Review: Processor Pipelining (1/2) CS61C L22 CPU Design : Pipelining to Improve Performance II (6) Review: Pipeline (2/2)

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1 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (1) i.c.bkly.u/~c61c CS61C : Machi Sucu Lcu #22 CPU Dig: Pipliig o mpov Pfomac Sco Bam, uco Rviw: Poco Pipliig (1/2) Pipli gi a a o h aapah/cooll o aly ivi h igl cycl poco io pipli ag. pimal Pipli Each ag i xcuig pa of a iucio ach clock cycl. i. fiih uig ach clock cycl. avag, xcu fa mo quickly. Wha mak hi wok wll? Similaii bw iucio allow u o u am ag fo all iucio (gally). Each ag ak abou h am amou of im a all oh: lil wa im. CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (2) Rviw: Pipli (2/2) Pipliig i a BG DEA wily u cocp Wha mak i l ha pfc? Sucual haza: Coflic fo ouc. Suppo w ha oly o cach? N mo HW ouc Cool haza: Bach iucio ffc which iucio com x. Dlay bach Daa haza: Daa flow bw iucio. Fowaig CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (3) Gaphical Pipli Rpaio ( Rg, igh half highligh a, lf half wi) $ Rg Loa $ Rg A $ Rg So $ Rg Sub $ Rg CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (4) Cool Haza: Bachig (1/8) bq $ Rg $ Rg $ Rg $ Wh o w o h compa fo h bach? Rg $ Rg Cool Haza: Bachig (2/8) W ha pu bach ciio-makig hawa i ag hfo wo mo iucio af h bach will alway b fch, whh o o h bach i ak Di fucioaliy of a bach if w o o ak h bach, o wa ay im a coiu xcuig omally if w ak h bach, o xcu ay iucio af h bach, ju go o h i labl CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (5) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (6)

2 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (7) Cool Haza: Bachig (3/8) iial Soluio: Sall uil ciio i ma i o-op iucio (ho ha accomplih ohig, ju ak im) o hol up h fch of h x iucio (fo 2 cycl). Dawback: bach ak 3 clock cycl ach (aumig compaao i pu i ag) Cool Haza: Bachig (4/8) pimizaio #1: i pcial bach compaao i Sag 2 a oo a iucio i co (pco iifi i a a bach), immialy mak a ciio a h w valu of h PC Bfi: ic bach i compl i Sag 2, oly o ucay iucio i fch, o oly o o-op i Si No: Thi ma ha bach a il i Sag 3, 4 a 5. CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (8) Cool Haza: Bachig (5/8) Cool Haza: Bachig (6a/8) bq $ Rg $ Rg $ Rg $ Bach compaao mov o Dco ag. Rg $ Rg U iig o-op iucio a bq op lw $ Rg $ Rg bl bl $ bl bl bl Rg mpac: 2 clock cycl p bach iucio low CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (9) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (10) Cool Haza: Bachig (6b/8) Cool Haza: Bachig (7/8) Cooll iig a igl bl a bq lw $ Rg $ Rg bl $ Rg mpac: 2 clock cycl p bach iucio low pimizaio #2: Rfi bach l fiiio: if w ak h bach, o of h iucio af h bach g xcu by acci Nw fiiio: whh o o w ak h bach, h igl iucio immialy followig h bach g xcu (call h bach-lay lo) Th m Dlay Bach ma w alway xcu i af bach Thi opimizaio i u o h MPS CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (11) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (12)

CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (13) Cool Haza: Bachig (8/8) No o Bach-Dlay Slo Wo-Ca Scaio: ca alway pu a o-op i h bach-lay lo B Ca:

ma i o o fi iucio o o hi uually ca fi uch a iucio a la 50% of h im Jump alo hav a lay lo Exampl: Nolay v.

$1,$11 xo $10, $1,$11 Exi: Exi: CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (14) u-of- Lauy: Do Wai Supcala Lauy: Paalll p ag T a k 6 PM 7 8 9 10

PM 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 AM A B C D E F 3030 30 30 30 Mo ouc, HW o mach mix of paalll ak?

Lauy: Mimach Mix T a k 6 PM 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 AM A B C D Tim 3030 30 30 30 30 30 (ligh clohig) (ligh clohig) (ak clohig) (ligh clohig) Tak mix

3 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (13) Cool Haza: Bachig (8/8) No o Bach-Dlay Slo Wo-Ca Scaio: ca alway pu a o-op i h bach-lay lo B Ca: ca fi a iucio pcig h bach which ca b plac i h bach-lay lo wihou affcig flow of h pogam -oig iucio i a commo mho of pig up pogam compil mu b vy ma i o o fi iucio o o hi uually ca fi uch a iucio a la 50% of h im Jump alo hav a lay lo Exampl: Nolay v. Dlay Bach Nolay Bach Dlay Bach o $8, $9,$10 a $1,$2,$3 a $1,$2,$3 ub $4, $5,$6 ub $4, $5,$6 bq $1, $4, Exi bq $1, $4, Exi o $8, $9,$10 xo $10, $1,$11 xo $10, $1,$11 Exi: Exi: CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (14) u-of- Lauy: Do Wai Supcala Lauy: Paalll p ag T a k 6 PM AM A B C D E F bl A p o D; coiu; mo ouc o allow ou-of-o CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (15) Tim T a k 6 PM AM A B C D E F Mo ouc, HW o mach mix of paalll ak? CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (16) Tim (ligh clohig) (ak clohig) (vy iy clohig) (ligh clohig) (ak clohig) (vy iy clohig) Supcala Lauy: Mimach Mix T a k 6 PM AM A B C D Tim (ligh clohig) (ligh clohig) (ak clohig) (ligh clohig) Tak mix uuiliz xa ouc Ral-wol pipliig poblm You h maag of a HUGE ambly pla o buil compu Mai pipli 10 miu/ pipli ag 60 ag Lacy: 10h Poblm: o u 2 h bfo o..hlp! Box CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (17) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (18)

CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (19) Ral-wol pipliig poblm oluio 1 You mmb: a pipli fqucy i limi by i low ag, o Ral-wol pipliig poblm oluio 2 Ca a ub-pipli!

4 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (19) Ral-wol pipliig poblm oluio 1 You mmb: a pipli fqucy i limi by i low ag, o Ral-wol pipliig poblm oluio 2 Ca a ub-pipli! Box Box Mai pipli 10 2hou/ miu/ pipli ag 60 ag Lacy: 10h 120h Poblm: o u 2 h bfo o..hlp! Mai pipli 10 miu/ pipli ag 60 ag 2h (12 CPU i hi pipli) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (20) P ucio (1/2) P ucio (2/2) Aum 1 i/clock, lay bach, 5 ag pipli, fowaig, ilock o uolv loa haza (af 10 3 loop, o pipli full) Loop: lw $0, 0($1) au $0, $0, $2 w $0, 0($1) aiu $1, $1, -4 b $1, $zo, Loop op How may pipli ag (clock cycl) p loop CS61C iaio L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o xcu o mpov Pfomac hi (21) co? Aum 1 i/clock, lay bach, 5 ag pipli, fowaig, ilock o uolv loa haza (af 10 3 loop, o pipli full). Rwi hi co o uc pipli ag (clock cycl) p loop o a fw a poibl. Loop: lw $0, 0($1) au $0, $0, $2 w $0, 0($1) aiu $1, $1, -4 b $1, $zo, Loop op How may pipli ag (clock cycl) p loop iaio o xcu hi co? CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (23) A i Ealy Cocluio.. Pipli challg i haza Fowaig hlp w/may aa haza Dlay bach hlp wih cool haza i 5 ag pipli Loa lay lo / ilock cay Mo aggiv pfomac: Supcala u-of-o xcuio Amiiivia Aigm HW7 u 8/2 Poj3 u 8/5 Mim Rga u Toay Logiim i lab i ow java -ja ~c61c/bi/logiim Vali H o Thuay mov o fo hi wk CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (25) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (26)

5 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (27) Why Do Wok? D NT MESS WTH THE CLCK Cafy va may o i vy aly a cafully Doig o will cau upicabl a ha o ack o Followig li a fom CS 150 Lcu by Pof. Kaz Cacaig Eg-igg Flip-Flop Shif gi Nw valu go io fi ag Whil pviou valu of fi ag go io co ag Coi up/hol/popagaio lay (pop mu b > hol) N D Q D Q UT N CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (28) Cacaig Eg-igg Flip-Flop Shif gi Nw valu go io fi ag Whil pviou valu of fi ag go io co ag Coi up/hol/popagaio lay (pop mu b > hol) N D Q D Q UT Clock Skw Th poblm Coc bhavio aum x a of all oag lm mi by all oag lm a h am im Difficul i high-pfomac ym bcau im fo clock o aiv a flip-flop i compaabl o lay hough logic (a will oo bcom ga ha logic lay) Effc of kw o caca flip-flop: Dlay N i a lay vio of oigial a: N = 0, = 1, = 1 u o kw, x a bcom: = 0, = 0, a o = 0, = 1 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (29) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (30) Why Gaig of Clock i Ba! Why Gaig of Clock i Ba! LD LD ga by FSM holy af iig g of LD ga Rg Rg Ru pul play HAVC wih gi ial! GD LD Do NT M Wih Clock Sigal! BAD gaclk NASTY HACK: lay LD hough gaiv g igg FF o u ha i wo chag uig x poiiv g v LD ga kw PLUS LD lay by half clock cycl Wha i h ffc o you gi af? Do NT M Wih Clock Sigal! CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (31) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (32)

CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (33) Th Big Picu Mmoy Hiachy Compu Poco (aciv) Cool ( bai ) Daapah ( baw ) Mmoy (paiv) (wh pogam, aa liv wh uig) Dvic pu upu Kyboa, Mou Dik, Nwok Diplay, Pi

! Dik HUGE capaciy (viually limil) VERY low: u ~millico CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (34) Pfomac Moivaio: Why W U Cach (wi $) 0 10 1 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1989 fi l CPU

6 CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (33) Th Big Picu Mmoy Hiachy Compu Poco (aciv) Cool ( bai ) Daapah ( baw ) Mmoy (paiv) (wh pogam, aa liv wh uig) Dvic pu upu Kyboa, Mou Dik, Nwok Diplay, Pi Soag i compu ym: Poco hol aa i gi fil (~ By) Rgi acc o aoco imcal Mmoy (w ll call mai mmoy ) Mo capaciy ha gi (~Gby) Acc im ~50- Hu of clock cycl p mmoy acc?! Dik HUGE capaciy (viually limil) VERY low: u ~millico CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (34) Pfomac Moivaio: Why W U Cach (wi $) fi l CPU wih cach o chip DRAM 2000 CPU µpoc 60%/y Poco-Mmoy Pfomac Gap: (gow 50% / ya) 1998 Pium ha wo lvl of cach o chip DRAM 7%/y Mmoy Cachig Mimach bw poco a mmoy p la u o a a w lvl: a mmoy cach mplm wih am C pocig chology a h CPU (uually iga o am chip): fa bu mo xpiv ha DRAM mmoy. Cach i a copy of a ub of mai mmoy. Mo poco hav paa cach fo iucio a aa. CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (35) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (36) Mmoy Hiachy Poco High Lvl i mmoy hiachy Low Lvl 1 Lvl 2 Lvl 3... Lvl caig Diac fom Poc., Dcaig p Siz of mmoy a ach lvl A w mov o p lvl h lacy go up a pic p bi go ow. Mmoy Hiachy f lvl clo o Poco, i i: mall fa ub of low lvl (coai mo cly u aa) Low Lvl (uually ik) coai all availabl aa (o o i go byo h ik?) Mmoy Hiachy p h poco wih h illuio of a vy lag vy fa mmoy. CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (37) CS61C L22 CPU Dig : Pipliig o mpov Pfomac (38)

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