LESSONS LEARNED FROM A COMMUNITY- BASED MPA NETWORK IN HAWAII Brian Tissot, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA
West Hawai`i Aquarium Project Major Investigators: Bill Walsh, Hawai i Division of Aquatic Resources Brian Tissot, Washington State University Vancouver Sara Peck, UH Sea Grant Extension Service West Hawaii Fisheries Council, Kailua-Kona, HI Ivor Williams, Hawai i Division of Aquatic Resources Student Divers: Delisse Ortiz, Jonathan Hultquist, Kathy Greenwood, Mark Albins, Paul Clark, Steve Cotton, Jeff Elba, Karen Geisler, Ranya Henson, Jackie Holbrook, Shaun Norris, Daniel Okumura, Kara Osada, Kim Page, Greg Polloi, Linda Preskitt, Noelani Puniwai, Dan VanRavensway, Todd Wass, Lisa Wedding, Darla White, Rachael Younger, Brian Zyglicynski + many others Others: Bob Nishimoto, Brent Carmen, Pete Hendricks, Hawai i Division of Aquatic Resources Leon Hallacher, University of Hawai i Hilo
Lessons Learned 1. Engaged Community & Legislature Need top-down & bottom-up support 2. Strong Natural & Social Science Cooperative research program 3. MPA Network Effectiveness Spillover & Connectivity Connections to fishery
Conflict over aquarium fish Shared resources: Harvest vs. view fish Clash over perceived decline
Community Engagement 1978: Tropical reef fish conference 1987: Informal agreements 1991: Kona Coast Fishery Management Areas 1996: West Hawaii Reef Working Group 1997: Lost Fish Coalition Tissot & Hallacher, 2003, Conservation Biology, 17(6): 1759-1768
Legislative support Act 306: West Hawai`i Regional Fisheries Management Area 1. Designate > 30% of coast as MPAs 2. Involve community in co-management 3. Evaluate effectiveness West Hawai ii Fisheries Council West Hawai ii Aquarium Project
Fishery Replenishment Areas (FRAs) Prohibit aquarium fish collecting Closed Dec. 31, 1999 1. North Kohala (20 km 2 ) 2. Puako (51) 3. Ka`upulehu (45) 4. Honokohau (3.8) 5. Kailua-Kona (41) 6. Red Hill (2.5) 7. Honaunau (15) 8. Ho`okena (5.8) 9. Miloli`i (3.9) 35% of West Hawai i coast (0-200 m)
Monitoring Program 1. Ten years: 1 yr baseline, 9-yrs closure 2. Funded by NOAA through Hawai`i Coral Reef Initiative Research Program and Hawai`i DAR 3. Mandate through Act 306 4. Cooperative research program
Rigorous BACI Design 5k Observational design block Control Open FRA - collecting + collecting + collecting - collecting Repeated measure BACI design: Among treatments (C-FRA, C-O) Before vs. After Among locations
Ten Years of Monitoring control open FRA 23 study sites - established pre-fra (1999) 4-6 surveys per year Every 5 years for corals & habitat Fish categorized into life stages: Adult Juvenile Recruit
Yellow Tang Replenishment Mea an Densit ty (#/100 m 2 ) 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Yellow Tang Replenishment Mea an Densit ty (#/100 m 2 ) 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Yellow Tang Replenishment Mea an Densit ty (#/100 m 2 ) 40 30 20 10 YOY 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Yellow Tang Replenishment Mea an Densit ty (#/100 m 2 ) 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Yellow Tang Replenishment Mea an Densit ty (#/100 m 2 ) 40 30 20 10 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Evidence for Adult Spillover Williams et al. 2009, Biol. Conserv.
Genetic Connectivity 1071 adults & recruits 11 loci Parentage analysis Four adult-offspring pairs Christy, Hixon, et al, manuscript
Genetic Connectivity 1071 adults & recruits 11 loci Parentage analysis Four adult-offspring pairs Christy, Hixon, et al, manuscript
Productive Fishery Walsh et al., 2004; Williams et al., 2009
Improved Economics & Reduced Conflict Fisher Survey of MPA Effects: (n=21) Change in Socio-Economic Status: 45% -- Better or Much Better 45% -- Unchanged 5% -- Worse or Much Worse Conflict with others: 34% -- Better or Much Better 46% -- Unchanged 20% -- Worst Todd Stevenson
Lessons Learned 1. Engaged Community & Legislature Need top-down & bottom-up support 2. Strong Natural & Social Science Cooperative research program 3. MPA Network Effectiveness Spillover & Connectivity Connections to fishery