Operationalizing Accessibility March 30, 2017 Chris McCahill State Smart Transportation Initiative Matt Pettit Citilabs
State Smart Transportation Initiative A network of reform-oriented state DOTs, founded in 2010 and housed at the University of Wisconsin. Executive-level Community of Practice Technical assistance Resource for the transportation community 1
Citilabs Citilabs is a global provider of mobility analytics for businesses and government agencies. 40-year history More than 2500 clients Across 70 countries worldwide 2
Intro to Accessibility Chris McCahill, SSTI 3
Why measure accessibility? Mobility measures Travel speed Level of service Vehicle throughout Person throughput 4
Why measure accessibility? Accessibility measures Origins Destinations Ability to travel between them 5
Access Score Calculations Accessibility: The ease (in travel time) by which travelers can reach destinations by various modes. Where do I need to travel to? What modes are available? How far am I willing to travel? What time of day am I traveling? What else affects my travel experience? 6
Where do I need to travel to? Access Score TM Work Access to jobs or a subset of jobs 20 percent of trips, 30 percent of VMT Unit is jobs Access Score TM Non-work Access to groceries, parks, banks, restaurants, and other non-work destinations 80 percent of trips, 70 percent of VMT Unit is a score up to 100 7
What modes are available? Auto Road network and travel speeds Transit Routes, stations, and headways Walking and biking Facilities and conditions 8
How far am I willing to travel? Cumulative measures Opportunities within a given travel time (e.g., 30 minutes) Decay-weighted measures Closer opportunities are more valuable Used in Access Score calculations 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.0 9 Exponential Decay Functions (Wisconsin) Walk (Work) Transit (Work) Auto (Work) Walk (Non-work) Transit (Non-work) Auto (Non-work) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Minutes
Applying Access Scores in decision-making Scan conditions Diagnose problems Assess solutions Engage stakeholders Track performance Predict outcomes 10
Sample applications in Madison, Wisconsin 11
Access Score Work by automobile (AM) Jobs accessible < 15 min 29,000 < 30 min 293,000 < 45 min 308,000 < 60 min 308,000 Access Score 212,000 12
Access Score Work by transit (AM) Jobs accessible < 15 min 250 < 30 min 24,000 < 45 min 33,000 < 60 min 122,000 Access Score 18,000 13
Access Score Work by transit & poverty Scan for equity issues Set policy goals Percent of households with minimum level of access Evaluate proposals Transit improvements Affordable housing sites Track progress 14
Transit project evaluation Total impact 1.03 million household-jobs Jobs accessible Before After < 15 min 270 280 < 30 min 1,400 8,800 < 45 min 3,100 34,800 < 60 min 7,700 82,800 Access Score 1,200 8,500 Average impact 5 jobs Across 200,000 households 15
Access Score Non-Work Destination Types Target Weight Restaurants, coffee shops, bars, pubs, wineries, and night life 8 40% General retail, book stores, and department stores 4 15% Groceries 2 15% Errands: Banks, pharmacies, and hardware stores 3 10% Parks, recreational areas, campgrounds, and golf courses 2 10% Schools 2 5% Cultural attractions, entertainment, and museums 1 5% Access to bins of destinations Access to particular destinations Grocery stores (food deserts) Non-work access score in development in Virginia. 16
Land use project evaluation Existing residential development 17
Land use project evaluation Improved accessibility with mixed-use development 18
Last-mile connections in Sacramento, California 19
Station utility Based on walk time to nearest station 20
Station area improvements 21
Walk access (pedestrian bridge) Total impact (3-mile radius) 500,000 householdjobs Average Before: 4,785 jobs After: 4,794 jobs Change: 9 jobs 22
Walk access (bridge + freeway crossing) Total impact (3-mile radius) 2.7 million household-jobs Average Before: 4,785 jobs After: 4,832 jobs Change: 47 jobs 23
Transit access (bridge + freeway crossing) Total impact 29 million household-jobs Average Before: 85,180 jobs After: 85,230 jobs Change: 50 jobs 24
Applying Access Scores in decision-making Scan conditions Engage stakeholders Diagnose problems Predict mode share Estimate transit ridership Estimate travel demand / VMT Estimate transportation costs Track performance Assess solutions Predict outcomes 25
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Introduction to Sugar Access http://www.citilabs.com/sugaraccess
Easily create and test accessibility analysis scenarios 1. Select a destination category Jobs Grocery Stores Hospitals Parks and Recreation 2. Choose a time of day 3. Choose modes of travel Single Mode Walk, Bike, Drive, Transit, All
Access Score Calculations Accessibility: The ease (in travel time) by which travelers can reach destinations by various modes. Where do I need to travel to? What modes are available? How far am I willing to travel? What time of day am I traveling? What else affects my travel experience? 29
Where do I need to travel to? Destination Information Jobs information LODES Data Local MPO/DOT Projections Points of Interest (Non-Work Destinations) - Here Schools, Restaurants, Parks, etc Local Data 30
What modes are available? Auto All-Streets roadway network from Here Real drive times throughout day Ped Pedestrian network defined within Here network Bike Defined along both Auto and Ped network (See Bike LTS) Transit Developed from local GTFS files (headways, stops, travel times) 31
What time of day am I traveling? AM Peak Midday PM Peak Evening 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Example Transit Frequency 10 Minutes 20 Minutes 10 Minutes 60 Minutes Example Roadway Speed 26 mph 40 mph 36 mph 45 mph 32
What time of day am I traveling? AM Peak Midday PM Peak Off- Peak 12:00 AM 3:00 AM 6:00 AM 9:00 AM 12:00 PM 3:00 PM 6:00 PM 9:00 PM 12:00 AM Jobs Accessible AM Peak Job Access Off-Peak Job Access
What else affects my travel experience? VS. Cyclists and Pedestrians travel based on the level of traffic stress Neighborhood Street vs. Arterial Street 25 mph vs. 45 mph 2 lane road vs. 6 lane road Protected bike lane vs. Mixed traffic biking 34
Sugar Access Access to Stations Before Sugar Access Understand accessibility issues at a local level Benefit of new pedestrian tunnel? 25 Minutes?
Sugar Access Access to Stations After Sugar Access Network Editing Capabilities Add Pedestrian or Roadway link Analyze before and after scenario 10 Minutes 36
Access Score Calculations Accessibility: The ease (in travel time) by which travelers can reach destinations by various modes. Where do I need to travel to? What modes are available? How far am I willing to travel? What time of day am I traveling? What else affects my travel experience? 37
Upcoming Webinar April 18, 2017 1:00 pm Central (2:00 pm ET/Noon MT/11:00 am PT) Accessibility and Smart Scale: Using Access Scores to Prioritize Projects 38
Thank you! A recording of this webinar will be on the SSTI website tomorrow. mccahill@ssti.us www.ssti.us @SmartTransp mpettit@citilabs.com www.citilabs.com @Citilabs_HQ 39