Gweithgaredd Symud T^y Dylai r sesiwn lenwi dau slot amser clwb fel prosiect byr (neu gellir ei defnyddio fel rhan o brosiect hirach o gynnwys yr elfennau ychwanegol). Oeddech chi n gwybod bod adeiladau n symud? Beth sy n digwydd i adeiladau mewn daeargryn neu wynt cryf? Rhowch gynnig ar y fersiwn newydd hon o hen ffefryn. Yn ystod y gweithgaredd bydd eich myfyrwyr yn gallu dangos y syniad o ddeunyddiau cyfnerthedig a dod i r casgliad pa rai yw r gorau i w dewis. Wrth i rym bwyso ar adeilad bydd yn anffurfio: Grym Mae r adeilad wedi i anffurfio ond dylai ddychwelyd i w safle arferol wrth gael gwared ar y grym. Mae hyn yn broblem; os yw ein deunyddiau adeiladu yn rhy anystwyth byddant yn torri pan fydd grym yn pwyso yn eu herbyn, ond os nad ydyn nhw n rhy ystwyth fe fyddan nhw n siglo a methu cynnal yr adeilad. Beth sydd ei angen arnoch Jeli D^wr poeth Jwg (neu ficer i wneud jeli ynddo) Cwpanau polystyren Deunyddiau amrywiol e.e. sblintiau pren, llinyn, gwl^wn, pasta ac ati Hen bapur newydd (i orchuddio r bwrdd!) Stopwats Dirgryniad (rhowch gynnig ar y Jitterbug yn www.mindsetsonline. co.uk cod cynnyrch BUG001 fel dull costeffeithiol o greu dirgryniad, bydd angen i chi lynu r jitterbug i r bwrdd gyda phlastisin, a byddwch angen bateri AA hefyd) Nodyn i Lysgenhadon STEM bydd gan ysgolion lawer o r eitemau sydd eu hangen arnoch, felly gofynnwch i r athro cyn eich sesiwn. Dylid cynnal asesiad risg cyn dechrau r gweithgaredd hwn.
Beth i w wneud Dychmygwch fod angen i chi adeiladu mewn ardal lle mae yna risg o ddaeargrynfeydd. Diben y dasg hon yw gwneud y jeli cryfaf, a fydd yn symud ond heb dorri wrth ddigrynu. Cofiwch na ddylai siglo gormod. Dilynwch y cyfarwyddiadau ar gyfer eich jeli penodol chi, ond defnyddiwch chwarter yn llai o ddŵr na r hyn sydd yn y cyfarwyddiadau, tywalltwch i gwpan, gan lenwi i w hanner. Gwnewch ragor o jeli, ond cyn tywallt trefnwch un o r deunyddiau eraill yn y gwpan. Cofiwch beidio â gorlewni r jeli gyda r deunydd. Ailadroddwch nes byddwch wedi defnyddio r holl jeli/deunydd sydd gennych. Efallai y gallai pob grŵp roi cynnig ar ddeunydd gwahanol? Gadewch i r jelis setio nes eich cyfarfod nesaf o r Clwb cyn ei brofi, efallai bod angen eu rhoi mewn oergell. Wrth i chi aros, gwnewch y jitterbug (dilynwch y cyfarwyddiadau). Ydy r adeiladau jeli yn gallu symud cymaint ag sydd angen? Gosodwch eich jeli n ofalus ar y jitterbug (tynnu r cwpan, torri r polysteren yn ofalus os na ddaw r jeli allan. Ceisiwch gael cymaint â phosibl o r jeli allan yn gyfan). Dylai pob jeli fod ar y jitterbug am dair munud amserwch. Cofiwch orchuddio r bwrdd ac oddi amgylch gyda hen bapur newydd. Pa un yw r jeli gorau? Pa effeithiau mae r grŵp yn sylwi arnyn nhw? Ydy r jeli yn crynu neu n torri? Chwiliwch am ddifrod i r wyneb yn ogystal â thoriadau mawr. Ambell beth ychwanegol Ceisiwch roi pethau yn y jeli e.e. sawl gwelltyn diod. Gallech arbrofi gyda gwahanol fathau o jeli a gwahanol symiau o ddŵr. Prawf arall, a wneir gan Glybiau STEM yn aml, yw gweld pa mor gryf yw eich jelis cyfnerthedig. Rhowch eich jelis ar wyneb gwastad (wedi i orchuddio). Rhowch floc neu fat ar ben eich jeli, yna rhowch fasau ar eu pen i weld faint o bwysau all y jeli ei oddef cyn iddo dorri. Cofiwch ddilyn y gweithdrefnau iechyd a diogelwch arferol wneud wneud arbrofion. Pa atgyfnerthiadau yw r rhai mwyaf effeithiol; sy n gwneud y jeli n gryfach? Gallech greu eich mowldiau eich hun drwy greu gwactod! Esboniad Cysylltiadau Cwricwlwm Mae r arbrawf hwn yn gyfle da i drafod tonnau, dirgryniad, amledd naturiol, mudiant harmonig syml a hyd yn oed daergrynfeydd gyda ch grŵp. Gan ddefnyddio r gweithgaredd hwn, gallwch drafod: Lloegr Gwyddoniaeth: Grymoedd a u heffeithiau, Disgyrchiant a gofod; ABGI: edrych ar sefyllfaoedd bywyd go iawn, dewisiadau personol a blaenoriaethau; Dylunio a Thechnoleg: Dewis deunyddiau Ffocws: deunyddiau gwrthiannol Yr Alban Gwyddoniaeth: Grymoedd 2-07a, 3-07a, 3-08a Drwy ychwanegu deunydd i r jeli rydym wedi i gyfnerthu, yn union fel concrid cyfnerthedig. I wneud concrid cyfnerthedig; caiff y gymysgedd goncrid ei thywallt i r mowld, dros fariau metel sy n cael eu dal mewn tyniant. Wrth gael gwared ar y tyniant mae r bariau metel yn pwyso ar y concrid a i gywasgu. Felly, mae r concrid wedi i gywasgu ac mae gan y bariau metel rywfaint o dyniant yn weddill. Pan roddir llwyth arno bydd y concrid cyfnerthedig yn llawer cryfach. Awgrymiadau defnyddiol Os yn bosibl, cysylltwch y gweithgaredd hwn i gynrychioli digwyddiadau diweddar yn newyddion y byd e.e. Ym mis Chwefror 2011 fe ddefnyddion ni Seiclon Yasi (Awstralia) fel cyd-destun. Gofynnwyd i r myfyrwyr feddwl am adeiladu tai a allai wrthsefyll seiclon. Gallech ddefnyddio proffil Angela hefyd i helpu i gyfleu r sefyllfa. Ond mae daeargrynfeydd yn digwydd yn y DU hefyd. Y cryfaf yn y cyfnod diweddar oedd yr un yn Dudley (Gorllewin Canolbarth Lloegr) yn 2002. Roedd yn mesur 5 ar raddfa Macroseismig Ewrop (98) sy n mesur yr effaith a deimlir gan ddaeargryn. Mae 5 yn ddaeargryn gryf: G mae r dirgryniad yn gryf ac yn achosi gwrthrychau pendrwm i droi drosodd G y rhan fwyaf yn ei deimlo y tu mewn i adeiladau, ychydig yn ei deimlo y tu allan G deffro llawer o bobl oedd yn cysgu G adeiladau n ysgwyd gydol y ddaeargryn G pethau sy n hongian yn siglo llawer G llestri tsiena a gwydrau yn taro yn erbyn ei gilydd Ewch i www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk am fwy o wybodaeth. Tudalen 2
Proffil: Pwy sy n defnyddio r syniadau hyn? Angela Crowther Peiriannydd Strwythurol/Dylunydd Amgylchedd Adeiledig Sector Diwydiannol Sector Adeiladu Beth yw diwrnod arferol Mae gweithio i Expedition Engineering yn rhoi llawer o amrywiaeth i mi. Mae n gwmni cyffrous iawn ac ers i mi ymuno rwyf wedi bod yn helpu i archwilio pa mor ystyriol o r amgylchedd yw Felodrom Olympaidd Llundain 2012. Gwelwyd ei fod yn brosiect cynaliadwy gwych sy n dod yn fwy a mwy enwog fel enghraifft o sut y dylai pawb gynllunio adeiladau yn y dyfodol! Sut y cyrhaeddais i fan hyn Fe wnes i Radd Meistr mewn Peirianneg Sifil a Phensaernïol ym Mhrifysgol Caerfaddon. Derbyniais gefnogaeth trwy nawdd gydol fy ngradd gan Academi Frenhinol Peirianneg a r Sefydliad Peirianwyr Sifil. Cefais arian ganddynt i deithio a dysgu am yr holl swyddi cyffrous amrywiol y gall peirianwyr eu gwneud. Rhan orau r swydd Fe fues i n gweithio am flwyddyn i elusen yn Indonesia a chefais gynllunio ac adeiladu ysgol i 200 o ddisgyblion. Roedd yn rhan o r gwaith ailadeiladu ar ôl Tswnami Dydd Gŵyl San Steffan 2004. Rwyf yn byw yn Llundain bellach ac yn dal i gymryd rhan yn y mathau hyn o brosiectau drwy roi cyngor ar ddylunio i elusen o r enw Architects for Humanity. Ar hyn o bryd rydym yn cynllunio Eco Lodge yn Ghana i AfriKids. Rwyf wrth fy modd gyda'r swydd gan fy mod yn gallu gweld â'm llygaid fy hun yr holl bethau gwych mae peirianwyr yn gallu eu gwneud i helpu pobl. Hoffi Dysgu! Mae dylunwyr angen llawer o ysbrydoliaeth felly allwch chi ddim cael gormod o wybodaeth! Casáu Rhywun yn dweud fod rhywbeth yn amhosibl! Mae yna ateb i w gael bob tro bydd peiriannydd yn debyg o allu canfod yr ateb i chi! Y dyfodol Rwyf am barhau i ddylunio a dim ots beth. Adeiladau, dodrefn, ffyrdd newydd o weithio unrhyw beth sydd ei angen ar gymdeithas! Beth yw peirianneg? Peiriannu yw gwneud i bethau ddigwydd. Rwy n credu bod gan beirianwyr y sgiliau i wneud y dyfodol yn lle gwell i fyw i bawb. Tudalen 3
Dyma yw Peirianneg Mae n rhaid i beirianwyr sifil sicrhau bod adeiladau, ffyrdd a strwythurau yn cael eu hadeiladu n ddigon cryf; mae gallu deall grymoedd a deunyddiau n hanfodol ar gyfer peirianneg o r math hwn. Gellir astudio Peirianneg Sifil mewn llawer o brifysgolion, gyda'r gofynion derbyn yn cynnwys pynciau Safon Uwch, Diplomâu Uwch a Chymwysterau Uwch yr Alban (www.ucas.com). Meysydd cysylltiedig: Peirianneg Adeiladu a Phensaernïol. Beth am roi cynnig ar brentisiaeth mewn Peirianneg Adeiladu (www.apprenticeships.org.uk)? Mae r diwydiant Peirianneg Adeiladu yn bwysig iawn yn economi r DU gan ei fod yn cynllunio, adeiladu a chynnal a chadw prosesau diwydiannol a chyfleusterau cynhyrchu ynni sy n hanfodol i ffyniant a ffordd o fyw y wlad. Yn yr Alban, ewch i www.apprenticeshipsinscotland. com ac yng Nghymru wales.gov.uk/apprenticeships. Mathemateg Ychwanegol Os yw amledd eich jitterbug (dirgryniad) yn 5Hz (h.y. 5 cylch yr eiliad) faint o gylchoedd a gwblheir mewn 3 awr? Os yw r jitterbug yn para am 200,000 o gylchoedd, am faint o oriau y gallai bara? Camau Nesaf Cofiwch fod yna fwy o adnoddau yn networking.stemnet.org.uk I gael mwy o wybodaeth am Glybiau STEM, ewch i www.stemclubs.net I siarad â ch cynrychiolydd STEMNET lleol, ewch i www.stemnet.org.uk/regions I gael mwy o wybodaeth am yr Engineering Engagement Project, ewch i www.raeng.org.uk/eenp Mae Gwobrau CREST yn hawdd eu cynnal, yn annog myfyrwyr i barhau i ddilyn pynciau STEM ac yn ychwanegu gwerth go iawn i geisiadau UCAS. Er mwyn cysylltu syniadau ychwanegol y gweithgarwch hwn â Gwobr Efydd CREST, cysylltwch â ch Cydgysylltydd CREST lleol: www.britishscienceassociation. org/crestcontacts Accredited Scheme Cysylltu â Ni Cefnogir yn hael gan www.baesystems.com/education The Royal Academy of Engineering 3 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5DG Ffon: 020 7766 0600 Ffacs: 020 7930 1549 Gwefan: www.raeng.org.uk Engineering Engagement Project Gwefan: www.raeng.org.uk/eenp Ebost: eenp@raeng.org.uk
This Is Engineering Civil engineers have to ensure that buildings, roads and structures are built strong enough; being able to understand forces and materials is essential for engineering of this type. Civil Engineering can be taken at many universities, with entry requirements covering A Levels, Advanced Diplomas and Scottish Advanced Highers (www.ucas.com). Related fields: Construction and Architectural Engineering. Why not try an apprenticeship in Engineering Construction (www.apprenticeships.org.uk)? The Engineering Construction industry plays an important role in the UK economy through the design, construction and maintenance of industrial processing and energy production facilities that are essential to the country s prosperity and way of life. In Scotland visit www.apprenticeshipsinscotland.com and in Wales wales.gov.uk/apprenticeships. Extra Maths If the frequency of your jitterbug (vibration) is 5Hz (i.e. 5 cycles per second) how many cycles will have been completed in 3 hours If your jitterbug lasted for 200,000 cycles, how many hours could it last? Next Steps Remember there are more resources at networking.stemnet.org.uk For more on STEM Clubs visit www.stemclubs.net To speak with your local STEMNET representative visit www.stemnet.org.uk/regions For more information on the Engineering Engagement Project www.raeng.org.uk/eenp CREST Awards are easy-to-run, encourage students to continue with STEM subjects, and add real value to UCAS applications. To link this activity s extra ideas to a CREST Bronze Award, contact your CREST Local Coordinator: www.britishscienceassociation. org/crestcontacts Accredited Scheme Contact Us Generously supported by www.baesystems.com/education The Royal Academy of Engineering 3 Carlton House Terrace London SW1Y 5DG Tel: 020 7766 0600 Fax: 020 7930 1549 Web: www.raeng.org.uk Engineering Engagement Project Web: www.raeng.org.uk/eenp Email: eenp@raeng.org.uk
Profile: Who Uses These Ideas? Angela Crowther Structural Engineer/Built Environment Designer Industry sector Building Sector What I do on an average day Working at Expedition Engineering I get a lot of variety in my job. They are a very exciting company and since I joined I have been helping to work out how environmentally-friendly the 2012 London Olympic Velodrome is. It turns out it is a fantastically sustainable project that is becoming really famous as an example of how we should all be designing in the future! How I got here I studied a Masters in Civil and Architectural Engineering at the University of Bath. I was supported throughout my degree by scholarships from the Royal Academy of Engineering and Institution of Civil Engineers. This paid for me to travel and learn about all the different exciting jobs engineers can do. My favourite part of my job I spent a year working for a charity in Indonesia. There I got to design and build a school for 200 pupils. It was part of the rebuilding after the 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami. Now living in London I still get involved in these types of projects by giving design advice to a charity called Architects for Humanity. At the moment we are designing an Eco Lodge in Ghana for AfriKids. I love this part of my job because I get to see first-hand all the great things that engineers can do to help people. Likes Learning! Designers need lots of inspiration so you can never have enough knowledge! Dislikes Being told something is impossible! There s always a solution an engineer can probably help you find the answer! The future I really want to be designing but I don t mind what. Buildings, furniture, new ways of working anything society needs! What is engineering? To engineer means to make things happen. I believe engineers have the skills to make the future a better place for all of us. Page 3
What To Do Imagine that you need to build in a possible earthquake area. This task looks at making the strongest jelly, that will move but not break under vibration. Remember we do not want too much wobble. Follow the instructions for your particular jelly, but use approximately a quarter less water than the instructions state, then pour into a cup, only filling halfway. Make another batch, but before pouring arrange one of the other materials in the cup. Remember not to overfill the jelly with material. Repeat for the number of jellies/materials you have available. Perhaps each group could try a different material? Leave the jellies to set until your next Club Meeting before testing, they may need refrigeration. Whilst you wait make your jitterbug (follow the instructions given). Are your jelly buildings able to move just the right amount? Carefully place your jelly on the jitterbug (removing the cup, break the polystyrene carefully if the jelly wont come out. Try to get as much of the jelly out whole as possible). Time each jelly on the jitterbug for three minutes. Remember to cover the table and surrounding area in old newspaper. Which is the best jelly? What effects can your group observe? Does the jelly wobble or break? Look for small surface damage as well as big breaks. Some Extras... Try putting structures into the jelly e.g. assemblies of drinking straws. You could also try different types of jelly and different water quantities. Another test, often done by STEM Clubs, is to see how strong your reinforced jellies are. Place your jellies on (a covered) level surface. Put a block or mat on top of your jelly, then place masses on top to see how much weight the jelly can take before it breaks. Remember to follow usual experiment health and safety procedures. Which reinforcements are most effective; making the jelly stronger? You could always create your own moulds by vacuum forming! Explanation This experiment provides a good opportunity to discuss waves, vibration, natural frequency, simple harmonic motion and even earthquakes with your group. By adding material to the jelly we have reinforced it, just like reinforced concrete. To make reinforced concrete; the concrete mixture is poured into the mould, over metal bars that are held in tension. When the tension is removed the metal bars push on the concrete forcing it into compression. So, the concrete is in compression and the metal bars have some residual tension. When a load is applied the reinforced concrete will be much stronger. Handy Hints Curriculum Links Using this activity you could discuss: England Science: Forces and their effects, Gravity and space PSHE: looking at real life situations, personal preferences and priorities D&T: Selecting materials Focus: resistant materials Scotland Science: Forces 2-07a, 3-07a, 3-08a If possible link this activity to represent recent world news events e.g. In February 2011 we used Cyclone Yasi (Australia) to provide context. Students were asked to think about building houses that could withstand a cyclone. You could also use Angela s profile to help set the scene. However Earthquakes do occur in the UK. The strongest earthquake in recent times occurred in Dudley (West Midlands) in 2002. This measured 5 on the European Macroseismic (98) scale which measures the effect felt from an earthquake. 5 indicates a strong earthquake: G the vibration is strong causing top heavy objects to topple over G felt indoors by most, outdoors by few G many sleeping people awake G a few run outdoors G buildings tremble throughout G hanging objects swing considerably G china and glasses clatter together Visit www.earthquakes.bgs.ac.uk for more information. Page 2
Activity Moving House This session should fill two club timeslots as a short project (or it can be used as part of a longer project if the extras are followed). Did you know that buildings move? What happens to buildings if there is an earthquake or strong wind? Try this new spin on an old favourite. During the activity your students will be able to demonstrate the idea of reinforced materials and conclude which is the best to choose. As a force pushes on a building it will deform: Force The building has been deformed but it should return to its normal position once the force has been removed. This poses a problem; if our building materials are too stiff they will break when a force pushes on them, but if they are not stiff enough they will wobble and will not be able to hold up the building. What You Need Jelly Hot water Jug (or beaker to make jelly in) Polystyrene Cups A variety of materials e.g. wooden splints, string, wool, pasta etc Old Newspaper (to cover the table!) Stopwatch Vibration (try the Jitterbug at www.mindsetsonline.co.uk product code BUG001 as a cost effective method for vibration, you will need to stick the jitterbug to the table using plasticine, you will also need an AA battery) Note for STEM Ambassadors Schools will have many of the items you need, so check with the teacher before your session. A risk assessment should be done before starting this activity.