Nautical Institute Standard for DP Knowledge for Technical Staff 1 st January 2017 Draft 17 th October 2016 1 P a g e
Table of Contents Introduction... 3 Course Aims... 3 Minimum Entry Qualification Requirements... 4 Delivery Method... 4 Course Duration and Setup... 4 Course Contents and Competencies... 5 1. General Overview of DP... 5 2. The Power System... 5 3. The Thruster System... 6 4. Control Systems and Sensors... 6 5. Documentation... 8 6. Manning and Training... 9 7. DP Operation and effects on DP system... 9 8. Lessons Learned... 9 Simulator Equipment Required... 10 Course Assessment... 10 Instructor Qualifications... 10 Course Notes and Resources... 10 Annex 1 - Type Specific Hardware/ Ship Specific Training... 12 2 P a g e
Introduction This course has been developed to help meet the continuing professional development needs for technical staff engaged in operations aboard vessels with dynamic positioning equipment. Training on vessel-specific equipment is necessary if the equipment is sufficiently unique that training on similar equipment does not provide an adequate level of skill, knowledge and ability. A good understanding of the DPO s responsibilities by technical DP personnel and on board familiarisation with the DPO s task in controlling specific DP operations will aid quick and appropriate response to problems associated with any equipment that affects DP. Effective training should enable key DP technical personnel to respond quickly and appropriately to equipment failures and faults that may result in DP incidents and to effectively recover the vessel to a safe DP equipment state 1. Many courses run by manufacturers only cover their equipment and not the interaction of the whole DP system. This course can be run on a standalone basis for all technical staff and for any DPO. It is recommended that a type specific course states that it only covers the manufacturer s equipment. This course will suit all technical staff and help refresh the DP knowledge of technical staff that have not worked on a DP vessel due to the industry down turn. Training centres or organisations which have developed a training programme that is compliant with these requirements may submit an application for accreditation by The Nautical Institute (The NI) for the course. When the organisation is accredited it will be authorised to issue certificates bearing the logo of The NI and to promote their course as being compliant with the standard of The NI. The course has been designed to: Help ensure Safe Engine Room DP operations via training and assessment Provide a foundation for ongoing on-board competency assessment as per IMCA M117, IMCA 002 and IMCA 007 Compliance with the intent of STCW Section B-V/f* that electro-technical and engineer officers may require additional training. Course Aims To give the student the following: Understanding of the theoretical and practical operation of DP systems; Technical understanding of the component parts of the DP and associated systems; An understanding of the limitations of equipment and the effects of equipment failures; An understanding of the limitations and the effects of incorrect operation of the systems; An understanding of work which can safely be undertaken with and without the help of equipment manufacturers, and more importantly, when to stop before affecting the vessels capability to perform DP operations or redundancy; The ability to fault find within the DP system and its components; Familiarisation with FMEAs and the philosophy of system redundancy; An improved ability to operate the Engine Room and DP equipment in a safe and competent manner 1 Extract from IMCA M117 3 P a g e
This course does not cover type specific equipment training. Minimum Entry Qualification Requirements Participants should be an Engineer Officer / ETO or shore based Technical Staff. Participants should have a knowledge of their employers company procedures and vessel safety management system (SMS), particularly relating to DP operations. The course may also be useful to Deck Officers and Masters who require a greater technical understanding of the operation of DP equipment. Delivery Method The course will be theory and NI B class simulator based and will give the participant an overview of DP operation and the effects of system and component failures. On completion of this course participants will understand the general arrangements for DP systems and the principles of operation of the equipment. Participants will gain an understanding of the importance of the interaction between the system components and the modes of operation. The elements of maintenance and operation of a DP system will be covered by the following sections. Power System Thruster System DP Control System Documentation Manning and Training DP Support Safety Essential Non-DP Systems Future Trends including automation and Integrated Bridge Management Systems Simulator Exercises The course is set up to allow devolving some of the course into computer-based or simulator based training. The student-to-instructor ratio will be a maximum of 8 students to one instructor in order to ensure proper learning. However a case may be made for up to 12 students depending on the equipment available. This unit requires the ability to read and interpret typical product specifications, job sheets, procedures, material labels and safety information as provided to operators. Writing is required to the level of completing workplace forms. The course is delivered in English. Course Duration and Setup The course duration for each part will be a minimum of four days with a minimum of 28 hours instruction, simulator time and assessments. 100% attendance and participation in the course is required. Participants will be awarded a Certificate of Training on successful completion of the course. It is recommended that this training course is repeated at least every 5 years. 4 P a g e
Course Contents and Competencies 1. General Overview of DP 1.1. Brief history of DP system development. 1.2. Reasons why DP is used extensively; Client requirements; Safety etc. 1.3. Types of DP vessels. 1.4. Theory of DP control; Explanation of how the system positions the vessel; Heading; Feedback; Wind; Modelling, Kalman filter, controllers and DP current etc. 1.5. DP equipment classes as defined in IMO guidelines and Classification Society rules. 1.6. Typical elements of a generic DP system The following components, sub-systems and documentation of the DP system will be covered in-depth during this course. 2. The Power System All components and systems necessary to supply the DP system with power. The power system includes: 2.1. Auxiliary Systems and Redundancy Concepts Arrangement and configuration of auxiliary systems on DP Class 1, Class 2 and Class 3 Systems. 2.1.1. Fuel, Cooling, Lubrication, Air, HVAC and Ventilation Systems Common methods for achieving required redundancy levels. Common failure modes and ways the redundancy concept can be defeated. 2.2. Generators and Main Engines 2.2.1. Main generators Typical plant configuration for diesel electric DP vessel. Generated voltage and switchboard short circuit design limits. Cooling system. 2.3. Bus-tie requirements 2.3.1. IMO, Class and FMEA requirements Traditional concepts for bus tie operation. Requirements of open and closed bus-tie for DP2 and DP3 as per the vessel FMEA. Operation with closed bus and risk and reliances of the protection system to open under fault conditions. Advances in testing and certification for closed bus tie operation. 2.4. Electrical Systems and Cabling Communications 2.4.1. UPS Redundancy concepts, maintenance and alarms. 2.4.2. AC supplies Identification and redundant arrangements of consumers. Impact of alternative configurations if available and their effect on the redundant concept. 2.4.3. DC supplies Requirements for redundant DC systems, backup supplies for engine control systems and switchboards. Risk of cross connections. 2.4.4. Cable routing Requirements to keep system cables (including DP critical network and communication cabling) separated to maintain the level of redundancy required by the ships DP equipment class. 5 P a g e
2.4.5. Digital interface Concept of digital input and outputs and their use in DP control systems. Network concepts and failure modes. 2.4.6. Analogue interface Various analogue signals associated with DP control systems and their use. 2.4.7. Serial interface Concept of serial data and its use in DP control systems. NMEA system of serial strings and their use. 2.5. Power Management System custom systems and IMO DP equipment class 2/3 requirements Maintaining continuity of electrical power under all defined load and failure conditions. 2.5.1. General system functions Typical functionality which supports redundancy requirements for Class 2/3 e.g. load dependent start, load shedding, fault detection, blackout protection. Potential failure modes and ways redundancy can be defeated. 2.5.2. Extra loads on switchboard with different operation, Drilling, ROV etc. 2.5.3. Extra redundancy required for working drift on. 3. The Thruster System All components and systems necessary to supply the DP system with thrust force and direction. The thruster system includes: 3.1. Thruster Drive and Auxiliary Systems 3.1.1. Azimuth thrusters, Tunnel thrusters, Propellers and other systems Types of thrusters, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of each type of propulsion. 3.1.2. Thruster Control Concepts Use of analogue and digital signals. Command/feedback, DP and thruster control loops. 3.1.3. Thruster redundancy DP equipment class thruster redundancy requirements, including thruster power supply, cooling and control arrangements, including main propulsion CPPs and rudders where part of the DP system. 3.1.4. Thruster supply change over Risks associated with arrangements where power can be supplied from multiple redundant groups, and change over arrangements where fitted. 3.1.5. Thruster failure modes Common failure modes, troubleshooting, and use of DP system. 4. Control Systems and Sensors All control components and systems, hardware and software necessary to dynamically position the vessel. The DP control system consists of the following: 4.1. DP Computer System/Joystick System 4.1.1. DP operator workstation Detail the operation of the workstation system hardware and software. Importance of carrying out full testing after any software patches or modifications have been carried out by manufacturer. Redundancy of the system and changing between systems. 4.1.2. Control processor(s) The role of the control processor(s) in the DP system. Redundant design of the system. 6 P a g e
4.1.3. Independent joystick system Independent joystick system; class requirements and use. Joystick hardware and interface systems. 4.1.4. Peripherals Printer DP Data Logger if fitted. 4.1.5. Change-over switch, manual controls/dp/joystick Typical arrangements for provision and purpose of this switch. Failure modes and incidents. 4.1.6. DP Software Concepts of DP control Freedoms of movement. Topography of a complete DP vessel. Basic Concepts of DP positioning and model. 4.2. Position Reference Systems; Hardware Software and Sensors 4.2.1. DGPS/DGNSS Principles of GPS, DGPS and PPP. Advantages and disadvantages of DGNSS. Common failure modes. 4.2.2. Acoustic Principles and purpose of hydro acoustic systems. Advantages and disadvantages of hydro acoustic systems. Common failure modes. 4.2.3. Taut wire Principles and purpose of Taut Wire systems. Advantages and disadvantages of Taut Wire systems. Common failure modes. 4.2.4. Laser 4.2.4.1. CyScan Principles and purpose of CyScan systems. Advantages and disadvantages of CyScan systems. 4.2.4.2. Fanbeam Principles and purpose of Fanbeam systems. Advantages and disadvantages of Fanbeam systems. 4.2.4.3. SpotTrack Principles and purpose of Fanbeam systems. Advantages and disadvantages of Fambeam systems. Common failure modes. 4.2.5. Microwave 4.2.5.1. Radius Principles and purpose of Radius systems. Advantages and disadvantages of Radius systems. 4.2.5.2. RadaScan Principles and purpose of RadaScan systems. Advantages and disadvantages of RadaScan systems. 4.2.5.3. Artemis Principles and purpose of Artemis systems. Advantages and disadvantages of Artemis systems. Common failure modes. 4.2.6. Inertial Navigation Systems GNSS Aiding. Hydroacoustic Aiding. 4.2.7. Concepts DP control system use of position inputs reference system handling 7 P a g e
4.2.8. Potential common failure modes relationships and reliances between sensors and PRS 4.2.9. Position reference system offsets 4.3. DP Sensor Systems 4.3.1. Gyro Principles and purpose of Gyro systems. Gyro Types. Maintenance requirements. Common equipment faults of Gyro systems. 4.3.2. MRU/VRU Principles and purpose of MRU systems. MRU/VRU Types. Maintenance requirements. Common equipment faults of MRU systems. 4.3.3. Environment Sensors 4.3.3.1. Wind Sensor Principles and purpose of Wind Sensor systems. Wind Sensor Types. Maintenance requirements. Common equipment faults of Wind Sensor systems. 5. Documentation 5.1. FMEA Introduction to the requirements and available guidance related to FMEAs and its importance. Understand the importance of the WCF and FMEA Proving Trials. Understand FMEA management process and role of DP Annual Trials. Study of an actual Vessel FMEA to illustrate the process of redundant system review. 5.2. Capability Plots How capability plots are produced. Review of capability plots, in particular the WCIF. 5.3. Management of Change Procedures Recognise importance of MOC processes and effect of modifications in FMEA management process. 5.4. ASOG/ CAMO/ TAM Principles of Operational Activity Planning Tools, origin, development and available guidance. Relationship between tools and FMEA. Practical application of tools to manage and risk assess routine operations, maintenance and failures. 5.5. System and Equipment Manuals 5.6. Hazards Hazards of carrying out maintenance to systems while on DP. Importance of permit to work systems. Managing risk during reinstatement of equipment. 5.7. Incident Reporting IMCA and MTS schemes 5.8. Planned Maintenance Importance of an effective planned maintenance system to ensure reliability of the DP equipment. Management of maintenance during critical operations. 5.9. IMO 645 Requirements 5.10. Use of IMO 645 by Class, IMCA and MTS 5.11. MTS Documents available and what they contain 5.12. IMCA Documents available and what they contain 5.13. MTS DMAT and use on board 8 P a g e
6. Manning and Training 6.1. ER watch-keeping principles and procedures during DP operations including pre-operational checks. 6.2. Effective communication for routine and non-routine events. 7. DP Operation and effects on DP system Information required when reporting system problems. Troubleshooting resources. Remote diagnostics what information is required, where to find and how to communicate. 7.1. ASOG Principle and layout of Activity Specific Operational Guidelines. 7.2. CAMO Principle and layout of Critical Activity Mode of operation. 7.3. TAM Principle and layout of Task approximate mode. 7.4. TAGOS - Principle and layout of Thruster and Generator Operating Strategy. 7.5. Safe setup of DP vessel using Activity-Specific Operational Guidelines (ASOGs). 7.6. Limitations of different type of DP operations. 7.7. ASOG used as a decision making tool for action to take after a failure. 7.8. SIMOPS 7.9. Limitations and extra redundancy required wen vessel are in Close proximity and drift on. 7.10. Operating in open water. 7.11. Possible effects of subsea operation on DP vessels. 8. Lessons Learned 8.1. Common causes of DP incidents (past incident case studies) 8.2. Communications and DP alert system 8.3. Information required when reporting system problems Remote diagnostics what information is required, where to find and how to communicate. 9 P a g e
Simulator Equipment Required Simulator equipment required to run the standalone course: The minimum simulator requirement is an NI Class B simulator in an accredited NI Training Centre. Hardware (not required to be working) Controller, I/O units, Opt isolators, UPS, Computer with a free software package for serial string generator. Simulator exercises Demonstrate pitch feedback error on DP screen Demonstrate a problem of command signal Demonstrate a reject problem Demonstrate the use of a high set point speed Demonstrate if the DP is unstable Demonstrate if a NEMA string of data is being received but the DP controller and information contained. Many more to be added But all will be able to complete on a NI B class simulator. Course Assessment A written assessment using multiple-choice questions will be completed by each student at the end of the course. The NI will administer an online assessment. Participants successfully completing the assessment will be issued with a course certificate. The following are to be part of a practice exam on the Class B simulator. Using the DP system display: Identify a thruster pitch feedback Identify a thruster command error Identify a position reference system fault, failure or degradation. Identify a sensor fault or failure. Identify a power plant configuration where the redundancy concept is defeated. Identify a scenario where the vessel is being operated beyond its redundant limits so the WCFDI is defeated. Identify an alternative thruster or power configuration (thruster or generator not available) and determine whether or not the redundancy concept is intact or defeated. Can operations be conducted? Describe actions with reference to ASOG/CAMO/TAM in response to an equipment status change Instructor Qualifications The course shall be conducted by an NI DP instructor (Induction and Simulator Course). The instructor shall have completed a manufacturer Type Specific equipment training course within the last 3 years. The course may be delivered by one or two instructors. Centres should engage suitably qualified and experienced technical staff to supplement the delivery as required. Course Notes and Resources The notes and backup information will be a major part of this course, and will be supplied to each participant on a USB drive/ DVD. 10 P a g e
All course notes and support documents. IMCA M117 IMO STCW 2010 Manila Amendments MTS DP Operations Guidance (all) MTS TECHOPS MTS Design philosophy MTS LFI DP Manuals. Class Guide for Dynamic Positioning Systems 11 P a g e
Annex 1 - Type Specific Hardware/ Ship Specific Training Minimum Entry Qualification Requirements Participants should be an Engineer Officer / ETO / DPO or shore based Technical Staff. Type Specific hardware / Ship specific training Recommend Course outline The NI recommends Type Specific training should be at two levels: Able to carry out repairs with the support of phone support by manufactures Full technician, allowed to complete repairs without the need of Manufacturer s support. The NI recommends Type Specific DP Hardware Training content to be setup by the equipment manufacturer. The following should be used as a guide for setting up Type Specific training: Overview of DP hardware layout (DP console, DP computer, DP controller, remote joystick panel, UPS, sensors, PRS, printer... etc.) Identify every element of DP hardware (equipment, component and sub-component), installation location and specific PRS blind spots or shadow Understand basic function of each DP hardware and component Arrangement for the types of thrusters and rudder system on board, interface type and their possible failures on electrical, control, mechanical and hydraulic and how different failures can result in drive-off or drift-off Arrangements for shaft generator, aux generator and switchboard arrangement on board for DP operation Identify and understand manufacturer instruction manual for hardware and component Interpret and proper use of cable layout, cable details, IO specification, and identify types of power input and power redundancy Identify types of interface in use for sensors, PRS, thrusters, switchboard etc. (serial, NMEA, digital, analog and Ethernet) Alarms, shut-downs and interlock arrangements Identify worst case failure and understand failure effect and corrective measures Use of proper tools, safe and non-intrusive troubleshooting on failure of equipment, component and interface, and when you should not go further Fault identification 12 P a g e
Reporting of failure and troubleshooting result or finding Maintenance measures - Preventive, Predictive, periodic and Corrective Basic spare parts inventory, inspection, storage and maintenance Use of spare parts and components Start up, shut down and rebooting computer and system Communication arrangements for technical support remote diagnostics/email address Engineer s role in annual survey to know all information of vessel prior to survey Course Assessment A Type Specific Course shall have an assessment at the end of the type specific training to ensure the training is fully understood. The type of assessment shall be determined by the manufacturer. Simulator Equipment Required To run Type Specific equipment the equipment manufacturer shall specify the equipment required for training which could be a simulator or equipment on board the actual Ship on which the Engineers will be working. Instructor Qualifications for Type Specific Course The instructor shall be trained by the equipment manufacturer to a manufacturer service technician level OR to the satisfaction of the equipment manufacturer. When appropriate shipboard instruction from manufacturers/suppliers can be replaced by instruction from experienced ship s personnel, that is, for example, personnel who are certified by their company to conduct such training on the relevant equipment 2. Course Notes and Resources Type Specific Course reference material to be supplied as recommended by manufacturer. 2 Extract from IMCA M117 13 P a g e