LOK SABHA SECRETARIAT PARLIAMENT LIBRARY AND REFERENCE, RESEARCH, DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATION SERVICE (LARRDIS) MEMBERS REFERENCE SERVICE REFERENCE NOTE. No. 20/RN/Ref./July/2015 For the use of Members of Parliament Not for Publication SPORTS DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The reference material is for personal use of the Members in the discharge of their Parliamentary duties, and is not for publication. This Service is not to be quoted as the source of the information as it is based on the sources indicated at the end/in the text. This Service does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy or veracity of the information or views contained in the note/collection.
SPORTS DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA 1. INTRODUCTION Sports and Games have always been perceived as an integral component in the allround development of personality. Apart from being a means of entertainment and physical fitness, sports have always played a greater role in generating spirit of healthy competition and bonding among us. Today, sports emerge as an important component of socioeconomic development of the country and the Government plays a crucial role in promoting sports. The Government and governmental organizations are responsible in making sports policies, allocating grants for developing infrastructure, nurturing talents and designing specialized programmes for overall development of sports. Today, many types of sports are played across the country. Things apart, regional games have also become a way of life. India first participated at the Summer Olympic Games in 1920, and, since then, has participated in every Summer Olympic Games. India s first achievement in Gold Medal in Olympics dates back to the 1928 Summer Olympic Games, winning Men s Field Hockey. Abhinav Bindra became the first Indian to win an individual Gold Medal at the Olympic Games 1. In recognition of the importance of sports, a separate department was set up in 1982, prior to the commencement of the 9th Asian Games. National Sports Policy 1984 was the first move towards developing an organized and systematic framework for the development and promotion of sports in the country, and the precursor of the present National Sports Policy, 2001 2. 2. NATIONAL SPORTS POLICIES/GUIDELINES/LEGISLATION Government of India also has been, from time to time, taking various steps and initiatives to promote good governance practices in the management of sports at the national level in pursuance of successive National Sports Policies. These policies are based on the Basic Universal Principles of Good Governance of Olympic and Sports movement and do not, in any manner, contradict or interfere with the autonomy of the 1 India, Rajya Sabha, Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development. 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16 of Department of Sports (presented on 28.4.2015) 2 India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Annual Report 2014-15, p.
-2- national sports bodies in discharging their functions and duties in accordance with the International Olympic Committee Charter 3. National Sports Policy 2001: The twin planks of the Sports Policy 2001 are Broadbasing of Sports and Achieving Excellence in Sports at the national and international levels. The salient features of the Policy; Up-gradation and development of infrastructure; Support to National Sports Federations and other sports bodies; Strengthening of scientific and coaching support to sports; Special incentives to promote sports; Enhanced participation of women, scheduled tribes and rural youth; Involvement of corporate sector in sports promotion; and Promote sports mindedness among the public at large 4. National Sports Development Code of India (NSDCI), 2011: In the recent past Government has taken various steps to further improve the management of National Sports Federations (NSFs) and sports in the country such as notification of the Anti-Doping Code; introduction of annual recognition of NSFs; measures to ensure free, fair and transparent elections by the NSFs; and measures to combat age fraud in sports; and guidelines for the prevention of sexual harassment of women in sports. The various orders/circulars issued by the Government from time to time are amalgamated under this National Sports Development Code of India, 2011 5. National Sports Development Bill, 2013: The Working Group, headed by Justice (Retd.) Mukul Mudgul, has formulated a draft of the National Sports Development Bill, 2013. This has been circulated to the stakeholders for seeking their comments/suggestions. The same has also been placed on the website of the Ministry www.yas.nic.in, inviting suggestions 6. The Bill seeks to provide for promotion and development of sports and welfare measures for sportspersons, promotion of ethical practices in sports including elimination of doping practices, fraud of age and sexual harassment of women in sports, constituting and establishing bodies to deal with Sports Disputes, Ethics, Elections and Athletes representation and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto 7. 3 India, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sport Department of Sports. National Sports Development Code of India 2011, pp.1-2 4 Op.cit., Annual Report 2014-15, pp. 100-101 5 Op.cit., National Sports Development Code of India, p.2 6 Rajya Sabha Unstarred Question No. 464 dated 7.8.2013 7 www.yas.nic.in
3. OVERVIEW OF THE FUNCTIONING OF DEPARTMENT OF SPORTS / SCHEMES/ PROGRAMMES -3- Sports is a state subject and it is primarily the responsibility of the State Governments to create adequate sports infrastructure within the States. Further, the Central Government complements and supplements efforts of States in this regard. Department of Sports has two primary objectives i.e. broad basing of sports (making sports available to all) and achieving excellence in sports. To realise the first objective i.e. broad basing of sports there are two major schemes running in the Department i.e. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan and Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme 8. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan (RGKA) - The RGKA, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme introduced in 2014-15 in place of erstwhile Panchayat Yuva Krida Aur Khel Abhiyan (PYKKA), aims at achieving the objectives of broad-basing of sports facilities and mass participation in sports by providing basic sports infrastructure and equipment at the Panchayat level and encouraging sports and games in rural areas through annual competitions at the block and district levels. RGKA will help the States in promoting sport at the grassroots level, which they have not been able to achieve on their own so far due to severe resource constraints. It will also deepen and widen the seedbed of sporting talent, leading to better performances by our sportspersons in national and international events. RGKA envisages to be an important foundation of the grand strategy for development of sports facilities; identification and nurturing of sporting talent in the country as against the creation of sports facilities in Village Panchayats and Block Panchayats as per the existing scheme. RGKA will be the building block and foundation for the long term framework to create a sports ecosystem in the Country and also to make sports as a way of life and an industry in the country and to achieve the goal of becoming one of the first 10 sporting nations in the world by 2020. The RGKA scheme has been implemented with effect from 01st April 2014. In the Budget Estimate 2015-16, Rs. 95 crores have been 8 Op.cit., 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16
-4- allocated for RGKA. During BE 2014-15 the fund allocation was for Rs. 200 crores, however, during the RE stage it was reduced to Rs.85 crores. In the RGKA scheme, it is proposed to construct a sports complex in each block both for outdoor and indoor sports disciplines on land measuring about six - seven acres at a cost of Rs. 80 lakh each (Total Rs. 1.60 crore). There is also provision of Rs. 15 lakh for sports equipment to be provided by Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports. A number of Sports competitions are organized annually under RGKA Scheme, such as - Rural sports competitions at block, district, state and national level; North-East Games at district, state and national level ; and Women championships at district, state and national level 9. Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme - Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme, introduced in 2010-11, envisages development of playfields by the State Governments through Playfield Associations, coach development programme through Central and State Governments, creation of infrastructure including laying of artificial turfs for hockey, football and athletics, and construction of multi- purpose hall. Under the Scheme, State Governments, local civic bodies, schools, colleges, universities and sports control boards are eligible for assistance 10. The Scheme focuses on promoting and supporting a mechanism at national and state level to encourage, assist and preserve community playfields, incentivizing utilization of infrastructure already available in the State at all levels by filling up critical gaps, creating need-based infrastructure and creating capacity building among coaches, including community coaches 11. To achieve the other main objective of the Department, i.e., achieving excellence in sports there are two major areas one is National Sports Federation and other is the Sports Authority of India. National Sports Federations (NSFs): Promotion and development of specific sports disciplines is mainly the responsibility of the concerned National Sports Federations 9 Ibid 10 Ibid 11 Op.cit., 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16
-5- (NSFs). Government supplements the efforts of the NSFs by providing financial assistance to the NSFs under the Scheme of Assistance to NSFs for various activities such as holding coaching camps for national level sportspersons, zonal and national championships for sub-junior, junior and senior categories, organizing International tournaments in India, training and participation of sportspersons/teams in international tournaments abroad, procurement of sports and sports science equipment and consumables, engagement of foreign coaches/experts to train athletes, etc. as per agreed Long Term Development Plans. During the current financial year, an amount of Rs.185 crore has been allocated under this Scheme 12. The Sports Authority of India (SAI) is the field arm of the Department and was set up in 1984 as a registered Society. SAI is engaged in spotting and nurturing talent at all levels by providing the requisite infrastructure and equipment, coaching facilities, scientific back up, nutritious diet, competition and exposure. It is also entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining and utilizing, on behalf of the Department, the five Stadia in Delhi which were constructed/renovated for the IX Asian Games held in New Delhi in 1982. There are 9 Regional Centres of SAI, which are located at Bangalore, Gandhinagar, Delhi, Lucknow, Chandigarh, Kolkata, Imphal, Bhopal and Sonepat. In addition, through the Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports (NIS) Patiala, its academic arm, SAI offers a variety of courses in sports coaching and sports medicine; and graduate and postgraduate courses in physical education are offered at the Lakshmibai National College of Physical Education (LNCPE), Thiruvananthapuram 13. A brief outline of schemes implemented by SAI for spotting and nurturing of sports talent and the promotion of sports in the country is as under:- National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) Specail Area Games (SAG) SAI Training Centres (STC) Centres of Excellence (COE) 12 Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No. 2266 dated 10.3.2015 13 Op.cit., 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16
given below: -6- The projected budget estimates for 2015-16 Sports Promotional Schemes are as (Figures in Rs. Lakhs) S. No. Schemes ROI NER TOTAL 1. National Sports Talent Contest (NSTC) 203.98 18.41 222.39 2 Army Boys Sports Companies (ABSC) 1307.81 98.00 1405.81 3 SAI Training Centre (STC) 3679.02 694.82 4373.84 4 Special Area Games (SAG) 705.48 885.32 1590.80 5 Extension of STC/SAG Centres 241.38 43.77 285.15 6 Centre of Excellence (COE) 567.71 49.09 616.80 TOTAL: 6705.38 1789.41 8494.79 Source: India, Rajya Sabha, Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development, 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16, Department of Sports OTHER PROMOTIONAL SCHEMES OF DEPARTMENT OF SPORTS Scheme Related to Promotion of Excellence in Sports - It includes Scheme of Assistance to National Sports Federation, Scheme of Human Resource Development in Sports, National Sports Development Fund and Financial Assistance from NSDF. Scheme Relating to Incentives to Sportspersons - The Ministry implements various schemes for giving incentives to sports persons to take up sports. It includes Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award, Arjuna Awards, Dronacharya Awards, Maulana Kalam Azad Trophy, Rashtriya Khel Protsahan Puruskar, Special Awards to winner in International Sports events and their coaches to encourage and motivate outstanding sport persons for higher achievements. Scheme of Sports Fund for pensions to meritorious for sportsperson, National Welfare Fund for Sportspersons. Scheme Relating to Participative Sports - It includes Sports competitions under Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan. And a Scheme for promotion of sports among persons with disabilities was formulated during 2004. The main objective of the scheme is broad basing participative sports among disables. Under this scheme during 2014-15, grants to 35 schools were provided under the scheme till 31.12.2014. 42350 persons with disabilities participated in competitions conducted at district and State levels during 2014-15 14. 14 Op.cit. Annual Report, pp.159-167
-7- National Anti Doping Agency - NADA has initiated a campaign for conducting anti doping awareness workshops/ programs for the sports community which is called Program for Education and Awareness on Anti Doping in Sports (PEADS). NADA has implemented the dope testing policy for conducting dope test across various sports disciplines 15. 4. BUDGETARY ALLOCATION, 2015-16 Budgetary allocation for Sports 2015-16 is Rs. 1005 crore and percentage allocation for sports vis-a-vis total play outlay is 0.174 per cent. The scheme-wise plan and non-plan allocation of the Department for the B.E. 2015-16 with Rs.1005.48 crores in plan side and Rs. 76.65 crores in the non-plan side is as given under 16 :- Sl. No. Name of the Scheme Plan Non-Plan 1. Sports Authority of India (SAI) 345.78 58.61 2. Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education 45.00 15.00 3. Special Cash Awards 30.00-4. Pension to Meritorious Sports Persons 2.00-5. Assistance to National Sports Federations 185.00-6. Human Resource Development in Sports 5.00-7. National Sports Development Fund (NSDF) 5.00-8. Urban Sports Infrastructure 25.00-9. National Dope Testing Laboratory 8.90-10. National Anti Doping Agency (NADA) 2.50-11. World Anti Doping Agency (WADA) 0.60-12. Promotion of Sports among Disabled 4.00-13. SAI Stadia Renovation 0.10-14. National Institute of Sports Science and Sports 0.50 - Medicine 15. National Institute of Sports Coaching 0.50-16. National Physical Fitness Programme-Resource 0.10 - Centre at LNIPE Gwalior 17. Scheme for Identification and Nurturing of Sporting 0.50 - Talent in the Country (INSTALL) 18. Enhancement of Sports Facility at J&K 100.00-19. Sports University in North East 50.00-20. National Sports Talent Search System Programme 100.00 0.00 21. Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan 95.00-22. Awards - 1.62 23. National Welfare Fund for Sports Persons - 1.00 24. Other Programmes - 0.42 Total 1005.48 76.65 Source: India, Rajya Sabha, Department Related Parliamentary Standing Committee on Human Resource Development, 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16 of Department of Sports 15 www.yas.nic.in Initiatives, Achievements, Policies and Roadmap for the future 16 Ibid
-8- National Sports Development Fund (NSDF):To augment financial resources for sports sector through public as well as private sector, the Government has instituted National Sports Development Fund (NSDF) in 1998 with a view to mobilizing resources from Government as well as non-governmental sources, including the private/corporate sector and non-resident Indians. This Fund has received contributions from Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL), Jindal Steel & Power Ltd, Oriental Bank of Commerce, Videocon International Ltd, Powergrid Corporation of India, State Bank of India, Jaypee Sports Internatioinal Limited, etc. In order to encourage corporate entities, both public and private and individuals, for contributing to NSDF, 100% exemption from income tax is available on all contributions to National Sports Development Fund (NSDF). Contributors to NSDF are free to assign the funds for specific purpose. Further, nationally recognized sports, paralympic sports and Olympic sports has been included in Schedule VII of the Companies Act, 2013, which would allow companies to spend on development of sports from the funds earmarked for Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) related activities. Inclusion of sports in this Schedule is expected to give a boost to the promotion and development of sports in the country and the much needed funds from companies, both in public and private sector, are expected to flow into sports sector 17. 5. RECENT MAJOR INITIATIVES Recent initiatives by the Department of Sports are as under: 1. Setting-up of the Manipur Sports University in Manipur. The Department is taking steps to get it established. The site has been identified. The land is likely to be available soon. 2. Second major initiative was the National Sports Talent Search Scheme (NSTSS), which basically deals with identification of sporting talent in the country in the age group of 8-12 years. The scheme has been developed and notified and the initial selections should be taking place in this year. 3. The third initiative is the setting up of national academies in some of our major prominent sports, largely under the aegis of SAI in collaboration with the National Sports Federations. 17 Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No.1359 dated 3.3.2015
-9-4. The fourth is the development of sports infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir. This basically involves remodeling and renewal of the two major stadia in Srinagar and Jammu and also development of some sports facilities in district headquarters 5. The setting up of Indian Institute of Sports Science and Medicine and the National Institute of Sports Coaching. These two projects are still at the formulation stage and will take some more time for getting established 18. 6. INDIA'S POSITION IN OLYMPICS GAMES, ASIAN GAMES AND COMMONWEALTH GAMES India got 55 th position in Olympic Games 2012 and won 2 Silver and 4 Bronze medals; in Commonwealth Games 2014 India stood at 5 th position with 15 Gold, 30 Silver and 19 Bronze Medals; and in Asian Games 2014 India got 8 th position and won 11 Gold, 10 Silver and 36 Bronze medals. Proud Moments of Indian Sport in Previous Year 1. 2012 London Olympics- 2 Silver and 4 Bronze Medals 2. India beat Sri Lanka to win Cricket World Cup in 2011 3. XVI Asian Games Guangzhou 2010-14 Gold, 17 Silver, 33 Bronze total 65 4. 19 Commonwealth Games Delhi- 2010, 38 Gold, 27 Silver, 36 Bronze, total 101 5. Beijing Olympics - 1 Gold, 2 Bronze 6. Twenty20 World Cup Cricket, South Africa 2007 7. 2004 Athens Olympics- 1 Silver Medal 8. 1st Afro Asian Games 2003-19 Gold, 31 Silver, 21 Bronze total 71 9. 2000 Olympics- Bronze Medal 10. 9th Asian Games 1982-13 Gold, 19 Silver and 25 Bronze 11. Indian won hockey World Cup in Malaysia for the first time in 1975 12. Olympic Bronze Medal, Helsinki 1952 13. The India contingent marches past in the opening of the first Asian Games 1951 19. CONCLUSION Despite varied and concerted efforts, the performance of Indian sports at the International level is not very convincing. A few steps may be taken to make these initiatives more comprehensive, like allocation of funds, as the percentage of budget, should be increased rationally to broad-base sports in the country; sports should be made as an integral part of the education system to inculcate sports culture from the school level; 18 Op.cit., 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16 19 www.yas.nic.in
-10- uniformity should be maintained in sports specific activities of various States of India to provide equal participation opportunity to its citizens; and a structure of good management, control and exercise should be incorporated to make the system transparent and accountable 20. 20 Op.cit., 269 Report on Demands for Grants 2015-16