CADS LEVEL 2 CERTIFICATION BOOKLET

Transcription

1 CADS CADS LEVEL 2 CERTIFICATION BOOKLET CADS Mission CADS provides opportunities for people with disabilities to experience the joy of participating and competing in alpine adaptive snow sports. CADS does this by developing and promoting adaptive snow sports through partnerships, training, and instructor certification programs. CADS Vision CADS is recognized nationally and internationally for its leadership in alpine adaptive snow sports. Purpose of the CADS Technical Committee The purpose of the Technical Committee (TC) is to provide excellent technical expertise and oversight in the delivery of training programs and certification requirements for CADS Instructors thereby contributing to the growth and enjoyment of adaptive alpine sports. 1

2 Table of Contents CADS Mission... 1 CADS Vision... 1 Purpose of the CADS Technical Committee... 1 Introduction... 3 CADS Certification Levels System... 5 CADS Level 2 Requirements... 6 CADS Level 2: Visual Impairment... 7 CADS Level 2: 3 and 4 Track... 7 CADS Level 2: Sitski... 7 CADS Level 2: Autistic Syndrome Disorder and Cognitive Impairment... 7 CSIA Requirements for the CADS Level

3 Introduction The certification standards contained in this document were developed by the Technical Committee (TC) of the Canadian Association for Disabled Skiing (CADS) and approved by the CADS Board of Directors. The certification standards represent a minimum standard for Level 2 certification. The certification process may be offered as a full course over several days or in the form of modules that candidates may undertake on an individual basis. CADS Certification Course and Modules Fees: Course Fees (any level) $50 Module Fees (Any Module) 1 $20 CADS Certification Course and Modules Re-test Fees: Course re-test Fees (any level) Module re-test Fees (Any Module) 2 $TBD $TBD CADS Instructor Manual Fees: PDF 3 (non printable) $5 Printed Color Copy 4 $TBD 1 THE MODULE FEE WILL BE WAIVED for current CADS Certified Instructors who wish to complete new modules within their present level. This offer will remain in place for & Fees will apply after this grace period. 2 THE MODULE FEE WILL BE WAIVED for current CADS Certified Instructors who wish to complete new modules within their present level. This offer will remain in place for & Fees will apply after this grace period. 3 PURCHASE OF THE PDF FORMAT is mandatory with registration for a full course and/or for any module. 4 SHIPPING FEES are not included. 3

4 The CADS Technical Committee, has gathered the basic underlying principles that support the upcoming changes through consultations and surveys. The results are: Understandable; Universal (Volunteer Training and Instructor Training and Certification Standards); Best Practices (Para and Able Bodied); Educational (Competencies); Affordable; Achievable (Modular - at your own pace); Appealing/Attractive (No time limits between levels; Modular or All-inclusive (Training and Certification that you can be proud of); Meaningful (More knowledge based volunteers, instructors, course conductors, examiners and senior examiners); Flexible (No time limits between levels; Modular or All-inclusive); Fun (Training and Certification using an experiential learning approach); Cross Discipline (Inclusive Adapted snow sports including snow boarding); Bilingual; Trackable (New TC database aligned with new CADS National requirements); Address vulnerable Divisions CADS III+ certification needs; 4

5 CADS Certification Levels System 5

6 CADS Level 2 Requirements Prerequisites for CADS Level 2 Certification and Level 2 Modules: Several prerequisites must be completed or met before undertaking CADS Level 2 certification or a Level 2 Module including: If going for the CADS Level 2 Course, the candidate must: Have a current CADS Level 1 certification. Have a current CADS membership. Have completed the Level 2 CSIA requirements. If going for a CADS Level 2 Module, the candidate must: Have a current CADS Level 1 in the same module. Have a current CADS membership. Have completed the Level 2 CSIA requirements. Wherever possible class size should be kept to a maximum of 8 and a minimum of 4 candidates per Course Conductors. The Course Conductor may alter the minimum/maximum number of student. Ongoing assessment throughout the course will form the primarily basis for pass/fail. Assessment ability, skiing ability, teaching ability, and the ability to demonstrate the CSIA Gliding Experience and Technical Reference will be assessed throughout the course. If a student is borderline or needs improvement, the Course Conductor may implement an on snow ski off on a blue groomed run. All participants must then participate in the ski off. Certification Course: The CADS Level 2 Certification Course may take up to 20 hours. The Course Conductor (CC) will determine the amount of time required to bring the candidates to the required standard. Each section at Level 2 reflects a chapter presented in the CADS Instructor Manual: (teaching step 1 to 6) Visual Impairment; 3 / 4 Track; Sitski; Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cognitive Impairment; 6

7 Modular Specialist: Modules may take up to 9 hours of methodology related to teaching skiing to individuals with a disability in one discipline. Module Visual Impairment: 6 hours Module 3/4 Track; 3 hours Module Sitski; 9 hours Module Autism Spectrum Disorder and Cognitive Impairment; 6 hours At CADS Level 2 course, a candidate may choose to take the full Course which will include all modules or may choose to take one module at the time. If he chooses to take one or more modules, must have completed the same module for CADS Level 1. The candidate will be designated a Certified CADS Level 2 when the certification course, or all modules separately, have been passed. The candidate will be designated a Specialist Level 2 instructor in (name of the module) when one or more, but not all of the modules are passed. A candidate who undertakes the Full CADS Level 2 Certification Course and does not meet the standard for one or more disciplines will receive: Needs Improvement. The candidate will only have to re-do the section(s) highlighted for improvement. A fee will be charged to the candidate for the re-test. A candidate who registers for a CADS Level 2 Module and does not meet the required standard will receive: Needs Improvement. The candidate will only have to re-do the section highlighted for improvement. A fee will be charged to the candidate for the re-test. EXAM REQUIREMENTS In addition there will be two (2) teaching exams on snow: A. One as selected by the Course Conductor. B. One drawn from a hat but not the same as the one chosen by the Course Conductor 7

8 CADS Requirements Introduction AOT principle On Snow Teaching On Snow Teaching Exam Equipment Types of disabilities and their affects on individuals in a mountain setting. Indoor setting in depth discussion of the various disabilities in each of the modules. Observe individual participation. Approach and teach persons with disabilities physiology. The CC would recognize the attitude of the students do they achieve an understanding of how to work with the disabled in any scenario. Application and demonstration of understanding of the AOT principle for assessing students. Be able to show for every module the ability to perform AOT and to use the results. Teaching sequence would begins with student evaluation (AOT) using the manual section for the disability and continue from there on snow. Monitor assessment of abilities leading to development goals and use of applicable tactics. The CC must identify that the prospective CADS Level 2 instructor possesses the required knowledge through their demonstrations and verbal communication in each discipline. In addition the CC must evaluate the student with respect to proper use of language (English or French), proper attitude, preparation, use of proper body language, eye contact. Understands the equipment, how to use it, how it works with the various disciplines. Demonstrate how to adjust the equipment to fit 8

9 CADS Requirements SITSKI the student. Tethering loaded Sitski Monitor tethering technique for correct placement of tetherer; Anticipate the initiation of a turn; Flow and rhythm of the skiing sequence using skidded wedge and carved turns as required. The candidate must be able to demonstrate the ability to move between skidded, carved turns & wedged turns exhibiting the skills without impeding the flow of the Sitski. Skiing a Sitski Candidate must be able to ski a Sitski showing speed control, ability to sideslip on both sides, ability to make different radius turns on a green groomed slope. 9

10 CADS Level 2: Visual Impairment The aim of this document is to give the new prospective Level 2 Ski Instructor important information regarding the new standards and knowledge required at this level. These requirements are closely linked to the CSIA sessions you have received as well as what is in the VI module in the CADS Instructor Manual 10

11 CADS Level 2: Visual Impairment (VI) What will be covered in this CADS Level 2 module: 1. Assessment of Abilities; 2. Teaching Aids; 3. Teaching Techniques; 4. Tethering Techniques 5. Lift Procedures; 6. Safety; With the Level 2 it is expected that the candidate will demonstrate a higher degree of knowledge about each section and will also demonstrate a higher degree of application on hill. 1. Assessment of Abilities - knowledge/demonstration o Static / dynamic indoor/outdoor. o Candidate has to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the assessment of ability as an ongoing process (indoor and outdoor). o The individual may use Q-cards. At CADS Level 2, the testing for the AOT will involve the following: The instructor begins at the appropriate starting point the Student Medical Sheet. The instructor is able to ask the appropriate questions: Look for the what, why, where, when, how when applicable in each step. The instructor defines skier/student characteristics that will impact the skiing. The Instructor continues the use of AOT while on snow and during the lesson. 2. Teaching Aids knowledge/demonstration o Use of hands to Guide. o Equipment for teaching discussion during demonstrations - thorough knowledge. o Guiding Techniques - in Lodge and on hill. o From the Sitski section of the CADS Instructor Manual perform the 11 tethering techniques on hill using other participants. 11

12 At CADS Level 2, the testing for the Teaching Aids will involve the following: Guide in the lodge. Hands to guide on snow / skiing backwards. Voice Front guiding / without hands / skiing backwards. Voice guiding from back. Equipment for teaching. Tethering a stand up skier (using harness). 3. Teaching Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o Ski Techniques Instructor must have a thorough understanding of the Gliding Experience and the Technical Reference and be able to explain and demonstrate the content of each using appropriate tactics. Although the 5 skills are not required to be demonstrated individually the instructor requires good knowledge of each and where and how they occur in the turning arc. o Demonstration of the skills using the Gliding Experience and Technical Reference must take place while performing Steps 1 to 6 - from the CADS Instructor Manual VI section on a green slope (could be the magic carpet area) progressing to blue slopes while providing specific tactics for skill development and improvement. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Ski Techniques will involve the following: CSIA Gliding Performance and Technical reference will form the basis of the teaching for CADS steps 1-6. The candidate will be assessed as to their Technical Ability and Teaching Performance utilizing the CSIA requirements. Steps 1 to 6 with hands or voice guiding CADS Instructor Manual. Skiing backwards while linking turns on both green and blue groomed slopes. 4. Tethering Techniques - knowledge/demonstration o From the Sitski section of the CADS Instructor Manual perform the 11 tethering techniques on hill using other participants. At CADS Level 1, the testing for Tethering Techniques will involve the following: Knowledge as to how to use tethers and actual use of tethers. Skills displayed while practice tethering. Ability to properly tether a person who is standing on skis or snowboard on a groomed green slope. 12

13 5. Lift Procedures knowledge/demonstration Individual has to demonstrate his/her understanding and ability when approaching and within a lift line as well as: Loading and unloading a chairlift, riding a T bar/magic carpet etc. Lift evacuation procedures. Communication with lift attendants. At CADS Level 2, the testing for the Lift Procedures will involve the following: Procedures, explanation, when approaching a lift line (maze). Procedures and ability with verbal direction, when loading a chairlift, riding in the chair and unloading, including communication with lift attendants. Also for magic carpet/t bar if applicable. Explanation of lift evacuation procedures. 6. Safety - knowledge/demonstration o Discussion during set up and during demonstrations on hill: Safe procedures when working with a person with VI. Be aware of their surroundings and traffic at all times. Be aware that the assessment is crucial for the outcome of the ski lesson safety. Continuous discussion of safety aspects throughout the lesson. o Has the instructor missed an important point (or more) that will have a Safety consequence? o Communication with the lift attendant clear and using the proper language. o Knowledge of Alpine Responsibility Code. o Discussion of the Duty of Care. o Monitor Fatigue level. Note to the Course Conductor The Course Conductor must be prepared to demonstrate teaching an individual with a visual impairment during the course. However, it is candidate s abilities that will be evaluated when he teaches, and therefore you must teach the teacher how to teach! 13

14 CADS Level 2: 3 and 4 Track The aim of this document is to give the new prospective Level 2 Ski Instructor important information regarding the new standards and knowledge required at this level. These requirements are closely linked to the CSIA sessions you have received as well as what is in the 3 and 4 Track 14 section in the CADS Instructor Manual.

15 CADS Level 2: 3 AND 4 TRACK What will be covered in the 3/4 Track CADS Level 2 Module: 1. Assessment of Abilities; 2. Teaching Aids; 3. Teaching Techniques; 4. Tethering Techniques; 5. Lift Procedures; 6. Safety; With the Level 2 it is expected that the candidate will demonstrate a higher degree of knowledge about each section and will also demonstrate a higher degree of application on hill. 1. Assessment of Abilities AOT - knowledge/demonstration o Static/dynamic indoor/outdoor. o Individual has to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the assessment of ability as an ongoing process (indoor and outdoor). o With 4 track students the instructor must observe and ask appropriate questions and tests to determine the lowest possible joint that can be used for skiing direction change. o The individual may use Q-cards. At CADS Level 2, the testing for AOT will involve the following: The instructor begins at the appropriate starting point the Student Medical Sheet. The instructor is able to ask the appropriate questions: Look for the what, why, where, when, how when applicable in each step. The instructor defines skier strengths/challenge that will impact their skiing. The instructor can find the critical joint (when they exist). The Instructor continues the use of AOT while on snow and during the lesson. 2. Teaching Aids knowledge/demonstration o Equipment usage discussion during demonstrations. o Demonstrate thorough knowledge of adjusting outriggers for proper use and student success. o Should be able to adequately adjust outriggers for 3 and 4 Track. 15

16 At CADS Level 2, the testing for the Teaching Aids will involve the following: Ability to define and describe the adjustment of outriggers to match the individual and ensure success. Ability to demonstrate the use of outriggers for support with stopping and turning while giving verbal description. 3. Teaching Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o Ski Techniques Instructor must have an understanding of the Gliding Experience and the Technical Reference and be able to explain and demonstrate the content of each using appropriate tactics. o Demonstration of the skills within the Gliding Experience and Technical Reference must take place while performing Steps 1-6 -From the CADS Instructor Manual for 3 and 4 Track section. Starting on easy terrain (could be the magic carpet area). o Using blue intermediate groomed slopes, provide demonstrations, tactics and verbal description for skill development and improvement. o For 4 Track, if there is not a mobile joint available below the hip, then swivelling of the hips to turn and/or complete rotation to turn must be taught. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Teaching Techniques will involve the following: CSIA Gliding Experience and Technical Reference will form the basis of the teaching for CADS steps 1-6. The candidate will be assessed as to their technical ability and teaching performance utilizing the CSIA requirements. This will be marked continuously during the course and will form part of the basis for pass/fail. Perform Steps 1 to 6 CADS Instructor Manual 3 and 4 Track section, green to blue groomed slopes, linked turns. Describe in detail the teaching of Steps 1-6 while demonstrating utilizing the CSIA methodology. Apply Assessment and Development techniques for candidate improvement by introducing appropriate tactics, demonstrations and explanations to achieve a defined goal. Demonstration of linking turns on intermediate blue groomed slopes, while giving description of what is taking place. For 4 Track this may mean using a swivelling action in the hips or complete rotation of the body if no mobile joint below the hips is available. Both actions must be demonstrated. Ability to ski backwards, linking turns on green and blue slopes while giving explanations. 16

17 4. Tethering techniques - knowledge/demonstration At CADS Level 2, the testing for Tethering Techniques will involve the following: Knowledge as to how to use tethers and actual use of tethers. Skills displayed while practice tethering. Ability to properly tether a 4 Track person who is standing on skis on a groomed green slope. 5. Lift Procedures knowledge/demonstration o Candidate has to demonstrate their understanding and ability when approaching and within a lift line or maze as well as: Loading/unloading a chairlift, riding a T bar/magic carpet etc. Lift evacuation procedures. Communication with lift attendants. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Lift Procedures will involve the following: Procedures with explanation when approaching and within a lift line or maze. Procedures and explanation when approaching a chair, riding in the chair and unloading. Also for magic carpet/t bar if applicable. Explanation of lift evacuation procedures. 6. Safety knowledge/demonstration o Fatigue Discuss and define how to recognize and deal with on hill. o Discussion during set up and during demonstrations on hill: Safe procedures when working with a 3 or 4 Track skier. Be aware of their surroundings and traffic at all times. Be aware that the assessment is crucial for the outcome of the ski lesson safety. Continuous discussion of safety aspects throughout the lesson. o Knowledge of Alpine Responsibility Code. o Discussion of Duty of care. o Communication with the lift attendant clear and using the proper language. o Discuss and define how to recognize and deal with on hill fatigue and hypothermia symptoms. o Has the instructor missed a critical point (or more) that will have a Safety implication? Note to the Course Conductor : The Course Conductor must be prepared to demonstrate teaching an individual with a 3 and 4 Track during the course. However, it is candidate s abilities that will be evaluated when he teaches, and therefore you must teach the teacher how to teach! 17

18 CADS Level 2: Sitski The aim of this document is to give the new prospective Level 2 Ski Instructor important information regarding the new standards and knowledge required at this level. These requirements are closely linked to the CSIA sessions you have received as well as what is in the Sitski module in the CADS Instructor Manual. 18

19 CADS Level 2: Sitski What will be covered in this CADS Level 2 module: 1. Assessment of Abilities; 2. Teaching Aids; 3. Teaching Techniques; 4. Tethering Techniques; 5. Lift Procedures; 6. Skiing a Sitski; 7. Safety; With the Level 2 it is expected that the candidate will demonstrate a higher degree of knowledge about each section and will also demonstrate a higher degree of application on hill. 1. Assessment of Abilities AOT - knowledge/demonstration o Static/dynamic indoor/outdoor. o Individual has to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the assessment of ability as an ongoing process (indoor and outdoor). o The individual may use Q-cards. At CADS Level 2, the testing for AOT will involve the following: The instructor begins at the appropriate starting point the Student Medical Sheet. The instructor is able to ask the appropriate questions: Look for the what, why, where, when, how when applicable in each step. The instructor defines skier strengths/challenge that will impact their skiing. The Instructor continues the use of AOT while on snow and during the lesson. 2. Teaching Aids knowledge/demonstration o Equipment usage : demonstrate knowledge of Sitski parts, adjustments, straps and outriggers, use and application of tethers, o Discuss and perform the dowel test on an unloaded Sitski. o Discuss use and set up of tethers. 19

20 At CADS Level 2, the testing for the Teaching Aids will involve the following: Demonstrate the Dowel test on an empty Sitski Ability to define and describe the parts of the Sitski. Demonstrate the adjustment of outriggers to match the individual and ensure success. Demonstrate the proper setting and strapping technique. Demonstrate the proper setting of the evacuation strap. Define the use of tethers; how to use them and the proper set up for use on a Sitski or other piece of equipment. 3. Teaching Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o Ski Techniques CSIA Gliding Experience and Technical Reference the Instructor must be able to name them, explain each skill in detail and where and how they should occur in the turn arc. o Using specific tactic demonstrate the skills while performing turns on a groomed green/blue run. o Perform assessment/development options with tactics for improvement. o Discuss a lesson plan. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Teaching Techniques will involve the following: Ability to demonstrate an understanding and application of the Gliding Experience and Technical Reference during class demonstrations. Ability to teach and perform Steps 1 to 6 using the CADS Instructor Manual for Sitski section on green beginner slopes. The instructor follows a lesson plan and demonstrates the ability to adapt it, as needed as the lesson progress. Ability to identify areas of major problems for the Sitskier ski improvement who has good or limited upper muscular body control and ideas on tactics to enable them to change for success. Ability to teach a quad skier on a beginner or green slope. Ability to perform Bucketing or Thumbing of a Biski on a beginner or green slope. 4. Tethering Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o Ability to operate a Sitski of choice on a groomed green run linking turns. o Tether an occupied Quadski on a groomed green / blue slope (if appropriate). o Tether an occupied Sitski on a groomed blue slope linking turns down the slope. 20

21 At CADS Level 2, the testing for Tethering Techniques will involve the following: Ability to properly tether a loaded Sitski while linking turns on groomed green / blue slope. Knowledge as to how to use tethers and actual use of tethers. Skills displayed while practice tethering. Ability to thumb a Sitski linking turns on a groomed green slope. 5. Lift Procedures knowledge/demonstration o Individual has to demonstrate an understanding and ability when approaching and within a lift line by providing verbal cues as well as: Demonstrate or explain technique of loading / unloading a chairlift, riding a T bar/magic carpet etc. Define lift evacuation procedures. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Lift Procedures will involve the following: Demonstrate with explanations the procedure while on the chair, T bar or magic carpet. Demonstrate with explanations the procedure for lift evacuation. Utilize proper directive communications with lift attendant for loading and unloading the Sitski. Procedures and explanations when approaching and within a lift line, maze. Procedures, explanations and ability when getting into a chair, riding in the chair and unloading. Also for magic carpet/t bar if applicable. 6. Skiing a Sitki; o Ability to demonstrate speed control and various turn shapes on a green groomed slope. o Ability to sideslip on both sides on a green runs. 7. Safety - knowledge/demonstration o Discussion during set up and during demonstrations on hill: Safe procedures when working with a sitskier. Be aware of their surroundings and traffic at all times. Be aware that the assessment is crucial for the outcome of the ski lesson safety. Continuous discussion of safety aspects throughout the lesson. o Knowledge of Alpine Responsibility Code. o Discussion of Duty of care. o Communication with the lift attendant clear, using the proper language? o Discuss and define how to recognize and deal with on hill fatigue and hypothermia symptoms. o Has the instructor missed a critical point (or more) that will have a Safety implication? o Be aware of Signs of hypothermia and fatigue. 21

22 Note to the Course Conductor The Course Conductor must be prepared to demonstrate teaching an individual using a Sitski during the course. However, it is candidate s abilities that will be evaluated when he teaches, and therefore you must teach the teacher how to teach! 22

23 CADS Level 2: Autistic Syndrome Disorder and Cognitive Impairment The aim of this document is to give the new prospective Level 2 Ski Instructor important information regarding the new standards and knowledge required at this level. These requirements are closely linked to the CSIA sessions you have received as well as what is in the Autistic Syndrome Disorder and Cognitive Impairment section in the CADS Instructor Manual. 23

24 CADS Level 2: Autistic Syndrome Disorder and Cognitive Impairment What will be covered in this ASD and CI CADS Level 2module: 1. Assessment of Abilities; 2. Teaching Aids; 3. Teaching Techniques; 4. Tethering Techniques; 5. Lift Procedures; 6. Safety; With the Level 2 it is expected that the candidate will demonstrate a higher degree of knowledge about each section and will also demonstrate a higher degree of application on hill. 1. Assessment of Abilities AOT - knowledge/demonstration o Understand importance of communications, behaviours, comprehension and motor difficulties/challenge. o Static/dynamic indoor/outdoor. o Individual has to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the assessment of ability as an ongoing process (indoor and outdoor). o The individual may use Q-cards. At CADS Level 2, the testing for AOT will involve the following: For ASD: Does the instructor begin at the appropriate starting point the Student Medical Sheet? Ask- Does the instructor use the Assessment checklist. Ability of the instructor to identify: Communication / attention / ability to follow multiple steps directions / excited / hyper-hypo reactivity / anxiety / motor planning skills (balance-toe walklaterality) / muscle tone. For CI: Does the instructor begin at the appropriate starting point the Student Medical Sheet? Ask- Does the instructor use the Assessment checklist. Ability of the instructor to identify: Communication / attention / ability to follow multiple steps 24

25 directions / excited / hyper-hypo reactivity / anxiety / motor planning skills (balance-toe walklaterality) / muscle tone. Same for both ASD and CI The instructor is able to ask the appropriate questions: Look for the what, why, where, when, how when applicable in each step. The Instructor continues the use of AOT while on snow and during the lesson. 2. Teaching Aids knowledge /demonstration o Equipment usage discussion during demonstrations. o Use of tether with a standing skier. o Any communication aids that is involved with individual with ASD and /or CI. o Create a lesson with pictogram, while teaching a specific step for an individual with ASD or CI. At CADS Level 2, the testing for the Teaching Aids will involve the following: Pictogram knowledge. Basic knowledge of sign language. Create a lesson with pictogram, while teaching a specific step for an individual with ASD or CI. Knowledge of tethering a person who is standing. 3. Teaching Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o Ski Techniques Instructor must have a good understanding of the Gliding Experience and the Technical Reference and be able to explain and demonstrate the content of each using appropriate tactics. o Although the 5 skills are not required to be demonstrated individually the instructor requires good knowledge of each and where and how they occur in the turning arc. o Demonstration of the skills within the Gliding Experience and Technical Reference must take place while performing Steps 1-6 from the CADS Instructor Manual for ASD/CI section. Using beginner area or easy (green) terrain, provide demonstrations, and verbal description for skill development and improvement. At CADS Level 2, the testing Teaching Techniques will involve the following: Ability to demonstrate an understanding and application of the Gliding Experience and Technical Reference during class demonstrations. Ability to teach steps 1 6 for the ASD / CI discipline as outlined in the CADS Instructor Manual. Identify areas for ski improvement and tactics for development. 25

26 4. Tethering Techniques knowledge/ demonstration o From the Sitski section of the CADS Instructor Manual perform the 11 tethering techniques on hill using other participants. o Demonstrate the communication skill used for an individual with ASD /CI when using tether to control safety and speed. o Demonstrate the communication skill used for an individual with ASD / CI when the tether to control safety and speed you have been using are not needed anymore. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Tethering Techniques will involve the following: Knowledge as to how to use tethers and actual use of tethers. Skills displayed while practice tethering. Ability to properly tether a person who is standing on skis on a groomed green slope. Demonstrate the communication skill used with ASD and for CI when using tether to control safety and speed. Demonstrate the communication skill used with ASD and for CI when the tether to control safety and speed you have been using are not needed anymore. 5. Lift Procedures knowledge/demonstration o Individual has to demonstrate an understanding and ability when approaching and within a lift line by providing verbal cues as well as: Demonstrate technique of loading / unloading a chairlift, riding a T bar/magic carpet etc. Knowledge of lift evacuation procedures. At CADS Level 2, the testing for Lift Procedures will involve the following: Demonstrate preparation of participant for loading onto chair, T bar or magic carpet. Demonstrate with explanation loading onto chair, T bar or magic carpet. Demonstrate with explanations the procedure on the chair, T bar or magic carpet. Demonstrate with explanations the procedure for lift evacuation. 26

27 6. Safety knowledge/demonstration o Discussion during set up and during demonstrations on hill: Safe procedures when working with a ASD/CI skier. Be aware of their surroundings and traffic at all times. Be aware that the assessment is crucial for the outcome of the ski lesson safety. Continuous discussion of safety aspects throughout the lesson. o Knowledge of Alpine Responsibility Code. o Discussion of Duty of care. o Communication with the lift attendant clear and using the proper language? o Discuss and define how to recognize and deal with on hill fatigue and hypothermia symptoms. o Has the instructor missed a critical point (or more) that will have a Safety implication? Note to the Course Conductor The Course Conductor must be prepared to demonstrate teaching an individual with ASD or CI during the course. However, it is candidate s abilities that will be evaluated when he teaches, and therefore you must teach the teacher how to teach! 27

28 CADS CSIA Requirements for the CADS Level 2 CADS Technical Committee 28

29 CSIA Portion of CADS Level 2 Certification Requirements for CADS Level 2 Prospective Instructor Certification. Note1: There are no specific hours attached to this session. It is suggested that it may take up to 12 hours to cover the material and have the candidate achieve standard. Note2: There will be no pass or fail. A marking grid will be maintained for the CSIA portion and will be given to the candidate with any comments for increased learning and improvement prior to taking the CADS Level 2 Certification Course. The following are the requirements for the CSIA portion for the CADS Level 2 Certification. They must be taken prior to the CADS Certification Course. These CSIA requirements contained below will be examined during the CADS Level 2 Certification course itself and if lacking could be the basis of a fail. It is therefore suggested that these requirements be pursued diligently. The Gliding Experience The Gliding Experience works around four objectives and using them instructors develop skills through a variety of tactical, student-centered activities. The Gliding Experience moves away from step-based and technically focused traditions and replaces the previous Fast Track to Parallel progression. Mobility in the skiing environment. This will include first contact with skiing and equipment. It will move from experiencing the equipment in a static environment to moving on the flats and moving on a green groomed slope. It will then move to movements on blue groomed slopes. Gliding with comfort and balance. This will include those movements on flats, green groomed runs and blue groomed runs. Direction change for control and rhythm. Again this will begin on the flats, move to green groomed runs and ultimately to blue groomed runs and parallel turns. Speed management control, maintain or increase as desired. 29

30 The Gliding Experience This will be experienced on green groomed runs and will progress to blue groomed runs while linking parallel turns. Terrain Assisted Development o Instructors can use terrain features and contours to make learning to ski a game. o Use of rolls, sides of ditches, short steep sections of groomed run and so on can be used for development. The Technical Reference The CSIA Technical Reference is a set of guiding principles that describe the relationship between body and skis for efficient and effective skiing. The Technical Reference pertains to all abilities, ages, terrain and equipment and is relevant to all turn shapes, speeds and levels of performance. Base the technical content of the session on the following points: Turning is led by the lower body o Develop turning of the legs in the hip sockets. View the steering of the skis in a continuous arc. View a quiet upper body. Managing separation and edging with angulation o Turning with the lower body will create a break with the upper body. Angulation will allow this break to continue while steering through the arc. It also allows angulation to provide grip. Maintaining centered mobile stance o Balance is crucial for effective skiing. A stance that is centered between the bindings with the correct amount of flexion in the joints will provide a centered but mobile stance. Mobile is required to meet the changes developing by moving on a slope. Coordinated movement patterns for turn linking o Flow is the goal. A coordinated movement pattern (flexion, extension, lateral, inclination, angulation) with the correct place and timing will yield a continuous edged turning arc. 30

31 The development tools to achieve the Technical Reference are tactics that utilize the five skills (stance/balance; pivot; edging; pressure control and timing/coordination). The skills themselves are not taught specifically at Level 2. The skills however have to be well understood by the Course Conductor and subsequently the Instructor in order to select the proper tactics. DEVELOPMENT SCALE INITIATION TECHNICAL ABILITY First contact with skill or activity. Learner may have no idea what to do. ACQUISITION The skier coordinates and executes the key components (Technical Reference) of the movement in the correct order. Execution is inconsistent and lacks precision. Cautious execution by skier. Rough form, lacks synchronization, rhythm and flow. CONSOLIDATION Coordination of movements appears. Controlled and rhythmical execution of task under stable conditions. Some performance elements are maintained, but are inconsistent when skier is under pressure, conditions change or demands increase. Pole plan. To meet standard for Ski Ability at CADS Level 2, the instructor must acquire the Consolidation level. 31

32 TECHNICAL ASSESSMENT Performance Criteria for Consolidation level General performance criteria for Intermediate parallel on groomed blue terrain: Objective: Maintain intermediate speeds. Blend skills to achieve a steered, edged arc. Maintain consistent turn shape relative to speed and terrain. Technique: Lead the turning effort with the lower body. Manage separation for angulation to provide grip. Use all joints to maintain a centered stance. Coordinate movement patterns for efficient turn linking and flow. Demonstrations: (maintaining technical performance criteria above): Show a centered stance and mobility in joints while using more speed. Balance laterally from foot to foot while skating. Show stance and edge grip. Gliding: (blue slope) Choose terrain suitable of gliding to a stop without braking. Adjust edging of the skis to illustrate side slipping or a skidded arc. Demonstrate balance sliding while centered in the middle of the ski. Direction Change: (blue slope) Tailors turn shape to student ability. Demonstrate turn linking without flat spot between turns. Demonstrate some rhythm and flow to the turn sequence. Mobility: (blue slope) Illustrate a centered stance and mobility in the joints. Skate on skis and demonstrate and ability to balance. Demonstrate edge grip. Speed Management: Demonstrate a snowplow or wedge stance. Demonstrate ability to stop in a parallel stance (hockey stop). Changes turn shape to terrain for speed management. 32

33 At Level 2 the pole plant will be introduced and the student will experiment with it with guidance from the Course Conductor. The pole plant has several benefits: it assists with balance and creates a larger BOS: assists with timing of the movements. Pole Plant The pole plant takes place at the end of the turn to establish balance over the edges; Pole basket should move forward on an arc as the turn is progressing so that it is ready to plant; The pole can have some weight on it to stabilize the upper body and prevent rotation; Once planted, ski past the pole and then ready it to move forward into the next arc; The pole movement will assist rhythm; During skiing or demonstration sequences the instructor must demonstrate the continuous movement of the pole basket through the arc as the turn is progressing; the correct timing of the pole plant; balance over the ski edges and no rotation once the pole is planted. 33

34 Teaching Although no teaching exam will be performed during the CSIA session, the candidate must understand and have knowledge of Basic Teaching Methodology. This area will be tested during the Level 2 CADS Certification Course. Basic teaching methodology 1. Learning Contract: The starting point for all decisions is the learning contract shared by the instructor and learner. By considering the learner s experience, objectives, and physical and psychological factors, the instructor builds student centered activities tailored to each learner. This position is the use of AOT in the CADS session. The candidate will demonstrate an ability to seek out areas in the student for improvement and institute a tactic for improvement and development. The candidate will provide for the students, easy to see and follow demonstrations while explaining what the candidate should discover. The candidate will provide positive feedback during teaching sequences and seek out student input. The candidate will demonstrate clear, concise verbal communication of ideas that are required in the teaching sequence. 2. Situation: The situation is always a factor in decision-making. Terrain, conditions and a safe learning environment are constant considerations for the instructor. Naturally occurring and man-made terrain features provide opportunities for terrain-assisted development. The candidate will demonstrate and state issues of safety during class sequences. The candidate will choose appropriate terrain for success. The candidate will demonstrate class organization and movement about the hill with proper verbal directions. 3. Skiing Objective: Learning activities are built around four skiing objectives (Mobility, Gliding, Direction change, Speed management) prioritized according to student needs and changing situations. These focus is on managing the skiing environment instead of technical aspects. The candidate will define and demonstrate their ability to teach a skiing objective based on the student and situation. 4. Motor Skill Development: Motor skill development guides the choice and use of activities. Through observation (AOT), the instructor determines tasks for the learner, decides how much 34

35 repetition and practice time is needed, and uses their situational and technical knowledge to vary tasks for fun and learning. The candidate will create an appropriate task for the skill level to be achieved. This assessment of Ski Ability and knowledge of CSIA Gliding Experience and Technical Reference will take place throughout the duration of the CADS Level 2 Certification sessions both during any warm up or free ski runs and while performing demonstrations. The candidate must also demonstrate their ability to ski backwards on green and blue groomed runs while linking turns, 35

36 Background Information The development tools to achieve the Technical Reference are tactics that incorporate the following skills. The skills themselves however are not taught specifically at Level 2. However the skills have to be fully understood by the Course Conductor in order to select the proper tactics. A. Five Skills with Tactics: Stance and Balance - tactics Proper stance for balance has flexed ankle, knee and hip, hands forward and to the side (holding a large beach ball). When performed one should achieve nose over toes. Stance is not static flex/extend while moving hop or step through the arc for balance. If sitting back on heels hands on knees, pole tips dragging at front binding. If leaning uphill (weight on uphill ski) reach down and touch side of boot on downhill(outside) ski; holding pole like a sword, reach downhill and drag pole basket on snow. Pivot - tactics The act of pivoting the skis is by turning the leg in the hip socket. Watch that tip and tail move equally in opposite directions. Use small hop to pivot skis. Pivot is accomplished when ski is flat and not on edge. Edging - tactics When the ski is tipped over the ski edge will engage. A wedge turn will give the feel of edging. Hockey stops, sideslip. Pressure Control - tactics Ski over rolls or moguls to feel pressure build up and decrease. Hop to relieve pressure. Timing and Coordination tactics Ski synchro on easy groomed terrain; play with pole plant. B. Tactics Below are many tactics for student use. They are by no means the only tactics that can be employed in a given situation. Candidates are encouraged to compile their own list for use in teaching scenarios. Use poles, swiffers/brushes, and cones for slalom course. Serpentine turns. Minimum slope maximum speed minimum number of turns to increase speed. Hopping, picking up uphill (inside) ski. Hands on knees, on outside of downhill knee, flex and extend while turning. 36

37 Skiing backwards on gentle slope moving to intermediate slope. Flex and extend using rolls, humps etc. Encourage small jumps over small rollers. Use side hills to ski on. Use 360 turns. Reach down on outside ski to boot tops and feel ski edges engaging. C. Technical basics Understanding terminology COM Centre of Mass average position of mass of a body usually inside a body but not always e.g. a donut COM is in hole not a fixed point changes with shape based on body shape males usually located around the area of the navel (belly button) female usually lower towards the hips. BOS Base of Support basically stance wide stance more stable than narrow stance pole plant increases size of BOS use BOS for changes while skiing (feet). Forces in skiing. Gravity as in life it is vertical but on a slope is both vertical and parallel to the slope. Friction Caused by the movement of two surfaces rubbing together skis and snow. Centrifugal an object moving in an arc wants to move out of the arc e.g. ball on a string swung round the head undo the string and the ball moves away from the intended arc. Steering Angle angle between where the ski is going and where one wants the ski to go created by pivoting the ski to a new direction. Counter rotation created by turning the legs under the hip and upper body so that the skis continue to move on the arc while the upper body faces the tangent of the arc. Edge angle angle created between the ski and the snow by tipping the ski on edge. Pivot the act of turning the leg in the hip socket which in turn turns the ski to a new steering angle. Pressure the forces acting on the bottom of the skis relieved by hopping controlled by flexing and extending the body. Timing & Coordination blending the skills at the correct time and place through the turning arc. Stance and Balance the joint positions of stacking the body over the BOS. Carving turning the skis so that the tail of the ski on edge follows the exact path of the tip of the ski. Fall line located on hill path a basketball would follow down the hill if released many and different fall lines on a single hill. Skidded skis skis that are slightly on edge but are allowed to move across the snow sideways. Steering the act of directing the skis through a continuous arc steering is a combination of pivoting, edging and pressure control through an arc. 37

38 Wedge skis are placed with tips together and tails apart as they move on the slope. Linking referred to turns as in going from one turn immediately to the next. Inclination leaning of the body against external forces. Angulation angles formed between body segments such as ankle, knee and hip and torso. 38