PROCEDURE DOCUMENTATION AIRAC: 20121213 Procedure: ILS Runway 33 Aerodrome: Grøtneset Synopsis: Feasibility study for an aerodrome at Grøtneset Date: User ID: Completed: 20120921 C OBrien Controlled: 20120927 camkt Page 1 of 39
1 Table of contents 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2 2 DATASET... 3 3 SOFTWARE VALIDATION... 5 4 PROCEDURE DESIGN COMMENTS... 6 5 FLIGHT VALIDATION...20 6 INITIAL APPROACH SEGMENT...21 7 INTERMEDIATE APPROACH SEGMENT...22 8 ILS SOC CALCULATION...23 9 CURVATURE OF THE EARTH...24 10 EQUIVALENT OBSTACLE...25 11 VISUAL SEGMENT SURFACE...26 12 MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT CALCULATIONS...27 13 MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT (CAT A)...28 14 MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT (CAT B)...29 15 MISSED APPROACH SEGMENT (CAT C)...30 16 CHANGELOG...31 17 CHARTING DATA...32 18 CONTROLLING OBSTACLES...36 19 CONTROL CHECK...37 20 VERSION HISTORY...38 Page 2 of 39
2 Dataset Procedure design software: GéoTITAN v2.11.1 / 3.01 Spot heights extending 50 NM around the design aerodrome have been incorporated in the software templates. Spot heights: Spot heights are imported from the digital dataset N50 created by Statens Kartverk and is available through the Norwegian digital terrain project Norge Digitalt A 50 meter post spacing, square grid digital terrain model has been incorporated in the software templates. The data source is the Norwegian mapping authority s N50 2.0 digital chart database and includes height information from lakes, height contours and spot heights in N50. N50 was digitised partly through scanning and vectorisation of analogue charts in scale 1:50 000 and partly through photogrammetric stereo construction or through a combination of these methods. Digital terrain model: The average horizontal accuracy is 25 meters, with a confidence level of 90%. The average vertical accuracy is 5-6 meters with a maximum error of 30 meters, with a confidence level of 90%. Certain areas containing very steep terrain, slopes steeper than 1:1, may exceed the maximum value. These areas are located in Troms and Finnmark and are identified here. Vertical resolution is 1 meter based on mean sea level and terrain with no addition for vegetation. The DTM was produced in 2000-2001 with an integrity level better than 10-3 Originally the DTM was produced in USGS DEM format but has been converted to CGX format to function within GéoTITAN. Aerodrome data: All aerodrome data is directly imported from the ORBIT Database automatically upon site Page 3 of 39
creation. All RWY characteristics and associated landing aids such as localizers, landing DME stations, and instrument landing systems are automatically imported and later verified through the software validation process. Only post successful verification is the imported data used for procedure design. NAVAID data: All navigation facilities not associated with the aerodrome is automatically imported from the ORBIT database and later verified through the software validation process. Only post successful verification is the imported data used for procedure design. The Norwegian aeronautical obstacle database is run by Statens Kartverk and has the responsibility for maintaining an accurate and up to date database of all man made obstacles in Norway which is not owned by the aerodrome. NRL data: An aeronautical obstacle is by law defined as any building or construction, temporary or permanent, with a height above ground or water of 15 meters or more. Within populated areas the equivalent height is 30 meters. NRL data is imported on a monthly basis into the ORBIT database and is automatically imported into the GéoTITAN working site. The full law concerning NRL can be found at lovdata: Forskrift om rapportering og registrering av luftfartshindre (BSL E 2-1) AIP 2.10 obstacles: All obstacles listed in section 2.10 of the Norwegian AIP are defined as obstacles owned by the local aerodrome. The responsibility for accurately updating and maintaining this list of obstacles resides with the airport manager. These obstacles are currently not part of the ORBIT database and have to be manually entered into the working site. Future plans involve flagging these obstacles as Avinor owned obstructions within the database for automatic importation. Page 4 of 39
3 Software validation Validation of threshold coordinates THR: 15 Latitude Longitude AIP GéoTITAN 70 33'37.793"N 023 41'02.352"E THR: 33 Latitude Longitude AIP GéoTITAN 70 32'37.000"N 023 42'07.461"E Page 5 of 39
4 Procedure design comments Runway 33 was analysed for ILS feasibility. Initial investigations looked at the possibility of a straight forward 3 GP approach. A challenging ridge of terrain located around the necessary FAP location meant this was infeasible, both undertaking an OAS and CRM analysis and considering shadowing around the descent fix. OAS analysis for the 3 provided OCHs of greater than 2400ft and CRM could not produce minima due to the risk not reducing to the required level. CRM input parameters for this analysis are below: Figure 1 - CRM input 3 Page 6 of 39
Efforts were made to see if problem obstacles could be removed from the analysis by means of 15% shadowing at the FAF, though the controlling obstacle was not able to be removed, and the issue remained: Figure 2 - Shadowing area for 3 at the FAF By increasing the GP to 3.5, it has been possible, with the use of CRM, to derive usable minima for this approach. OAS derived OCHs for the 3.5 approach still exceed 2300ft and so were considered unusable, however the CRM analysis was able to provide reasonable minima. OCH 3.5 2.5% MA: A 156ft, B 165ft, C 178ft CRM input parameters for this analysis are below: Page 7 of 39
Figure 3-3.5 CRM Analysis inputs The FAP has been located at 3300ft altitude, allowing for an obstacle clear, level intermediate segment. A basic conventional initial segment has been constructed to demonstrate that the intermediate segment is connectable. This has been based off the HMF VOR Page 8 of 39
Figure 4 - CRM output Cat A/B 3.5 Page 9 of 39
Figure 5 - CRM Output Cat C 3.5 Page 10 of 39
A straight missed approach has been considered for the proof of concept and extended 20-25NM beyond the end of the OAS to prove obstacle clearance over the remaining terrain. This is obstacle clear. Rough analysis shows that an aircraft would need to climb to 2500-3500ft before making a turn in order the clear terrain either side of the straight missed approach should a turning missed approach be required. Figure 6 - Final Straight Missed Approach 2.5% Page 11 of 39
Figure 7 - Zero penetrations of extended Z surface 2.5% Page 12 of 39
Figure 8 - Obstacles clearance for extended Z surface While the missed approach is obstacle clear, we were subsequently requested to see if the missed approach can reasonably clear the Melkøya restricted area situated north of the aerodrome, in the extended missed approach area. The closest point of the Melkøya restricted area to the threshold has the X coordinate 16156.37m in the runway 33 coordinate system and has vertical extent to 2500ft AMSL. Analysis of the 2.5% missed approach from the 3.5 ILS shows that at the above x-coordinate the missed approach surface originating at the SOC for each category intersects the restricted area at approximately 1300ft and therefore does not clear it. 2.50% CRM OCH (ft) OCH (m) HL baro (ft) HL baro (m) OCH-HL (ft) OCH-HL (m) Min ht SOC (m) SOC End Z SOC to End Alt P.end (m) A 156 47.5488 130 40 26 7.549 7.549-776.58-12900 12123.42179 317.645 B 165 50.292 142 43 23 7.292 7.010-785.38-12900 12114.61903 316.886 C 178 54.2544 150 46 28 8.254 8.254-765.04-12900 12134.95825 318.639 Page 13 of 39
SOC to Mel Alt @ Mel (m) Alt @ Mel (ft) 15379.79179 399.054 1309.232266 15370.98903 398.296 1306.743851 15391.32825 400.048 1312.493459 Increasing the missed approach climb gradient to 5% decreases the CRM generated Cat A/B OCHs. While raw calculation shows that these OCHs and MA CG allow the aircraft to clear the restricted area by a minimum of 25ft, a GeoTitan proven solution using surface analysis requires a small adjustment to the OCHs. The raw OCHs are: OCH 3.5 5% MA raw: A 135ft, B 142ft, C 178ft 5.00% CRM OCH (ft) OCH (m) HL baro (ft) HL baro (m) OCH-HL (ft) OCH-HL (m) Min ht SOC (m) SOC End Z SOC to End Alt P.end (m) A 135 41.148 130 40 5 1.148 1.148-881.23-6900 6018.769634 309.097 B 142 43.2816 142 43 0 0.282 0.000-900 -6900 6000 307.010 C 178 54.2544 150 46 28 8.254 8.254-765.04-6900 6134.958247 322.013 SOC to Mel Alt @ Mel (m) Alt @ Mel (ft) 15275.13963 771.915 2532.53078 15256.37 769.829 2525.685367 15391.32825 784.831 2574.905552 And adjusted: A 141ft, B 152ft, C 178ft The adjusted values place the aircraft at the end of the OAS at a minimum of 312m altitude, and the analysis below proves that this clears a nominal obstacle placed to represent the restricted area. The clearance is approximately 3ft. Page 14 of 39
Adjusted 5.00% CRM OCH (ft) OCH (m) HL baro (ft) HL baro (m) OCH-HL (ft) OCH-HL (m) Min ht SOC (m) SOC End Z SOC to End Alt P.end (m) A 141 42.9768 130 40 11 2.977 2.977-851.33-6900 6048.67025 312.421 B 152 46.3296 142 43 10 3.330 3.048-850.17-6900 6049.834359 312.550 C 178 54.2544 150 46 28 8.254 8.254-765.04-6900 6134.958247 322.013 SOC to Mel Alt @ Mel (m) Alt @ Mel (ft) 15305.04025 775.239 2543.435737 15306.20436 775.369 2543.860295 15391.32825 784.831 2574.905552 Figure 9 - CRM Analysis inputs 3.5 5% Page 15 of 39
Figure 10-3.5 5% MA CRM Analysis CAT A/B Page 16 of 39
Figure 11-3.5 5% MA CRM Analysis CAT C Page 17 of 39
Figure 12 - Extended Missed approach 5% Page 18 of 39
Figure 13 - Clearance of Melkøya Restricted area at 5% with adjusted OCHs Page 19 of 39
5 Flight validation Does the procedure design require flight validation? Yes or No No (Conceptual) The following changes always require flight validation; all new precision approaches all new performance based navigation procedures significant change to the final or missed approach segment significant change to an instrument flight departure other changes deemed significant/essential by the procedure designer Communication and coordination with the flight validation team is handled by the control flight coordinator. All control flight requests shall be sent to kontrollfly@avinor.no with a copy to the PANS-OPS coordinator. A draft of the instrument approach chart plus any required additional information must accompany the control flight request. Post completion of the control flight, the report shall be added to the procedure documentation, or if the flight validation yields a negative result, the design process returns to the collect and validate all data phase. Page 20 of 39
6 Initial approach segment THR elevation: 23 feet Obstacle #: O3 Obstacle type: t t or a Altitude: 678 m Vegetation: 15 m Area: p p or s Secondary MOC: m MOC 300 m SUM 993 m m OCA 3260 feet OCH 3237 feet Obstacle type codes: t Terrain a Artificial Enter the THR elevation, Obstacle #, Obstacle type, altitude, vegetation and area. If the obstacle resides in the secondary area, fill in the value for Secondary MOC. Page 21 of 39
7 Intermediate approach segment THR elevation: 23 feet Obstacle #: O2 Obstacle type: a t or a Altitude: 691 m Vegetation: m Area: p p or s Secondary MOC: m MOC 150 m SUM 841 m m OCA 2760 feet OCH 2737 feet Obstacle type codes: t Terrain a Artificial Enter the THR elevation, Obstacle type, altitude, vegetation and area. If the obstacle resides in the secondary area, fill in the value for Secondary MOC. Page 22 of 39
8 ILS SOC calculation THR elevation: 23 feet GP angle: 3.5 RDH: 49.2 feet CAT: C A,B,C or D OCH value: 178 feet Calculate SOCx: -900 meter SOC: -765.032608 meter Enter THR Elevation, GP angle, RDH, aircraft category and the corresponding OCH (height!) value for ILS SOC calculation. Page 23 of 39
9 Curvature of the earth THR elevation: 23 feet RDH 49.2 feet GP 3.5 Distance from THR: 8.6856 NM Cote effect: 66.63584051 feet Calculate Altitude 3366.636049 feet including curvature Height 3343.636049 feet including curvature Altitude 3300.000209 feet Height 3277.000209 feet Enter THR elevation, RDH, GP angle and distance from THR in NM for calculation of altitude including earth curvature Page 24 of 39
10 Equivalent obstacle THR elevation: feet Climb gradient: % Glide path: Obstacle height: Vegetation: X value: meter meter meter Calculate Enter THR elevation, missed approach climb gradient, glide path angle, obstacle height, vegetation and the distance from the obstacle to the threshold to calculate the equivalent obstacle. Page 25 of 39
11 Visual Segment Surface OCH 178 feet VPA 3.5 Calculate VSS VSS extension 1306.11266 meter VSS Comments: There are no obstacles in the VSS area. Page 26 of 39
12 Missed approach segment calculations AD elevation 23 feet Turn parameters CAT A CAT B CAT C CAT D IAS 100 150 240 265 kt Turning altitude feet MAPt location dme SOC Turn data SOC (d+x) calculations are based on AD elevation and max IAS allowed on final with a tailwind component of 10 KT as specified in ICAO DOC 8168 VOL II 6.1.6.2.1 b) Page 27 of 39
13 Missed approach segment (CAT A) THR elevation: 23 feet Initial Intermediate Final(1) Final(2) Obstacle #: O4 Obstacle type: t t or a Altitude: 303 m Vegetation: 15 m Area: p p or s Secondary MOC: m SUM 368 m MOC 50 m Height gain distance 15256.59 m Height gain 2.5 % 0 0 381.41475 0 m Height gain 4 % 0 0 610.2636 0 m Height gain 5 % 0 0 762.8295 0 m OCA 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCH 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCA 4 % #NUM! feet OCH 4 % #NUM! feet OCA 5 % #NUM! feet OCH 5 % #NUM! feet Gradient 1: 2.5 % Gradient 2: 4 % Gradient 3: 5 % Enter the THR elevation, Obstacle #, Obstacle type, altitude, vegetation and area. If the obstacle resides in the secondary area, fill in the value for Secondary MOC. If the obstacle is located after the MAPt, enter the height gain distance found in GéoTITAN. Page 28 of 39
14 Missed approach segment (CAT B) THR elevation: 23 feet Initial Intermediate Final(1) Final(2) Obstacle #: O4 Obstacle type: t t or a Altitude: 303 m Vegetation: 15 m Area: p p or s Secondary MOC: m SUM 368 m MOC 50 m Height gain distance 15256.59 m Height gain 2.5 % 0 0 381.41475 0 m Height gain 4 % 0 0 610.2636 0 m Height gain 5 % 0 0 762.8295 0 m OCA 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCH 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCA 4 % #NUM! feet OCH 4 % #NUM! feet OCA 5 % #NUM! feet OCH 5 % #NUM! feet Gradient 1: 2.5 % Gradient 2: 4 % Gradient 3: 5 % Enter the THR elevation, Obstacle #, Obstacle type, altitude, vegetation and area. If the obstacle resides in the secondary area, fill in the value for Secondary MOC. If the obstacle is located after the MAPt, enter the height gain distance found in GéoTITAN. Page 29 of 39
15 Missed approach segment (CAT C) THR elevation: 23 feet Initial Intermediate Final(1) Final(2) Obstacle #: O4 Obstacle type: t t or a Altitude: 303 m Vegetation: 15 m Area: p p or s Secondary MOC: m SUM 368 m MOC 50 m Height gain distance 15256.59 m Height gain 2.5 % 0 0 381.41475 0 m Height gain 4 % 0 0 610.2636 0 m Height gain 5 % 0 0 762.8295 0 m OCA 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCH 2.5 % #NUM! feet OCA 4 % #NUM! feet OCH 4 % #NUM! feet OCA 5 % #NUM! feet OCH 5 % #NUM! feet Gradient 1: 2.5 % Gradient 2: 4 % Gradient 3: 5 % Enter the THR elevation, Obstacle #, Obstacle type, altitude, vegetation and area. If the obstacle resides in the secondary area, fill in the value for Secondary MOC. If the obstacle is located after the MAPt, enter the height gain distance found in GéoTITAN. Page 30 of 39
16 Changelog New information: Name: RMK Withdrawn information: NIL Airspace: Page 31 of 39
17 Charting data Procedure name ILS/DME 33 THR elevation: 23 feet Starting altitude: 3300 feet RDH 15 feet GP 3.5 Distance FAP to THR: 8.6856 NM Distance THR to DME 0.1729 NM DME distance to calculate FM 0 NM Calculate Note: Distance THR to DME should be positive if the DME is located behind the THR Distance: Altitude: Height: 0 NM -26.22783763-49.22783763 feet including curvature -1 NM -396.6657169-419.6657169 feet including curvature -2 NM -765.3369961-788.3369961 feet including curvature -3 NM -1132.241675-1155.241675 feet including curvature -4 NM -1497.379755-1520.379755 feet including curvature -5 NM -1860.751234-1883.751234 feet including curvature -6 NM -2222.356113-2245.356113 feet including curvature -7 NM -2582.194392-2605.194392 feet including curvature -8 NM -2940.266072-2963.266072 feet including curvature -9 NM -3296.571151-3319.571151 feet including curvature Step-down fixes: NM NM including curvature including curvature KT FT/MIN 70 434 FT/MIN values shall alway 90 558 be rounded to the nearest 100 620 5 FT. 120 744 130 806 150 930 180 1115 Page 32 of 39
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CAT OF ACFT A B C D OCA(H) STRAIGHT-IN 179(156) 188(165) 201(178) Circling N/A N/A N/A Note: MISSED APCH: Header: Chart header: AD Services: MSA: Plan view: Noteboxes: Airspace to display: Navaids to display: Procedure annotations (text and arrow): Reversal procedures: Holding: Page 34 of 39
Profile view: Page 35 of 39
18 Controlling obstacles ILS Final and missed approach Latitude Longitude Altitude Type 70 33 40.610 N 023 41 16.900 E 63.0m Artificial 70 41 27.050 N 023 38 51.228 E 303.0m + 15.0m Spot height Obstacle types: DTM Cell Artificial Spot height Page 36 of 39
19 Control check Control check result: Software validation - Initial approach segment Intermediate approach segment Final approach segment Missed approach segment OCA(H) OK OK OK OK OK Instrument approach chart - Comments: CRM analysis for 5% gradient was done with end abscissa at x = -12900 which applies to 2.5% gradient. Changing to the correct x = -6900, however, does only decrease the CAT AB minima slightly. Page 37 of 39
20 Version history Date: Version: Comments: 20090414 0.1 Initial document draft 20090420 0.2 Added a section for missed approach segment calculations 20090427 0.3 Spreadsheet calculation fix 20090429 0.4 Updated the missed approach calculations spreadsheet 20090617 0.5 Header numbering automatically updates upon insertion of additional headers Added a section for affected charts Combined the circling area and circling minima section Added vegetation dependencies on the circling minima and MSA spreadsheets. General formatting changes. Added a home button. 20090625 0.52 Corrected a MOC calculation error in the circling spreadsheet 20090825 0.6 Modified documentation front page Corrected the ILS SOC calculation through adding HL correction values to glide path angels more than 3.5 degrees. Added a flight validation section Redesign of the missed approach obstacle form Updated the OCA(H) overview Modified rate of descent calculation explanations. 20090827 0.75 Added an ADHP export section 20090922 0.80 Added a section for equivalent obstacle calculation Modified the rate of descent calculation spreadsheet to allow for custom speed values. Added a section for new 5LNC & RNAV points 20090922 0.81 Corrected a minor calculation error in the equivalent obstacle spreadsheet 20100204 0.9 Updated the equivalent obstacle spreadsheet Modified the ADHP table format. New rate of descent calculation spreadsheet, accommodating different indicated airspeed values. 20100428 1.00 Updated version for AIRAC 18 NOV 2010 20100823 1.1 Updated version for AIRAC 07 APR 2011 Page 38 of 39
Redesign of the rate of descent spreadsheet 20100908 1.2 Added a charting data section for each segment 20110117 1.3 Updated version for AIRAC 02 JUN 2011 Redesign of the rate of descent spreadsheet Obstacle definition changed from Antenna to Artificial in controlling obstacle section Modified textual description of SOC calculation in Missed approach segment calculations 20110909 1.4 Removed irrelevant table in section 8 (ILS OAS) 20120130 1.5 Updated version for Windows 7 compatability Changed documentation header Removed ILS OAS / Point definition section Integrated COTE calculations in rate of descent template 20120709 1.6 Updated the ILS rate of descent spreadsheet Page 39 of 39