SUBCLASS ELASMOBRANCHII

INFRAPHYLUM Gnathostomata Gegenbaur, 1874 - jawed vertebrates CLASS Chondrichthyes Huxley, 1880 - cartilaginous fishes SUBCLASS ELASMOBRANCHII Bonaparte, 1838 INFRACLASS Euselachii Hay, 1902 SUBDIVISION Selachii (no authority discovered) SUPERORDER Galeomorphii Compagno, 1973 ORDER Heterodontiformes Berg, 1940 - bullhead sharks FAMILY Heterodontidae Gray, 1851 - bullhead and horn sharks [=Cestraciontini, Heterodontina, Centraciontidae] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Cestraciontini Bonaparte, 1835:[4] [ref. 32242] (subfamily) Cestracion Bosc [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; senior objective synonym of Heterodontina Gray, 1851; family name sometimes seen as Cestraciondontidae] Heterodontina Gray, 1851:65 [ref. 4939] (tribe) Heterodontus [junior objective synonym of Cestraciontini Bonaparte, 1835, but Heterodontidae in prevailing recent practice; Heterodontidae used as valid by: Jordan 1923 [ref. 2421], Schultz with Stern 1948 [ref. 31938], Kamohara 1967, Lindberg 1971 [ref. 27211], Nelson 1976 [ref. 32838], Shiino 1976, Lagler, Bardach, Miller & May Passino 1977, Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Smith & Heemstra 1986 [ref. 5715], Paxton et al. 1989 [ref. 12442], Robins et al. 1991a [ref. 14237], Allen & Robertson 1994 [ref. 22193], Last & Stevens 1994 [ref. 23873], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Compagno 1999 [ref. 25589], Chu & Meng 2001,

Compagno 2001 [ref. 26323], Nelson et al. 2004 [ref. 27807], Baldwin 2005 [ref. 28237], Hoese et al. 2006, Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Last & Stevens 2009; family name sometimes seen as Heterondontidae] Centraciontidae Garman, 1913:13, 180 [ref. 1545] (family) Centracion GENUS Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 - bullhead sharks, horn sharks [=Heterodontus (subgenus of Squalus) Blainville [H. de], 1816:121, Centracion Gray [J. E.], 1831:5, Cestracion Bosc [L. A. G.] (ex Cuvier), 1816:598, Gyropleurodus Gill [T. N.], 1862:331, Molochophrys Whitley [G. P.], 1931:310, Tropidodus Gill [T. N.], 1863:489, 490, Wuia (subgenus of Heterodontus) Fowler [H. W.], 1934:233] Notes: [ref. 306]. Masc. Squalus philippi Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by monotypy. Misspelled Heterodontes by Gill 1862:403 [ref. 1783]. Valid as Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 -- (Taylor & Castro-Aguirre 1972 [ref. 7158], Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Nakaya & Shirai in Masuda et al. 1984:3 [ref. 6441], Bass 1986:48 [ref. 5635], Cappetta 1987:70 [ref. 6348], Paxton et al. 1989:95 [ref. 12442], Gomon et al. 1994:90 [ref. 22532], Castro-Aguirre et al. 1999:41 [ref. 24550], Compagno 1999:475 [ref. 25589], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323], Compagno et al. 2005:15 [ref. 29145], Hoese & Gates 2006:60 [ref. 28997], White 2008:32 [ref. 30617], Castro 2011:174 [ref. 31457]). Current status: Valid as Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Centracion) [ref. 1880]. Neut. Centracion zebra Gray, 1831. Type by monotypy. Perhaps intended for Cestracion but unclear from text. Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Cestracion) [ref. 5126]. Squalus philippi Bloch & Schneider, 1801. Type by subsequent monotypy. Also latinized as Cestracion by Oken (ex Cuvier) 1817:Cestracio by Cloquet 1817:20 [ref. 852], and Cestralion by Müller & Henle 1838:85 [ref. 3068]. Cestracion Gray, 1831:5 [ref. 1880] is not an original genus description [contra Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]].

Objective synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Cappetta 1987:70 [ref. 6348], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Gyropleurodus) [ref. 1668]. Masc. Cestracion francisci Girard, 1855. Type by monotypy. Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Molochophrys) [ref. 4672]. Fem. Cestracion galeatus Günther, 1870. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Tropidodus) [ref. 1671]. Masc. Cestracion pantherinus Valenciennes, 1846. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Type designated in footnote on p. 489. Misspelled Tropidopus by Beebe & Tee-Van 1941:118 [ref. 16102]. Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. (Wuia) [ref. 1416]. Fem. Centracion zebra Gray, 1831. Type by original designation (also monotypic). Objective synonym of Centracion Gray, 1831. Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816 -- (Compagno 1984:155 [ref. 6474], Compagno 2001:34 [ref. 26323]). Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus Blainville, 1816. Heterodontidae. Species Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1854) - California horn shark [=Cestracion francisci Girard [C. F.], 1855:196, Heterodontus californicus Herald [E. S.], 1961:49] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 7 (no. 6); ref. 18001] Monterey Bay, California, U.S.A. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific.

(californicus) [Living fishes of the World; ref. 13600] Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus francisci (Girard, 1855). Heterodontidae. Species Heterodontus galeatus (Günther, 1870) - crested bullhead shark, crested hornshark [=Cestracion galeatus Günther [A.], 1870:416] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 8; ref. 1995] New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus galeatus (Günther, 1870). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Australia. Species Heterodontus japonicus Maclay & Macleay, 1884 - Japanese bullhead shark [=Heterodontus japonicus Miklouho-Maclay [N. de] & Macleay [W.], 1884:428, Pl. 20] Notes: [Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales v. 8 (pt 4); ref. 14399] Tokyo, Japan. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus japonicus Miklouho-Maclay & Macleay, 1884. Heterodontidae. Distribution: Western North Pacific. Species Heterodontus mexicanus Taylor & Castro-Aquirre, 1972 - Mexican hornshark [=Heterodontus mexicanus Taylor [L. R., Jr.] & Castro-Aguirre [J. L.], 1972:125, Figs. 1-2, 5-6] Notes: [Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas México v. 19; ref. 7158] Cerro Colorado, Sonora, Mexico, Gulf of California, depth 20 meters. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus mexicanus Taylor & Castro-Aguirre, 1972. Heterodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California and Mexico to Peru.

Species Heterodontus omanensis Baldwin, 2005 - Oman bullhead shark [=Heterodontus omanensis Baldwin [Z. H.], 2005:262, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Copeia 2005 (no. 2); ref. 28237] Northeast of Ra's al Madrakah, Gulf of Masira, central Oman, Arabian Sea, 19 46'N, 58 19'E, depth 72 meters. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus omanensis Baldwin, 2005. Heterodontidae. Distribution: Northwestern Indian Ocean: Oman. Species Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer, 1793) - Port Jackson shark [=Squalus portusjacksoni Meyer [F. A. A.], 1793:71, Heterodontus bonaespei Ogilby [J. D.], 1908:26, Cestracion heterodontus Sherrard [J. E.], 1896:42, 88, Squalus jacksoni Suckow [G. A.], 1799:102, Squalus philippi Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:134, Squalus philippinus Shaw [G.], 1804:341, Squalus superciliosus Forster [J. R.], 1794:131] Notes: [Systematisch-summarische Uebersicht der neuesten zoologischen Entdeckungen in Neuholland und Afrika.; ref. 17684] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus portusjacksoni (Meyer, 1793). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Australia and New Zealand. (bonaespei) [Proceedings of the Royal Society of Queensland v. 21; ref. 3286] Table Bay, South Africa [locality questioned in literature] (heterodontus) [Illustrated official handbook to the aquarium; ref. 31528] Hobson's Bay, Victoria,

Australia. (jacksoni) [Naturgeschichte der Thiere v. 4, pt. 1; ref. 18858] Port Jackson, New South Wales, Australia. (philippi) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. (philippinus) [General zoology or systematic natural history; ref. 4015] Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. (superciliosus) [Die Neuesten Reisen nach der Botany Bay; ref. 22555] Botany Bay, New South Wales, Australia. Species Heterodontus quoyi (Freminville, 1840) - Galapagos bullhead shark, Peruvian hornshark [=Cestracion quoyi Fréminville [C. P. P.], 1840:3, Pl. 3, Cestracion pantherinus Valenciennes [A.], 1846:no p., Pl. 10 (fig. 2), Gyropleurodus peruanus Evermann [B. W.] & Radcliffe [L.], 1917:2, Pl. 1 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Magazin de Zoologie, d'anatomie Comparée et de Paléontologie (Sér. 2). v. 2, Pt 5; ref. 18095] Galápagos Islands.

Current status: Valid as Heterodontus quoyi (Fréminville, 1840). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Eastern Pacific. (pantherinus) [Voyage autour du monde sur la frégate "la Vénus"; ref. 6165] Galápagos Islands. Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus quoyi (Fréminville, 1840). Heterodontidae. (peruanus) [Bulletin of the United States National Museum No. 95; ref. 1284] Lobos de Tierra Island, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus quoyi (Fréminville, 1840). Heterodontidae. Species Heterodontus ramalheira (Smith, 1949) - whitespotted bullhead shark [=Gyropleurodus ramalheira Smith [J. L. B.], 1949:367, Fig. 1] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 12) v. 2 (no. 17) (art. 30); ref. 4079] Off Inhambane, Mozambique, western Indian Ocean. Current status: Valid as Heterodontus ramalheira (Smith, 1949). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Western Indian Ocean. Species Heterodontus zebra (Gray, 1831) - striped catshark, zebra bullhead shark, barred bullhead shark, barred shark, little shark, striped bullhead shark, zebra hornshark, zebra Port Jackson shark [=Centracion zebra Gray [J. E.], 1831:5, Cestracion amboinensis Regan [C. T.], 1906:436, Cestracion philippi var. japonica Duméril [A. H. A.], 1865:426] Notes: [Zoological Miscellany 1831 (art. 6); ref. 1880] Swatow, China.

Current status: Valid as Heterodontus zebra (Gray, 1831). Heterodontidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific. (amboinensis) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 18 (no. 108); ref. 15711] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus zebra (Gray, 1831). Heterodontidae. (japonica) [Histoire naturelle des poissons ou ichthyologie générale v. 1; ref. 1150] Current status: Synonym of Heterodontus zebra (Gray, 1831). Heterodontidae. Habitat: marine