1/1/ David Bishop Team Sport Research Group Facoltà di Scienze Motorie, Verona L allenamento degli sprint ripetuti A. What is RSA? B. Determinants of RSA & how to improve them Come utilizzare la ricerca per sviluppare un programma d allenamento David.Bishop@univr.it Scientific1 Consultant Sport di squadra Sport di squadra Numero azioni 1 1 Game 1 Game Game Durata azione (s) 1 Stand Walk Jog Stride Sprint Media: 1 sprint ogni minuti 1 1 1 Time (s) Average: 1 sprint every minutes Spencer, Bishop et al. (). Journal of Sports Sciences. :. Spencer, Bishop et al. (). Journal of Sports Sciences. :. Spencer, Bishop, et al. (). J. Sci. Med. Sport. : 111. Figura 1. Frequenza di distribuzione del tempo di recupero tra gli sprints Frequenza (%) 1 1 Repeated Sprinting 1 1 1 1 > 11 Intervalli di tempo (s) Repeatedsprint bout = minimo di sprints, con un recupero medio < 1 s Analisi di repeatedsprint bouts : Numero di Bouts (per la squadra) = 1 Ripetizioni di Sprint per bout = ± 1 (range: ) Recupero medio tra sprints = 1. ±. s Spencer, Bishop et al. (). Journal of Sports Sciences. :. Sprinting Distance (m) Importanza della RSA r =. 1 1..1.... RSA mean (s) Rampinini, Bishop et al. (). Int J Sports Med. :. 1
1/1/ RSA durante una partita di calcio RepeatedSprint Ability (RSA) Time for m sprint (s)........ Before Game After 1st Half After Game 1 Sprint number Gli sport di squadra richiedono sprint massimali o quasi massimali di breve durata (< s) che sono spesso separati da brevi periodi di recupero ( min) La RSA è una qualità importante negli atleti di sport di squadra Tests di RSA predicono la distanza di corsa ad alta intensità e la distanza di sprint durante una partita di calcio professionale. Krustrup et al. (). MSSE. (): 1111. Rampinini, E., Marcora, S.M., Bishop, D., Bravo, D.F., Sassi, R., Impellizzeri, F.M. (). British Journalof Sports Medicine. Determinants of RSA and how to improve them Sport Fisiologia Bishop. (). Game sense or game nonsense? J. Sci. Med. Sport. In Press. 1 Determinanti della RSA? Lattato e H + durante sport Uno sprint massimale di breve durata richiede un alta velocità di formazione di grazie principalmente all idrolisi della e alla glicolisi anaerobica Rimuovere H + H+ 1 Resintesi di Glicolisi An Energia Aerobica Fatto con dati da Gaitanos, (1), 11 Medbo, (1), Gastin, (1), Hultman, (1) and Parolin, (1). 1
1/1/ H + accumulation Accumulation of H + H + Ca + Glucose PFK H + Production Buffer Capacity Pyruvate Jubrias SA. et al. (). Journal of Physiology :. 1 1 Buffer Capacity Blood Buffer Capacity & RSA Na + Proteins Dipeptides (e.g.carnosine & anserine) Phosphates H + CO HCO +H H + + Na + MCT La Cl NBC H + + HCO H CO P dec (%) 1 1 1 r =.1 Blood buffer capacity (mmol H +.L 1.pH 1 ) Juel C. (1) Acta Physiol Scand 1:. 1 1 Bishop et al. (). JSaMS. (): 1. Peak Power (W kg 1 ) 1 1. 1 11. NaHCO & RSA Placebo Bicarb Lactate (mmol kg dw 1 ) NaHCO & Muscle 1 11..1 Placebo Bicarb.1 1. ph. 1 1 Sprint Number..... min PreTest PostTest 1 Bishop et al. () MSSE. ():1. Bishop et al. () MSSE. ():1. 1
1/1/ Muscle Buffer Capacity (Bm) Allenamento e B m e RSA W dec (%) 1 1 1 1 R =. 1 Muscle Buffer Capacity (umol H +.kg dw 1.pH 1 ) Bishop et al. (). EJAP. :. 1 Bishop. and Edge. (). EJAP. :. VOmax (ml.kg 1.min 1 ) Muscle Buffer Capacity 1 1 1 1 1 Cont Interval 1.. PreTrain Cont Interval PreTrain.. PostTrain PostTrain Work (J) PreTrain CONT PreTrain INT PostTrain CONT PostTrain INT 1 Sprint Number Edge, Bishop et al. (). EJAP. :1. Edge, Bishop et al. (). MSSE. (11):11. Athlete Team Sport Endurance Sedentary Come si può aumentare Bm? VO max (ml.kg 1.min 1 ) 1...1 Buffer Capacity 1. 1. 1.1 a large accumulation of H + may be required to improve muscle buffer capacity Weston et al. (1). EJAP. :1 Edge, J., Bishop, D. & Goodman, C. (). EJAP. :1. 1 Change in muscle buffer capacity (umol H +.g 1 dw.ph 1 ) 1 1 1 Edge, Bishop et al. (). EJAP. :1. Harmer et al. (). JAP. :11. Come si può aumentare Bm? Aerobic (< LT) Interval ( s allout sprint: min recovery) Interval ( min @ ~ %VOmax: 1 min recovery) Interval ( min @ ~ %VOmax: 1 min recovery) Repeated Sprint Training (matched work with interval) Interval ( min @ ~ 1%VOmax: 1 min recovery) Edge & Bishop. (). JAP. 11:1. Edge & Bishop. (). Am J Phys. :111. Bishop et al. (). Unpublished. Allenamento intervallatto Applicazioni pratiche No. of Intervals 1 1 Mon Wed Fri Week 1 Week Week Week Week #1: Muscle and blood buffer capacity seem to be important for RSA #: The optimal intensity to improve muscle buffer capacity seems to be ~ %VO max with rest duration less than the work duration #: Training harder is not always better!!
1/1/ Determinants of RSA? e repeated sprints 1 Replenish An Glycolysis Aerobic [] (mmol.kg 1 dw) 1 Femmine Maschi Based on data from Gaitanos, (1), Medbo, (1), Gastin, (1), Hultman, (1), Parolin, (1), McGawley & Bishop () Bishop et al. (). IBEC. p. Gaitanos et al. (1). JAP. ():11. Percentuale del valore iniziale 1 1 Resintesi di e Potenza Espressa Tempo di recupero (min) Potenza Picco [] Power output recovery (%) 1 r =. 1 resynthesis after min of recovery (%) Bogdanis et al. (1) J.Physiol. Resynthesis (%) 1 Come si può la resintesi di? resynthesis occurs by oxidative processes The resynthesis of is related to aerobic fitness (% mm or LT) R =. mm (% VO max) (Bishop et al., Unpublished Data) Bogdanis et al. (1) J. Appl Physiol. (): Training and resynthesis 1 Training and resynthesis [] (mmol.kg 1 dw) 1 Posttraining ( wk: 1 x min @ ~1% VOmax: 1 min rest) Pretraining Rest s all out Post + min Bishop et al.() Am J Physiol Sharp et al. (1) Int. J. Sports Med. :11 Bishop et al.() Unpublished LT (W) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Pre 1 % Post [] (mmol.kg 1 dw) 1 1 Training x / wk for wks 1 x s min rest no VO max Posttraining Pretraining Rest s sprint Post + min Stathis et al. (1) JAP. ():11
1/1/ Applicazioni pratiche Determinants of RSA? #: The extent of resynthesis seems to be important for RSA #: Highintensity interval training ( min @ 1%VO max : 1 min), that improves VO max and the lactate threshold, can improve shortterm resynthesis #: To date, there is no research showing that repeated or intermittent sprint training can improve resynthesis 1 1 Glicolisi An Energia Aerobica Based on data of Gaitanos, (1), Medbo, (1), Gastin, (1), Hultman, (1), Parolin, (1), McGawley & Bishop (). RSA & Aerobic Fitness Aerobic Energy Wdec (%) 1 1 1 1 R =. kj/sprint 1 1 Total anaer Energy ae Energy Contribution (%) 1 1 aer% anaer% Peak VO (ml/kg/min) Sprint 1 Sprint Sprint 1 Sprint Bishop et al. (). EJAP. : McGawley & Bishop. (), Unpublished Data Work (J) 1 RSA & aerobic fitness? MT (VOmax =. ml/kg/min) UT (VOmax =. ml/kg/min) Change in VO max (ml/kg/min) 1 How best to VO max? Aerobic (< LT) Interval ( min @ ~ %VOmax: 1 min recovery) Interval ( min @ ~ %VOmax: 1 min recovery) Interval ( min @ ~ 1%VOmax: 1 min recovery) Interval (1 x s allout sprint: min recovery) Smallsided games Repeated Sprint Training (matched work with interval) 1 1 1 Sprint Number Bishop and Edge (). EJAP. ():. Edge, Bishop et al. (). EJAP. :1. Edge & Bishop. (). JAP. 11:1. Edge & Bishop. (). Am J Phys. In Review. Impellizzeri et al. (). IJSM. :. Harmer et al. (). JAP. :11. Bishop et al. (). Unpublished.
1/1/ Applicazioni pratiche #: Aerobic fitness plays a role in determining RSA (especially in untrained to moderately trained) Allenamento specifico vs generale? Generic Training (% VOmax) Smallsided Games #: If training intensity is > % VO max, then total work seems to be more important than intensity for improving VO max Change (%) 1 1 VOmax (L/min) LT (km/h) Ekblom Test (s) Highintensity (s) Total Distance (m) During soccer match Impellizzeri et al. (). IJSM. :. Coutts et al. (). AAESS Conference. Essempio Tennis Tennis training example Too short to stimulate increases in muscle buffer capacity [La] = mm Match Characteristics: 1 hours Work periods: 1 s Rest periods: 1 s Too long to stimulate increases in muscle buffer capacity W:R ratio = 1: 1: [La] = 11 mm Training Characteristics: 1 min Work periods: > s Rest periods: ½ work time W:R ratio = :1 Kovacs. (). Sports Medicine. ():111. Fernandez. (). Brit. J. Sport. Med. :1. Key Points #: Tennis match play may not be the best way to improve performance Injury In most professional leagues, the best performing teams use less players throughout the year. Therefore: maximise recovery minimise injury risk #: Tennis drills can be modified to provide an appropriate stimulus to increase muscle buffer capacity 1
1/1/ Thanks Collaborators: Prof. Jacques Mercier (France) Dr Hans Edge (New Zealand) Dr Alberto MendezVillanueva (Qatar) Dr Claire Thomas (France) Dr Andy Marangou (Australia) Dr Matt Spencer (Norway) Dr Franco Impellizzeri (Switzerland) Dr Carlo Castagna (Italy) Students: Cindy Davis (Australia) Kerry McGawley (UK) Tom Morris (France) Tom Schneiker (Australia) Nicole Ruch (Switzerland) Domande?