DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF FISH FEED PELLETIZING MACHINE BY AGADA, DAVID ACHILE MATRIC NO. 2004/18368EA A FINAL YEAR PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING (B.ENG) DEGREE IN AGRICULTURAL AND BIORESOURCES ENGINEERING FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, MINNA, NIGER STATE SEPTEMBER, 2010 ii
DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project work is a record of a research work that was undertaken and written by me. It has not been presented before for any degree or diploma or certificate at any university or institution. Information derived from personal communications. Published and unpublished works were duly referenced in the text. Agada, David Achile Date (2004/18368EA) iii
CERTIFICATION This project entitled "Design and Fabrication of Fish Feed Pelletizing Machine" by Agada, David Achile, meets the regulations governing the award of the degree of Bachelor of Enginee ring (B.ENG.) of the Federal University of Technology, Minna and it is approved for its contribution to scientific knowledge and literary presentation. Engl'. Dr. O. Chukwu Date Supervisor Engl'. Dr. A.A. Balami Date H.O.D, Agricultural and Bioresollrces Engineering Externa I Exam i nel' Date i\l
DEDICATION This project research is dedicated to God, my Late Father, Mr. Agada, Moses Onoja and also to Mr Don S. Agada v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My profound gratitude goes to God Almighty for seeing me through the entire period of this project. I also appreciate my supervisor Engr. Dr. 0 Chukwu for all his support in this project and making me understand the effect of this project to my life and career at large and for his time and effort in making sure that the purpose of this project was achieved. My appreciation also goes to my H.O.D. Engr. Dr. A.A. Balami, Mrs Bosede Orhevba, all the lecturers in the department of Agricultural and Bioresources Engineering and the staff in the central workshop for their assistance during the fabrication. I am also particularly grateful to my Mother, Mrs. Agada Veronica and Mr. and Mrs. Don S.A. Agada for all their support during the period of my studies. I am indebted to Mr. and Mrs. Oguche Sunday, and Mr. SJ.Olajire. Special gratitude also goes to my brothers and sisters Paul, Steve, Ruthy, Helen and Emma for all their supports. Finally praises to my colleagues who have contributed in one way or the other during my studies, especially David T. Olaleye, Seun Omotosho (pappi), Tony Tuggen and Sunday Uloko. vi
ABSTRACT In this work, the design and fabrication of fish feed pelletizing machine was carried out with the view to encourage local technology, as most ofthe machines available are imported. This project discuss~s the local design and fabrication of an electrical powered fish feed Pelletizer. The pelletizer uses a screw auger (shaft) propelling the feed mix through the die. The screw auger is enclosed in the auger casing and is propelled by an electric motor with the aid of belt and pulleys. This auger is fed by a hopper, which is able to hold a large quantity of the feed mix at a time. A cutting blade is mounted on the shaft which cut the pellet as it comes out from the die. The pelletizer was tested to have the following results; pelleting efficiency and capacity as 88.9% and31.4 kg/h respectively and similarly the efficiency and capacity for pelleting and cutting as 4].3% and 8.6 kg/h. vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS Cover page Title Page 11 Declaration iii Certification vi Dedication v Acknowledgements vi Abstract vii Table of Contents viii List of Tables xi List of Figures xii List of plate xiii CHAPTER ONE 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study 1.2 Statement of the study 2 1.3 Objective of the study 3 1.4 Justification of the study 3 viii
-- l.5 Scope of the study 4 CHAPTER TWO 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Definition of pellet 5 2. 2 Aquaculture and aquaculture review 6 2.3 Diet formulation 7 2.4 Form offish feeds 10 2.5 Pellet processing 11 2.6 Type of pelletizing machine 13 CHAPTER THREE 3.0 DESIGN METHODOLOGY 14 3.1 Design consideration 14 3.2 Machine Description and operation procedure 14 3.3 Descriptions of component parts of the machine 14 3.4 Hopper design 15 3.5 Die design 16 3.6 Shaft design 17 3.6.l. Torsional moments on the shaft 18 3.6.2. Determination of belt tension 19 ix
3.6.3. Determination of Bending Moment 21 3.6.4 Determination of Axial Load 25 3.6.5 Determination of shaft diameter 25 3.7. Design of the Screw auger casing 27 3.8. Determination of Belt Length 28 3.9. Determination of extrusion pressure 29 3.10. Determination of Power required to operate the machine 30 CHAPTER FOUR 4.0 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 31 4.1 Testing 31 4.2 Result 33 4.3 Discussion 34 4.4 Material specification and cost of the machine 35 CHAPTER FIVE 5.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 41 5.1 Conclusion 41 5.2 Recommendations 41 REFERENCES 42 x
List of Tables Table page 3.1 Showing Various Diameters of the Shaft 26 4.1 Feed Material Composition 32 4.2 Shows the Amount of Feed Pelletized with Time and the Amount of Feed 8 Pelletized and Cut with Time. 32 4.3 Material Specification and Cost 35 xi
List of Figures Figure page 3.1 Sectional View of the Hopper (Frustum of Pyramid) 15 3.2 Sectional View of the Complete Pyramid 15 3.3 Representation of Forces on the Shaft 21 3.4 Diagram Showing the Direction Forces of on the Pulley 22 3.5 Loading of Forces on the Shaft 22 3.6 Shear Force and Bending Moment Diagram of the Shaft 24 3.7 Graph Showing the Diameter of the Shaft 26 4.1 Diagram of the Pelletizer with the Frame 36 4.2 Orthographic View of the Pelletizer 37 4.3 Die Holder 38 4.4 Shaft Showing the Screw Thread 38 4.5 Die 38 xii