehniques may produe ative rather than quiesent ardia dynamis, assoiated with prominent low frequeny, heart rate osillation or inreases in mean resting heart rate. These findings also undersore the need to ritially assess traditional frequeny domain heat rate variability parameters in making inferenes about autonomis alterations during meditation with slow breathing. Copyright 2010 BioMedSiDiret Publiations IJBMR - ISSN: 0976:6685. All rights reserved. 1. Introdution Yogi tehniques like regular pratie of breathing exerises (pranayama) are known to improve physial and mental health as they inrease parasympatheti tone, derease sympatheti ativity, improve ardiovasular and respiratory funtions and derease the effet of stress and strain on the body [1-3]. Bhattaharya & Krishna swami have given several reports on the benefiial effets of yoga training on physiologial funtions [4]. Pranayama breathing exerises improve autonomi & pulmonary funtions in asthma patients [5]. In the yogi system of breathing, the right nostril dominane orresponds to ativation of * Corresponding Author : Qairunnisa. S Tutor in Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medial ollege & Researh institute, Kanhipuram, MAHER University E.mail: ambreesh.kondam@gmail.om Copyright 2010 BioMedSiDiret Publiations. All rights reserved. 'pingala' the subtle energy hannel of yoga is related to sympatheti arousal and left nostril dominane and Ida' svara with parasympatheti ativation [6]. A signifiant improvement in ardiovasular endurane & anaerobi power ours as a result of yoga training [7]. Anient yogi texts have desribed a rapid breathing leansing pratie (Kapalabhati) as stimulating, & slow regulated breathing, partiularly through alternate nostrils (Nadisuddhi pranayama) as alming [8]. Kapalabhati was found to ause autonomi ativation. This was observed as an immediate effet during three ontiguous sessions of 5 minute eah, in terms of an inreased heart rate and systoli blood pressure during kapalabhathi [9]. In Nadisuddhi pranayama pratied for 4 weeks, there were dereased heart rate, as well as systoli & diastoli blood pressure levels [1]
2 1663 In Surya anuloma viloma pranayama and Kapalabhati type of breathing exerise there is inrease in sympatheti tone or derease in vagal tone [10]. Pratie of short Kumbhak pranayama breathing at slow rate inreases oxygen onsumption & metaboli rate [11] and other slow breathing exerises redue hemo reflex response to both hypoxia & hyperapnia but an inrease baroreflex sensitivity [12]. The heart rate is ontrolled by neural as well as other fators. Hene a derease in heart rate may be related to an inrease in vagal tone, a derease in ardia sympatheti ativity, as well as other non-autonomi fators. Pranayama have definite influene on sympatheti and parasympatheti innervations on modulation of the heart rate and the present study was aimed at analyzing heart rate related to the pratie of both Kapalabhati & Nadisuddhi pranayama to get a better understanding about the immediate effets of these praties on the autonomi status. 2. Materials and Methods The study was onduted in the Department of Physiology, Meenakshi Medial College, Kanhipuram, Tamilnadu. A total of 40 volunteers were seleted between the age group of years. All of them were non smokers with sedentary lifestyle and free from major health problems. These volunteers were randomly subdivided into study group (n=20) and ontrol group (n=20). Study group volunteers were given training to learn and perform slow breathing exerises. They were instruted to perform slow breathing exerise for half an hour in the morning between 6 to 7 am and half an hour in the evening between 5 to 6 pm under the guidane of an expert. Various autonomi funtion tests were performed and the values were reorded before & after the study. The volunteers were instruted not to take tea, offee or any drinks before the reording.volunteers of ontrol group were not allowed to pratie slow breathing exerise. Autonomi funtion tests were arried out in both study & ontrol groups. The following autonomi funtion tests were performed, in aordane with the proedures desribed by Banister & Mathias [13,14]. The following tests were done: 2.1. Postural tahyardia index: - The subjets were asked to take rest in supine position for 2 minutes and to stand unaided and remain standing for about a minute while ECG was being reorded ontinuously. The heart rate response to standing is defined as the ratio between the heart rate at beat 15 after rising to the vertial position & the heart rate at beat 30. Longest R-R at 30th beat PTI = Shortest R-R at 15th beat A ratio of 1.00 or less was defined as an abnormal response, 1.01to1.03 as border line & 1.04 as normal response Deep breathing test The subjets of study group were asked to breathe deeply, steadily and slowly for 1minute at the rate of six breaths per minute, (5 seonds inspiration & 5 seonds expiration) while ECG was being reorded ontinuously. The heart rate hange with deep breathing was then expressed as the mean of the differene between maximal & minimal heart rate in 6 respiratory yles. Deep breathing differene = of heart rate differene in 6 breath yle Normal : Differene of 15 beats per minute or more. Borderline : Differene of 10 to 14 beats per minute. Abnormal : Differene of less than 10 beats per minute Heart rate response to Valsalva maneuver The subjets were trained to maintain an expiratory pressure of 40 mm of Hg for 10 seonds, a nose lip was applied and small air leakage inorporated in the mouthpiee to ensure that the expiratory pressure omes from the hest & that the subjet does not blow with the heeks. The subjets were made to pratie. The subjets were asked to blow out in the rubber tube of the merury manometer for 10 seonds while maintaining an expiratory pressure of 40 mm of Hg. ECG was reorded ontinuously during the valsalva manoeuver and for 30 seonds after release of pressure. ECG was reorded in standard limb lead II. Three readings were taken & the average was taken as a final reading. The Valsalva ratio (VR) was alulated as: Maximum RR distane after Valsalva maneuver V R = Minimum RR distane during Valsalva maneuver 3. Result and Disussion: The anient pratie of yoga makes use of voluntary regulation of breathing to make the respiration rhythmi & to alm the mind to reah the ultimate goal. This pratie of pranayama is an art of ontrolling the breath. A pratitioner of pranayama, not only tries to breathe properly but at the same time tries to keep his attention on the at of breathing, leading to onentration. This at of onentration removes his attention from worldly worries that distress him. This may derease the release of adrenaline. One of the benefiial effets of yogi exerise is to ontrol the autonomi nervous system and viseral funtions. So, the present study inludes the effet of pranayama breathing on autonomi nervous system and ardiovasular funtion. As the parasympatheti ativity funtion is more dominant on ardia funtion, the tests for parasympatheti funtion were seleted for this study [15-18]. Resting Heart rate was 74.5 beats per minute in study group and in ontrols. These values were statistially signifiant. Similar responses were observed studied by G.K Pal et al [19].
3 1664 Resting Heart rate in ontrol and subjets Valsalva's Ratio in ontrol and subjets Resting heart rate(pulse/min) Valsalva Ratio error mean COMPARISON OF RESTING HEART RATE IN GROUP I & GROUP II COMPARISON OF VALSALVA RATIO IN GROUP I& GROUP II I Heart rate response to Deep Breathing in ontrols and subjets Deep breathing test P<0.05 P<0.05 Heart rate responses to standing in ontrol and subjets Postural tahy ardia index COMPARISON OF DEEP BREATHING TEST IN GROUP I&GROUP II DBT 30 I COMPARISON OF POSTURAL TACHYCARDIAL INDEX IN GROUP I& GROUP II PTI I Heart rate hanges depend on type of breathing exerises. Slow breathing exerises improve autonomi funtion; whereas fast breathing exerises do not alter autonomi funtion. Similar results were observed in the study of Bernardi et al.15 Khannam A et al [5]. studied the effet of yoga in asthma patients. Their study indiates derease in resting heart rate after yoga training. In normal resting subjet, the heart rate is determined mainly by bakground vagal ativity. The basal heart rate is therefore the funtion of parasympatheti system. In the present study, there was signifiant derease in basal heart rate in slow breathing group after three months of slow breathing exerise whih improves vagal ativity Deep breathing test I Deep breathing test indiates the mean differenes in heart rate during deep inspiration and deep expiration. The 'p' value is less than 0.05 whih indiates that findings are statistially signifiant. During inspiration, vagal ativity dereases and sympatheti ativity inreases. Therefore, the heart rate rises during inspiration. Opposite mehanism operate in expiration and heart rate dereases. This differene in heart rate in different phase of respiration is alled sinus arrhythmia [16]. This phenomenon of arrhythmia is aentuated in deep breathing. Deep breathing test response dereases with inreasing age [14]. Normally in adults the deep breathing test response varies from and a value less than 10 is regarded as abnormal. A signifiant rise in deep breathing test response in slow breathing group in the present study indiates an inrease in vagal ativity. Pranayama slow breathing exerise inreases oxygen onsumption that improves autonomi funtions [11]. Also slow type of Pranayama breathing like Nadisuddhi breathing dereases sympatheti ativity and fast type of Pranayama breathing like Kapalabhati breathing inreases sympatheti ativity [10].The improvement of parasympatheti ativity following pratie of slow breathing exerise in present study may possibly be due to inreased
4 1665 oxygenation of tissues. As oxygenation does not improve in fast breathing due to inreased alveolar ventilation, no signifiant hange in autonomi ativity was observed in fast breathing group. Deep breathing test indiates the mean differenes in heart rate during deep inspiration and deep expiration. The 'p' value is less than 0.05 whih indiates that findings are statistially signifiant. During inspiration, vagal ativity dereases and sympatheti ativity inreases. Therefore, the heart rate rises during inspiration. Opposite mehanism operate in expiration and heart rate dereases. This differene in heart rate in different phase of respiration is alled sinus arrhythmia [16]. This phenomenon of arrhythmia is aentuated in deep breathing. Deep breathing test response dereases with inreasing age [14]. Normally in adults the deep breathing test response varies from and a value less than 10 is regarded as abnormal. A signifiant rise in deep breathing test response in slow breathing group in the present study indiates an inrease in vagal ativity. Pranayama slow breathing exerise inreases oxygen onsumption that improves autonomi funtions [11]. Also slow type of Pranayama breathing like Nadisuddhi breathing dereases sympatheti ativity and fast type of Pranayama breathing like Kapalabhati breathing inreases sympatheti ativity [10].The improvement of parasympatheti ativity following pratie of slow breathing exerise in present study may possibly be due to inreased oxygenation of tissues. As oxygenation does not improve in fast breathing due to inreased alveolar ventilation, no signifiant hange in autonomi ativity was observed in fast breathing group. 3.2.Postural tahyardia index Postural tahyardia index indiate the baroreeptor reflex mehanism. The response is more in the study group 1.14± 0.16 and this hange is statistially signifiant. On immediate standing there ours an inrease in heart rate, whih reahes a maximum between 10th to 15th beat. Following this, the heart rate falls to a minimum in 1 to 2.5 minutes and then rises again to stabilize in 2.5 to 4 minutes [14]. In the present study, maximum inrease in heart rate is signifiantly less in subjets of slow breathing group. Our finding is similar to the observations of Bhargava et,al [1] that Pranayama breathing dereases base line heart rate and blood pressure by improving vagal tone and by dereasing sympatheti disharge[1]. However, other workers suggested that Pranayama breathing pratied exlusively in right nostril (right nostril pranayama) inreased sympatheti ativity [17,18]. It was also observed that left nostril breathing dereased sympatheti. 3.3.Valsalva ratio: Valsalva ratio indiates the integrity of sympatheti and parasympatheti pathways. Valsalva ratio values in ontrols were 1.16 ± 0.63 and in Subjets that its 1.66 ± The 'p' value is less than 0.01 whih indiates statistially highly signifiant. During and after Valsalva manoeuver, hanges in the ardia vagal efferent and sympatheti vasomotor ativity our, resulting from stimulation of arotid sinus and aorti arh baroreeptors and other intrathorai streth reeptors [14]. Normally, this auses a sharp redution in venous return and ardia output & blood pressure falls. The effet on the baroreeptors is to ause a reflex tahyardia and to a lesser extent, peripheral vasoonstrition. With release of intrathorai pressure, venous return, stroke volume, and blood pressure rise to higher than normal levels. Parasympatheti influene then predominates and results in bradyardia. The above results indiate that parasympatheti ativity inreases and sympatheti ativity dereases in subjets doing regular slow breathing Pranayama exerises. 4. Conlusion The results of the present study in the Pranayama pratiing subjets indiate improvement in parasympatheti ativity on ardiovasular system. There was signifiant derease in basal heart rate in the study group pratiing slow breathing exerises whih indiates improvement in vagal ativity (vagal tone). It is evident from the present study that yoga develops an ability to ontrol ardiovasular autonomi funtion and an be presribed as an adjuvant therapy in ardiovasular diseases. 5. Referenes [1] Bhargava R, Gogate.MG, Masarenhas JF. Autonomi responses to breat holding and its variations following pranayama. Indian J Physiol Pharmaol 1988; 42: [2] Telles, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR. Breathing through a partiular nostril an alter metabolism and autonomi ativities. Indian J Physiol Pharmaol 1994; 38: [3] Mohan M, Saravanane C, Surange SG, Thombre DP, Chakrabarthy AS. Effet of yoga type breathing on heart rate and ardia axis of normal subjets. Ind J Physiol Pharmaol. 1986; 30: [4] Bhattaharyya K S AND Krishna swami P. Trial of yogi exerise. Armed fores Med J 1960; 16: [5] Khanam.A, et, al. The study of pulmonary and autonomi funtions of asthma patients after yoga training. Indian journal of physiology and pharmaology, vol.40: , [6] Swami Rama. Pranayama. The Royal Path: Pratial lessons on Yoga. The Himalayan Institute Press Honesdale, Pennsylvania. 1979; [7] Bera TK AND Rajapurkar M V. Body omposition Cardio vasular endurane and anaerobi power of yogi Pratitioner. Indian J Physiol Pharmaol 1993; 37(3): [8] Funderburke J: Siene studies Yoga A review of physiologial data. Himalayan International Institute of Yoga sienes, Illinois, [9] Stanak AJ, Kuna M. Srinivasan, Vishnudevananda S, Dostalek C. Kapalabhati Yogi Cleansing exerise. 1. Cardiovasular and respiratory hanges. Homeost Health Dis 19991; 33(3): [10] Raghuraj P, Ramakrishnan AG, Negendra HR, Talles S. Effet of two seleted yogi breathing tehniques of heart rate variability. Indian J physiol Pharmaol 1998; 42: [11] Telles S, Desiraju T. Oxygen onsumption during pranayami type of very rate breathing. Indian J Med Res 1991; 94: [12] Bernardi L, Gabutti A, Porta C, Spiuzza L. Slow breathing redues hemo reflex response to hypoxia and hyperapnia and inreases baroreflex sensitivity. J Hypertens 2001; 19: [13] Grossman P. Respiratory and ardia rhyms as windows to entral and autonomi biobehavioral regulation: Seletion of window frames, keeping the panes lean and viewing the neural topography. Biol Psyhol.1992; 34:
5 1666 [14] Bannister R, Mathias CJ. Investigations of autonomi disorders. Autonomi failure A text book of linial disorders of the autonomi nervous system, 3rd ed. San Fransison: Oxford University press; 1992 p [15] Bernaedi, et, al. Breathing patterns and ardiovasular autonomi modulation during hypoxia indued by stimulated altitude. J Hypertens.2001; 9 (5): [16] Ganong WF. Cardiovasular regulatory mehanism Review of medial physiology. 20th edition. San fransiso; MCGraw Hill; 2001 pp: [17] Telles, Nagarathna R, Nagendra HR. Breathing through a partiular nostril an alter metabolism and autonomi ativities Indian J Physiol Pharmaol. 1994; 38: [18] Telles S, Nagarathna R. Nagendra HR.Physiologial measures of right nostril breathing. J Alternate ompl med. 1996; 2: Copyright 2010 BioMedSiDiret Publiations IJBMR - ISSN: 0976:6685. All rights reserved.
Effect of Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs on Highway Safety
Effet of Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs on Highway Safety John C. Glennon Transportation Consulting Engineer Overland Park, Kansas Drop-offs at the pavement/shoulder (or shoulder/roadside) edge have been
More information11/ This paper not to be cited without prior reference to the author. I'
/ 11/ This paper not to be ited without prior referene to the author. I' International Counil for the Exploration of the Sea C. M. 197 2/H : 3 0 Pelagi Fish (N) Committee THE EFFECTS OF REGULATIONS OF
More informationStatistical Mechanics of the Frequency Modulation of Sea Waves
Statistial Mehanis of the Frequeny Modulation of Sea Waves Hiroshi Tomita and Takafumi Kawamura Ship Researh Institute, Shinkawa 6-8-, Mitaka, Tokyo 8-, Japan tomita@srimot.go.jp Abstrat. The longtime
More informationEffect of Various Parameters of RBC on Oxygen Concentration in Tissues
Journal of Mathematial Control Siene and Appliations (JMCSA) Vol. Journal 3 No. of Mathematial (July-Deember, Control 017), Siene ISSN and : 0974-0570 Appliations (JMCSA) Vol., No. 1, June 008, pp. 117-1
More informationEMPLOYER SAMPLE PROCEDURES FOR HEAT ILLNESS PREVENTION
EMPLOYER SAMPLE PROCEDURES FOR HEAT ILLNESS PREVENTION FEB 2010 California Employers with any outdoor plaes of employment must omply with the Heat Illness Prevention Standard T8 CCR 3395. These proedures
More informationImplementing Actuated Signal-Controlled Intersection Capacity Analysis with Pedestrians
Ipleenting Atuated Signal-Controlled Intersetion Capaity Analysis with Pedestrians DingXin Cheng, Zong Z. Tian, and Honghao Liu For an atuated signalized intersetion, pedestrian alls are likely to affet
More informationSafe and effective use of supplemental oxygen therapy
PEER-REVIEWED ardiorespiratory / CPD evidene & pratie Why you should read this artile: To ensure your knowledge of the ommon indiations and ontraindiations for supplemental oxygen therapy is up to date
More informationEffectiveness of a law to reduce alcohol-impaired driving in Japan
1 Takemi Program, Department of International Health, Harvard Shool of Publi Health, Boston, MA, USA; 2 Department of Emergeny Mediine, St Mary s Hospital, Kurume, Japan; 3 Division of Pharmaoepidemiology
More informationRules of Hockey5s including explanations
Rules of Hokey5s inluding explanations Effetive from 1 January 2015 (updated 18 May 2015) Copyright FIH 2015 The International Hokey Federation Rue du Valentin 61 CH 1004, Lausanne Switzerland Telephone:
More informationRules of Hockey5 including explanations
Rules of Hokey5 inluding explanations Effetive from 1 September 2012 Copyright FIH 2012 The International Hokey Federation Rue du Valentin 61 CH 1004, Lausanne Switzerland Telephone: ++41 21 641 0606 Fax:
More informationModelling the decrease in wave height over the shoreface due to slope-induced changes in bottom friction.
Chapter : Modelling the derease in wave height over the shorefae due to slope-indued hanges in bottom frition. Abstrat Wave height-redution on the shorefae is partly indued by frition at the bottom. The
More informationEffect of yogic bellows on cardiovascular autonomic reactivity
JCDR Original Article Effect of yogic bellows on cardiovascular autonomic reactivity Shashikala G. Veerabhadrappa, V. S. Baljoshi 1, Shashidhar Khanapure 2, Anita Herur, Shailaja Patil, Roopa B. Ankad,
More informationA controlled study of stanozolol in primary Raynaud's phenomenon and systemic sclerosis
Annals ofthe Rheumati Diseases 1991; 50: 41-47 41 Rheumati Diseases Centre, University of Manhester, Hope Hospital, Salford, M6 8HD, UK M V Jayson C D Holl A Keegan K llingworth L Taylor Correspondene
More informationHURRICANE SANDY LIMITED REEVALUATION REPORT UNION BEACH, NEW JERSEY DRAFT ENGINEERING APPENDIX SUB APPENDIX E OVERTOPPING & FAILURE ANALYSIS
HURRICANE SANDY LIMITED REEVALUATION REPORT UNION BEACH, NEW JERSEY DRAFT ENGINEERING APPENDIX SUB APPENDIX E OVERTOPPING & FAILURE ANALYSIS Revised 18 Feb 2015 1 OVERTOPPING & FAILURE ANALYSIS 1.0 Introdution
More informationMECHANICAL INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT OF A LARGE HORIZONTAL NGL PRESSURE VESSEL: CASE STUDY
Abstrat MECHANICAL INEGRIY ASSESSMEN OF A LARGE HORIZONAL NGL PRESSURE VESSEL: CASE SUDY A methodology for assessing the strutural integrity of a large horizontal NGL (Natural Gas Liquid) vessel has been
More informationRules of Beach Hockey including explanations
Rules of Beah Hokey inluding explanations Effetive from 1 June 2016 (updated 31 May 2016) Copyright FIH 2016 The International Hokey Federation Rue du Valentin 61 CH 1004, Lausanne Switzerland Telephone:
More informationWind energy potential of Ban village
Available online at www.pelagiaresearhlibrary.om Advanes in Applied Siene Researh, 2013, 4(3):220-225 ISSN: 0976-8610 CODEN (USA): AASRFC Wind energy potential of Ban village Maren. I. Borok 1, Gyang Y.
More informationComparison of the South Dakota Road Profiler with Other Rut Measurement Methods
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1311 Comparison of the South Dakota Road Profiler ith Other Rut Measurement Methods ]AMES B. DuBosE During the fall of 1989, the Illinois Department of Transportation ompleted
More informationmanual h/p/cosmos discovery 4.0 Instruction- & Service manual Manufacturer h/p/cosmos sports & medical gmbh h/p/cosmos discovery 4.
manual h/p/osmos disovery 4.0 Instrution- & Servie manual Manufaturer h/p/osmos disovery 4.0 h/p/osmos sports & medial gmbh Firmware version 3.01.3 Am Sportplatz 8 DE 83365 ussdorf-traunstein Germany phone
More informationGeneral Technical Data and Calculations
18 Bosh Rexroth AG R31EN 232 (26.4) General Produt Desription General Tehnial Data and Calulations Fores and load moments In Rexroth the running traks are arranged at a ompression angle of 45. This results
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON NONLINEAR WAVE DYNAMICS: ROUGE WAVE GENERATION AND WAVE BLOCKING
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON NONLINEAR WAVE DYNAMICS: ROUGE WAVE GENERATION AND WAVE BLOCKING Wen-Yang Hsu, Igor Shugan, Wen-Son Chiang, Ray-Yeng Yang, Hwung-Hweng Hwung 2, Sergey Kuznetsov 3 and Yana Saprykina
More informationAhaemodynamic model for the physiological interpretation of in vivo measurements of the concentration and oxygen saturation of haemoglobin
INSTITUTE OF PHYSICSPUBLISHING Phys. Med. Biol. 47 22 N249 N257 PHYSICS INMEDICINE AND BIOLOGY PII: S31-9155234248-9 NOTE Ahaemodynami model for the physiologial interpretation of in vivo measurements
More informationOxygen consumption during pranayamic type of very slow-rate breathing
Oxygen consumption during pranayamic type of very slow-rate breathing Shirley Telles & T. Desiraju. Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neuro Sciences, Bangalore. (Accepted
More informationRESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
RESPIRATORY PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT SETTING Correspondene to: Dr R M Howie, 12 Morningside Close, Edinburgh EH10 4DB, UK; robin.howie@ btlik.om T RMHowie Oup Environ Med 2005; 62:423 428. doi: 10.1136/oem.2002.004424
More informationMeasuring Lung Capacity
Name Class Date Chapter 37 Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Measuring Lung Capacity Introduction The amount of air that you move in and out of your lungs depends on how quickly you are breathing. The
More informationAMERICAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NURSING RESEARCH
8 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NURSING RESEARCH e - ISSN 2349-0691 Print ISSN - XXXX-XXXX Journal homepage: www.mcmed.us/journal/ajanr ANULOMA - VILOMA PRANAYAMA AND NURSES STRESS Smriti G. Solomon*
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The cell exchange O 2 directly with the air in the
More informationDynamic Modeling of the Water Balance in the Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Dynami Modeling of the Water Balane in the Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer of Polymer Eletrolyte Fuel Cells D. Fofana, K. Agbossou, Y. Dubé, J. Hamelin This doument appeared in Detlef Stolten, Thomas Grube
More informationAPPENDICES STRANDJACK WEDGES Friction coefficients, micro slip and handling
APPENDICES STRANDJACK WEDGES Frition oeffiients, miro slip and handling Report nr. DCT 2005-78 By: H.G.M.R. van Hoof Idnr : 501326 20 November, 2005 Researh strand jak wedges Appendies By H.G.M.R. van
More informationAbsorption Equilibrium and Kinetics for Ethylene-Ethane Separation with a Novel Solvent Introduction Experimental
Absorption Equilibrium and Kinetis for Ethylene-Ethane Separation with a Novel Solvent Travis A. Reine, R. Brue Eldridge 2004 The University of Texas at Austin Prepared for Presentation at 2004 Annual
More informationAnalysis of a Twin Screw Expander for ORC Systems using Computational Fluid Dynamics with a Real Gas Model
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conferene Shool of Mehanial Engineering 2014 Analysis of a Twin Srew Expander for ORC Systems using Computational Fluid Dynamis with
More informationCFD Simulations of Contaminant Transport between two Breathing Persons Bjørn, Erik; Nielsen, Peter Vilhelm
Aalborg Universitet CFD Simulations of Contaminant Transport between two Breathing Persons Bjørn, Erik; Nielsen, Peter Vilhelm Publiation date: 1998 Doument Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version
More informationChapter 4: Ventilation Test Bank MULTIPLE CHOICE
Instant download and all chapters Test Bank Respiratory Care Anatomy and Physiology Foundations for Clinical Practice 3rd Edition Will Beachey https://testbanklab.com/download/test-bank-respiratory-care-anatomy-physiologyfoundations-clinical-practice-3rd-edition-will-beachey/
More informationFigure 1. A schematic diagram of the human respiratory system.
Introduction to Respiration In this experiment, you will investigate various aspects of normal breathing, hyperventilation, rebreathing the effect of changing airway resistance and ways in which to measure
More informationSchool of Physical and Occupational Therapy, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Paraplegia 32 (1994) 54-553 1994 International Medial Soiety of Paraplegia The effets of parallel bars, body weight support and speed on the modulation of the loomotor pattern of spasti pareti gait. A
More informationtransients' of large amplitude can be imposed on the arterial, cardiac and Since both coughing and the Valsalva manoeuvre raise intrathoracic pressure
351 J. Physiol. (I953) I22, 35I-357 EFFECTS OF COUGHING ON INTRATHORACIC PRESSURE, ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND PERIPHERAL BLOOD FLOW BY E. P. SHARPEY-SCHAFER From the Department of Medicine, St Thomas's Hospital
More informationRespiratory Physiology. Adeyomoye O.I
Respiratory Physiology By Adeyomoye O.I Outline Introduction Hypoxia Dyspnea Control of breathing Ventilation/perfusion ratios Respiratory/barometric changes in exercise Intra-pulmonary & intra-pleural
More informationMODEL FOR PREDICTING BATHYMETRIC AND GRAIN SIZE CHANGES BASED ON BAGNOLD S CONCEPT AND EQUILIBRIUM SLOPE CORRESPONDING TO GRAIN SIZE COMPOSITION
MODEL FOR PREDICTING BATHYMETRIC AND GRAIN SIZE CHANGES BASED ON BAGNOLD S CONCEPT AND EQUILIBRIUM SLOPE CORRESPONDING TO GRAIN SIZE COMPOSITION Yasuhito Noshi, Takaaki Uda 2, Masumi Serizawa 3, Takayuki
More informationBREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
96 BIOLOGY, EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS CHAPTER 17 BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Respiration in insects is called direct because a. The tissues exchange O 2 directly with the air in
More informationSlow gas expansion in saturated natural porous media by gas injection and partitioning with nonaqueous
MMaster University From the SeletedWorks of Sarah E Dikson 2008 Slow gas expansion in saturated natural porous media by gas injetion and partitioning with nonaqueous phase liquids Kevin G Mumford, Queen's
More informationISSN: IJBPAS, June, 2013, 2(6): THE EFFECT OF ASCENT TO THE HEIGHT OF SATURATION PERCENT OXYGEN
IJBPAS, June, 01, (6): 166-17 ISSN: 77 4998 THE EFFECT OF ASCENT TO THE HEIGHT OF SATURATION PERCENT OXYGEN POURFAZELI B 1*, GHAFARI ZADEH S, BATHAEE SA, MAHMOUDI TEIMOURABAD S 4, GHAEDI SH 5 AND MORSHEDI
More informationLung Volumes and Capacities
Lung Volumes and Capacities Normally the volume of air entering the lungs during a single inspiration is approximately equal to the volume leaving on the subsequent expiration and is called the tidal volume.
More informationCongruence Axioms. Data Required for Solving Oblique Triangles. 1 of 8 8/6/ THE LAW OF SINES
1 of 8 8/6/2004 8.1 THE LAW OF SINES 8.1 THE LAW OF SINES Congrueny and Olique Triangles Derivation of the Law of Sines Appliations Amiguous Case Area of a Triangle Until now, our work with triangles has
More informationEffect Of Kapal Bhati On Vital Capacity
Effect Of Kapal Bhati On Vital Capacity * Dr.Sanjeev Sakiya ** Dr.Susanta Kumar Panda (Asst. Prof. GDC, Lalitpur) (Asst. Prof. Lovely Univ. Chandigarh) Abstract The present investigation was undertaken
More informationRESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE
RESPIRATORY REGULATION DURING EXERCISE Respiration Respiration delivery of oxygen to and removal of carbon dioxide from the tissue External respiration ventilation and exchange of gases in the lung Internal
More informationABNORMAL GAIT CLASSIFICATION USING SILHOUETTES
ABNORMAL GAIT CLASSIFICATION USING SILHOUETTES S. M. H. Sithi Shameem Fathima and R. S. D. Wahida Banu 2 Syed Ammal Engineering College, Ramanathapuram, Tamilnadu, India 2 Government College of Engineering,
More informationFrom mountain to bedside: understanding the clinical relevance of human acclimatisation to high-altitude hypoxia
Centre for Altitude, Spae and Extreme Environment Mediine (CASE Mediine), University College London, Institute of Human Health and Performane, London N19 5LW, UK Correspondene to: Dr D Martin, Centre for
More informationThe Optimal Control of a Periodic Adsorber:
., Natural Convetion in nonnewtonian Fluids Heated from Below, paper presented at First Paifi Chem. Eng. Congr. (1972). Samuels, M. R., Stability of a Fluid in a Long Horizontal, Retangular Cylinder Heated
More informationFull scale measurements of pressure equalization on air permeable façade elements
Full sale measurements of pressure equalization on air permeable façade elements Carine van Bentum, Chris Geurts Department of Strutural Dynamis, TNO, Delft, The Netherlands email: arine.vanbentum@tno.nl,
More informationDriver Decision Making at Traffic Signals
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD 1172 93 Driver Deision Making at Traffi Signals RICHARD VAN DER HORST The driving task at signalized road intersetions is simplified substantially over that at nonsignalized
More informationThe physiological functions of respiration and circulation. Mechanics. exercise 7. Respiratory Volumes. Objectives
exercise 7 Respiratory System Mechanics Objectives 1. To explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to enable gas exchange among the lungs, blood, and body tissues 2. To define respiration,
More informationMeasurement System of Bubbly Flow Using Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Monitor and Video Data Processing Unit, (II)
Journal of Nulear Siene and Tehnology SSN: 22-3131 (Print) 1881-1248 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.om/loi/tnst2 Measurement System of Bubbly Flow Using Ultrasoni Veloity Profile Monitor
More information2. State the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a normal breathing.
CLASS XI BIOLOGY Breathing And Exchange of Gases 1. Define vital capacity. What is its significance? Answer: Vital Capacity (VC): The maximum volume of air a person can breathe in after a forced expiration.
More informationWind Energy Potential of Jordan
M. A. Alghoul et al. / International Energy Journal 8 (7) 7-78 7 Wind Energy Potential of Jordan M. A. Alghoul *, M.Y.Sulaiman +, B.Z.Azmi + and M. Abd. Wahab + www.serd.ait.a.th/reri Abstrat - The daily
More informationCornell Institute for. Biology Teachers. Respirometry Part I: Lung Volumes and Capacities. Lab issue/rev. date: 12/12/96. Title:
Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers Copyright Cornell Institute for Biology Teachers, 1999. This work may be copied by the original recipient from CIBT to provide copies for users working under the
More informationInvestigation on the Vortex Thermal Separation in a Vortex Tube Refrigerator
doi: 1.236/sieneasia13-1874.2.31.2 SieneAsia 31 (2): 2-223 Investigation on the Vortex Thermal Separation in a Vortex Tube Refrigerator Pongjet Promvonge* and Smith Eiamsa-ard Department of Mehanial Engineering,
More informationOxygen permeation of La Sr CoO
Solid State Ionis 98 (1997) 7 13 Oxygen permeation of La Sr CoO.3.7 3d 1 * C.H. Chen, H.J.M. Bouwmeester, R.H.E. van Doorn, H. Kruidhof, A.J. Burggraaf Laboratory for Inorgani Materials Siene, Faulty of
More information(Received 16 January 1946)
186 J. Physiol. (I946) I05, I86-I90 6I2.2I5.9 THE ABSORPTION OF FLUIDS FROM THE LUNGS BY F. C. COURTICE AND P. J. PHIPPS From the Experimental Station, Porton and the Laboratory of Physiology, Oxford (Received
More informationWIND TUNNEL MEASUREMENT AND ASSESSMENT ON THE PEDESTRIAN WIND ENVIRONMENT A CASE STUDY OF JINYING HIGH RISE BUILDING IN TAIPEI, TAIWAN
WIND TNNEL MEASREMENT AND ASSESSMENT ON THE PEDESTRIAN WIND ENVIRONMENT A CASE STDY OF JINYING HIGH RISE BILDING IN TAIPEI, TAIWAN Bao-Shi Shiau 1 and Ben-Jue Tsai 2 ABSTRACT In this paper, wind tunnel
More informationTrigonometry. terminal ray
terminal ray y Trigonometry Trigonometry is the study of triangles the relationship etween their sides and angles. Oddly enough our study of triangles egins with a irle. r 1 θ osθ P(x,y) s rθ sinθ x initial
More informationFatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences, Ordu University, Fatsa/Ordu, Turkey; 3 Faculty of Fisheries, Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey;
Indian Journal of Marine Sienes Vol. 39(1), Marh 2010, pp. 43-48 Comparison of biologial harateristis of the horse Makerel (Trahurus trahurus L. 1758) whih aught of different fishing gears in the Southern
More informationBiology 347 General Physiology Lab Basic Pulmonary Functions: Respirometry and Factors that Effect Respiration
Biology 347 General Physiology Lab Basic Pulmonary Functions: Respirometry and Factors that Effect Respiration Objectives Students will measure breathing parameters in a resting subject. Students will
More information6 EASY BREATHING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCED WEIGHT LOSS
6 EASY BREATHING TECHNIQUES FOR ENHANCED WEIGHT LOSS NIKA KARAN TABLE OF CONTENTS 1) Introduction 2) The benefits of yoga breathing 3) A short guide to a successful breathing practice 4) Breathing techniques
More informationBreathing Process: Inhalation
Airway Chapter 6 Breathing Process: Inhalation Active part of breathing Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract, allowing the lungs to expand. The decrease in pressure allows lungs to fill with air.
More informationAlternate Nostril Breathing
Alternate Nostril Breathing What is Alternate Nostril Breathing? Alternate Nostril Breathing (also called Nadi Shodhana) is the practice of intentionally and in a focused way breathing for a few (or several)
More informationExperimental Study on the Limits of Flow Regimes for Different Configurations of Stepped Spillway
Civil and Environmental Researh Experimental Study on the Limits of Flow Regimes for Different Configurations of Stepped Spillway Najm Obaid Salim Alghazali 1*, Salam M. Jasim 2 1. Asst. Prof. Dotor, Civil
More informationBubble trouble: a review of diving physiology and disease
1 Centre for Altitude, Spae and Extreme Environment Mediine, UCL, London, UK; 2 Hyperbari Servie, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia Correspondene to: Dr D Levett, Centre for Altitude, Spae and
More informationHeart Rate Breathing Rate Physical Fitness Student
We have made it easy for you to find a PDF Ebooks without any digging. And by having access to our ebooks online or by storing it on your computer, you have convenient answers with heart rate breathing
More informationHarmonization exercises II
Harmonization exercises II Pranayama The Sanskrit word meaning "extension of the prāṇa or breath" or "extension of the life force. Prana - life force, or vital energy Ayāma - to extend or draw out. The
More informationLiving with. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD. Breathing and Relaxation
Living with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease COPD Breathing and Relaxation Anatomy and Physiology of COPD Breathing Techniques Positions to Reduce Shortness of Breath Relaxation Exercise Breathing
More informationATHLETE S BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ENHANCED BY PRACTICING BREATHE TECHNIQUES OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE SYSTEM
ATHLETE S BASIC PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ENHANCED BY PRACTICING BREATHE TECHNIQUES OF YOGA IN DAILY LIFE SYSTEM Tibor KÖKÉNY Abstract The physiological data of a swimmer were compared to the phases of
More informationOperating Instructions
Operating life time Normal expeted servie life (expressed in the number of yles over the full adjustment range) is appr. 1 million for the pressure swith. This may be extended to 2.5 million yles max.
More informationHarbour Dues (Pleasure Vessels, House Boats, Large Commercial Yachts and Tall Ships) Regulations 2013
Harbour Dues (Pleasure Vessels, House Boats, Large Commerial Yahts and Tall Ships) Regulations 2013 Index HARBOUR DUES (PLEASURE VESSELS, HOUSE BOATS, LARGE COMMERCIAL YACHTS AND TALL SHIPS) REGULATIONS
More informationExam Key. NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: % of grade in class
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: 100 20% of grade in class 1) An arterial blood sample for a patient at sea level is obtained, and the following physiological values
More informationLarge-Scale Conditions of Tibet Plateau Vortex Departure
Large-Sale Conditions of Tibet Plateau Vortex Departure ShuHua Yu WenLiang Gao ABSTRACT Based on the irumfluene situation of the out- and in- Tibet Plateau Vortex (TPV) from 1998-2004 and its weather-influening
More informationRESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PATHOLOGY IN RELATION TO ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE
Course n : Course 3 Title: RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY, PHYSICS AND PATHOLOGY IN RELATION TO ANAESTHESIA AND INTENSIVE CARE Sub-category: Intensive Care for Respiratory Distress Topic: Pulmonary Function and
More informationCritical Gust Pressures on Tall Building Frames-Review of Codal Provisions
Dr. B.Dean Kumar Dept. of Civil Engineering JNTUH College of Engineering Hyderabad, INDIA bdeankumar@gmail.com Dr. B.L.P Swami Dept. of Civil Engineering Vasavi College of Engineering Hyderabad, INDIA
More informationSimulating bio-economic management scenarios for the sea bass (Dicentrachus labrax) fishery in France
18 th World IMACS / MODSIM Congress, Cairns, Australia 13-17 July 29 http://mssanz.org.au/modsim9 Simulating bio-eonomi management senarios for the sea bass (Dientrahus labrax) fishery in Frane Bruno Drouot
More informationDr Mohammed Elwan, Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Title: Valsalva using a syringe: pressure and variation Authors: Thornton HS 1, Elwan MH 2, Reynolds J 1, Coats TJ 1 1 Emergency Medicine Academic Group, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University
More informationRespiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics
Respiration (revised 2006) Pulmonary Mechanics PUL 1. Diagram how pleural pressure, alveolar pressure, airflow, and lung volume change during a normal quiet breathing cycle. Identify on the figure the
More informationSurvey Assessment of Semi-pelagic Gadoids: The Example of Walleye Pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, in the Eastern Bering Sea
Survey Assessment of Semi-pelagi Gadoids: The Example of Walleye Pollok, Theragra halogramma, in the Eastern Bering Sea WILLIAM A KARP and GARY E WALTERS Introdution Diret assessment provides essential
More informationOn Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Very Slow Yogic Breathing
On Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Very Slow Yogic Breathing Emil Jovanov Electrical and Computer Engineering Dept. University of Alabama in Huntsville http://www.ece.uah.edu/~jovanov
More information- 6- Key words: Valsalva Maneuver (VM), Sitting Lean Forward (SLF) position, Squatting (SQ) Position, Cardiovascular (CV) responses
Cardiovascular Responses With Valsalva Maneuver During Activities Of Daily Livings In Healthy Adults Prof. Priyanshu V. Rathod, Prof. Savita Ravindra,, Prof. Veena Kiran Nambiar R K College of Physiotherapy,
More informationCapnography in the Veterinary Technician Toolbox. Katie Pinner BS, LVT Bush Advanced Veterinary Imaging Richmond, VA
Capnography in the Veterinary Technician Toolbox Katie Pinner BS, LVT Bush Advanced Veterinary Imaging Richmond, VA What are Respiration and Ventilation? Respiration includes all those chemical and physical
More information32 days Mon Jan 15, Thu Feb 15, 2018 HIGH MODERATE LOW MINIMAL. Sensor usage (CGM) Hypoglycemia. Mahlon had a pattern of nighttime highs
Mahlon Lovett Overview Report Generated at: Thu, Feb 8, 2018 12:45 PM EST 169 62 HIGH MODERATE LOW MINIMAL 51% 42% 7% Days with CGM data Avg. alibrations per day 78% 25 / 32 1.9 1% Average gluose Standard
More informationNROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: % of grade in class
NROSCI/BIOSC 1070 and MSNBIO 2070 Exam # 2 October 28, 2016 Total POINTS: 100 20% of grade in class 1) An arterial blood sample for a patient at sea level is obtained, and the following physiological values
More information15 March 1983 ERRATUM
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVY EXPERIMENTAL DIVING UNIT PANAMA ITY, FLORIDA 32407 15 Marh 1983 ERRATUM NEDU Report 1-83: omputer Algorithms Used in omputing the MK 15/16 onstant 0.7 ATA Oxygen Partial Pressure
More informationThe following excerpt are pages from the North American Product Technical Guide, Volume 2: Anchor Fastening, Edition 16.
The following exerpt are pages from the North Amerian Produt Tehnial Guide, Volume 2: Anhor Fastening, Edition 16. Please refer to the publiation in its entirety for omplete details on this produt inluding
More informationNOAA Technical Report NESDIS 81 QUALITY CONTROL AND PROCESSING OF HISTORICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND OXYGEN DATA
NOAA Tehnial Report NESDIS 81 QUALITY CONTROL AND PROCESSING OF HISTORICAL OCEANOGRAPHIC TEMPERATURE, SALINITY, AND OXYGEN DATA Timothy Boyer and Sydney Levitus National Oeanographi Data Center Oean Climate
More informationThe following excerpt are pages from the North American Product Technical Guide, Volume 2: Anchor Fastening, Edition 16.1.
The following exerpt are pages from the North Amerian Produt Tehnial Guide, Volume 2: Anhor Fastening, Edition 16.1. Please refer to the publiation in its entirety for omplete details on this produt inluding
More informationRespiratory Signs: Tachypnea (RR>30/min), Desaturation, Shallow breathing, Use of accessory muscles Breathing sound: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crepitation.
Respiratory Signs: Tachypnea (RR>30/min), Desaturation, Shallow breathing, Use of accessory muscles Breathing sound: Wheezing, Rhonchi, Crepitation. Paradoxical breathing Hyper-resonance on percussion:
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS BETWEEN SHORT DISTANCE AND LONG DISTANCE SWIMMERS
A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RESPIRATORY PARAMETERS BETWEEN SHORT DISTANCE AND LONG DISTANCE SWIMMERS Baghel Priya PhD scholar, LNIPE, Gwalior, M.P., India ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to find out the
More informationLung Volumes and Capacities
BIOL242 Lung Volumes and Capacities Measurement of lung volumes provides a tool for understanding normal function of the lungs as well as disease states. The breathing cycle is initiated by expansion of
More informationOptic nerve sheath diameter, intracranial pressure and acute mountain sickness on Mount Everest: a longitudinal cohort study
1 Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK; 2 Royal Vitoria Infirmary, Queen Vitoria Rd, Newastle upon Tyne, UK; 3 Division of Community Health Sienes, St George
More informationVortex Interaction and Roll-Up in Unsteady Flow past Tandem Airfoils
Journal of Applied Fluid Mehanis, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 387-31, 216. Available online at www.jafmonline.net, ISSN 1735-3572, EISSN 1735-3645. Vortex Interation and Roll-p in nsteady Flow past Tandem Airfoils
More informationCollin County Community College. Lung Physiology
Collin County Community College BIOL. 2402 Anatomy & Physiology WEEK 9 Respiratory System 1 Lung Physiology Factors affecting Ventillation 1. Airway resistance Flow = Δ P / R Most resistance is encountered
More informationMechanical Ventilation
PROCEDURE - Page 1 of 5 Purpose Scope Physician's Order Indications Procedure Mechanical Artificial Ventilation refers to any methods to deliver volumes of gas into a patient's lungs over an extended period
More informationThe following excerpt are pages from the North American Product Technical Guide, Volume 2: Anchor Fastening, Edition 17.
The following exerpt are pages from the North Amerian Produt Tehnial Guide, Volume 2: Anhor Fastening, Edition 17. Please refer to the publiation in its entirety for omplete details on this produt inluding
More informationA Liter a Lung Measuring Lung Capacity
A Liter a Lung Measuring Lung Capacity OBJECTIVE In this investigation, students will compare the actual and expected vital capacities of their classmates. LEVEL Middle Grades Life Science CONNECTIONS
More informationAN UNPROTECTED human organism is not adaptable to the
JOURNAL OF AIRCRAFT Vol. 47, No. 2, Marh April 2010 Airraft Deompression with Installed Cokpit Seurity Door Nihad E. Daidzi and Matthew P. Simones Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota 56001 DOI:
More information