Booster Regulator/Air Tank

Booster Regulator/Air Tank Increase factory air pressure by up to 4 times! Air-only operation requires no power supply, reduces heat generation, and Boost pressure allows easy installation. NEW Renewed model with pressure increase ratio to 4 times (VBAA) Factory line 0.3 MPa Booster Regulator + Air Tank 0.6 MPa New Heavy RoHS 0.3 MPa 0.3 MPa Light Compressor 0.3 MPa Light No power supply or wiring needed There is no need to install dedicated electrical wiring. Easy installation Simply insert the unit in the air line. Requires far less space than installing the compressor. Low heat generation Very little heat is generated because no electricity is used, and there is no impact on cylinders, solenoid valves, etc. Air-only operation Operation is safe because no electricity is used. Booster Regulator/Series VBA Series VBA/VBAT Air Tank/Series VBAT CAT.EUS-96D-UK

Booster Regulator Series VBA How to Order RoHS (For details, refer to page.) 0A 0A 40A A 4A 43A A /4", Handle-operated type 3/8", Handle-operated type /", Handle-operated type 3/8", Air-operated type /", Air-operated type /", Max. operating pressure.6 MPa /4", Handle-operated type Symbol VBA0A-0 VBAA-0 VBA 40A 04 Body size increase ratio: Twice increase ratio: to 4 times Thread type Note) Symbol Thread type - Rc F G N NPT T NPTF Note) Thread types apply to the IN,, and s of the VBAA and to the IN,, EXH, and gauge ports of the VBAA and VBA4A. The gauge ports of the VBAA are Rc thread type regardless of the thread type indication. Symbol 0 03 04 Port size /4 3/8 / Port size Applicable series VBAA VBAA VBA4A Semi-standard Symbol Semi-standard - Standard product unit on the product name Z Note) label and pressure gauge: psi Note) Thread type: NPT, NPTF Option Symbol Option - None G gauge N Silencer S High-noise reduction silencer Note) GN gauge, Silencer GS gauge, High-noise reduction silencer Note) LN Elbow silencer Note) LS Elbow high-noise reduction silencer Note) GLN gauge, Elbow silencer Note) GLS gauge, Elbow high-noise reduction silencer Note) Note) Refer to Combination of Thread Type and Options. gauge gauge Silencer Elbow silencer VBA0A-03 VBAA-03 Combination of Thread Type and Options Body size 0A A 0A A 40A 4A 43A Thread type - - F N T - F N T - F N T G N S Option GN GS LN LS GLN Semi-standard GLS - -Z VBA40A-04 Air Tank Compatibility Chart Booster regulator Air tank VBAA VBAA VBAT05A VBA4A VBAT0A VBA4A-04 VBA43A-04 VBAT0A VBAT38A

Booster Regulator Series VBA Standard Specifications Model Fluid increase ratio adjustment mechanism Max. flow rate Note ) (L/min (ANR)) Set pressure range (MPa) Supply pressure range (MPa) Proof pressure (MPa) Port size (Rc) (IN//EXH: 3 locations) gauge port size (Rc) (IN/: locations) /8 Ambient and fluid temperature ( C) to (No freezing) Installation Horizontal Lubrication Grease (Non-lube) Weight (kg) 0.84 3.9 8.6 3.9 8.6 8.6 0.89 Note ) If the pressure is higher than the set pressure by the handle, excess pressure is exhausted from the back of the handle. Note ) Flow rate at IN= = 0.5 MPa. The pressure varies depending on the operating conditions. Refer to Flow-rate Characteristics on pages 3 and 4. Options/Part No. VBA0A-0 VBA0A-03 VBA40A-04 VBAA-03 VBA4A-04 VBA43A-04 VBAA-0 Compressed air Twice to 4 times Handle-operated with relief mechanism Note ) Air-operated 30 0. to.0 Gauge, Silencer (When thread type is Rc or G.) Model VBA0A-0 VBA0A-03 VBA40A-04 VBA0A-F0 VBA0A-F03 VBA40A-F04 Description gauge Silencer High-noise reduction silencer Elbow for silencer G N S L 3 /4 G7-0-0 AN00-0 ANA-0 KT-VBA0A-8 Handle-operated with relief mechanism Note ) 000 900 000 900 0 70 0. to.0 0. to.0 0. to.6 0. to.0 0. to.0.5.4 3 3/8 AN300-03 ANA-03 G36-0-0 / AN400-04 ANA-04 VBAA-03 VBAA-F03 KT-VBAA-7 AN300-03 ANA-03 3/8 / VBA4A-04 VBA4A-F04 G36-0-0 AN400-04 ANA-04 Note ) In the case of options GN, two pressure gauges and one silencer are included in the same container as accessories. Note ) KT-VBAA-7 is a pressure gauge with fitting. (Please order two units when using with IN and.) Gauge, Silencer (When thread type is NPT or NPTF.) Model VBA0A-N0 VBA0A-N03 VBA40A-N04 VBA0A-T0 VBA0A-T03 VBA40A-T04 : when -Z : when -Z : when -Z Description gauge : when - G gauge : when -Z Note 3) Silencer N High-noise reduction silencer S Elbow for silencer L G7-0-0 G7-P0-0 AN00-N0 KT-VBA0A-8N AN300-N03 ANA-N03 G36-0-N0 G36-P0-N0 AN400-N04 ANA-N04 VBAA-N03 VBAA-T03 : when -Z KT-VBAA-7N KT-VBAA-8N AN300-N03 ANA-N03 VBA4A-N04 VBA4A-T04 : when -Z G36-0-N0 G36-P0-N0 AN400-N04 ANA-N04 Note ) In the case of options GN, two pressure gauges and one silencer are included in the same container as accessories. Note ) KT-VBAA-7N, KT-VBAA-8N are pressure gauges with fittings. (Please order two units when using with IN and.) Note 3) unit on the pressure gauge: psi VBA43A-04 VBA43A-F04 G7-0-0 AN400-04 ANA-04 VBA43A-N04 VBA43A-T04 : when -Z G7-0-N0 G7-P0-N0 AN400-N04 ANA-N04 /4 VBAA-0 VBAA-F0 G7-0-0 AN00-0 ANA-0 KT-VBA0A-8 VBAA-N0 VBAA-T0 : when -Z G7-0-0 G7-P0-0 AN00-N0 KT-VBA0A-8N Related Products/Part No. Mist Separator, Exhaust Cleaner Model Description Mist separator Exhaust cleaner For VBA0A-0 For VBAA-0 AMC-0 AMC30-03 For VBA0A-03 For VBAA-03 AM4C-04, 06 AMC-06 For VBA40A-04 For VBA4A-04 For VBA43A-04 AM5C-06, 0 AMC-0 Note) Refer to page for air tanks, Best Pneumatics No. 5 for mist separators and Best Pneumatics No. 6 for exhaust cleaners. Refer to the separate operation manual for the connection method. Caution Design. System configuration The of the booster regulator has metallic mesh to prevent dust from entering the booster regulator. However, it cannot remove dust continuously or separate drainage. Make sure to install a mist separator (AM series) on the inlet side of the booster regulator. The booster regulator has a sliding part inside, and it generates dust. Also, install an air purification device such as an air filter or a mist separator on the outlet side as necessary. Connect a lubricator to the outlet side, because the accumulated oil in the booster regulator may result in a malfunction.. Exhaust air measures Provide a dedicated pipe to release the exhaust air from each booster regulator. If exhaust air is converged into a pipe, the back pressure that is created could cause improper operation. Depending on the necessity, install a silencer or an exhaust cleaner on the exhaust port of the booster regulator to reduce the exhaust noise. 3. Maintenance space Allow the sufficient space for maintenance and inspection.

Series VBA VBA0A Flow-rate Characteristics VBA0A, A Flow-rate Characteristics.0 VBA40A, 4A Flow-rate Characteristics.0.5 0.5 P =.0 MPa P = 0.75 MPa P = 0.5 MPa P = 0.4 MPa P = 0.3 MPa P = P 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. P = 0.3 MPa P = 0.5 MPa P = 0.4 MPa 0.8 0.6 0.4 0. P = 0.5 MPa P = 0.4 MPa P = 0.3 MPa. 0 00 00 300 400 Outlet air flow rate (L/min (ANR)) Characteristics Inlet pressure: 0.7 MPa Outlet pressure:.0 MPa Flow rate: 0 L/min (ANR) (Representative value).04 0 00 400 0 800 000 00 Outlet air flow rate (L/min (ANR)) Characteristics Inlet pressure: 0.7 MPa Outlet pressure:.0 MPa Flow rate: 0 L/min (ANR) (Representative value).04 0 0 000 0 000 Outlet air flow rate (L/min (ANR)) Characteristics Inlet pressure: 0.7 MPa Outlet pressure:.0 MPa Flow rate: 0 L/min (ANR) (Representative value).05 Set point.0 Set point.0 Set point.0 0.95 0.9 0.85.0 0.98 0.96.0 0.98 0.96 0.8 0.94 0.94 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inlet pressure (MPa) 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inlet pressure (MPa) 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inlet pressure (MPa) Charge Characteristics Charge time per 0 L t (s) 40 30 0 0 0.0..4.6.8.0 increase ratio P/P Charge Characteristics Charge time per 0 L t (s) 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 0.0...3.4.5.6.7.8.9.0 increase ratio P/P VBA0A VBA0A, A The time required to charge pressure in the The time required to charge pressure in the tank from 0.7 MPa to 0.95 MPa at 0.5 MPa tank from 0.8 MPa to.0 MPa at 0.5 MPa supply pressure: supply pressure: P 0.7 P 0.95 P 0.8 P.0 = =.4 = =.9 = =.6 = P 0.5 P 0.5 P 0.5 P 0.5 =.0 With the pressure increase ratio from.4 to.9, the charge time of 3 6 = 7 sec. (t) is given by the graph. Then, the charge time (T) for a 0 L tank: V 0 T = t x = 7 x = 7 (s). 0 0 With the pressure increase ratio from.6 to.0, the charge time of.5 3.8 = 7.7 sec. (t) is given by the graph. Then, the charge time (T) for a 00 L tank: V 00 T = t x = 7.7 x = 77 (s). 0 0 Charge Characteristics Charge time per 0 L t (s) 5 4 3 0.0...3.4.5.6.7.8.9.0 increase ratio P/P VBA40A, 4A The time required to charge pressure in the tank from 0.8 MPa to.0 MPa at 0.5 MPa supply pressure: P 0.8 P.0 = =.6 = =.0 P 0.5 P 0.5 With the pressure increase ratio from.6 to.0, the charge time of 3.5. =.4 sec. (t) is given by the graph. Then, the charge time (T) for a 00 L tank: V 00 T = t x =.4 x = 4 (s). 0 0 3

Booster Regulator Series VBA VBA43A Flow-rate Characteristics Charge time per 0 L t (s).6.4. 0.8 0.6 0.4 0..08.06.04.0.0 0.98 0.96 0.94 5 4 3 0 0 000 0 000 0 3000 Outlet air flow rate (L/min (ANR)) Characteristics 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inlet pressure (MPa) Charge Characteristics VBA43A P = 0.8 MPa P = 0.7 MPa P = 0.6 MPa P = 0.5 MPa P = P Inlet pressure: 0.7 MPa Outlet pressure:.0 MPa Flow rate: 0 L/min (ANR) Set point 0.0...3.4.5.6.7.8.9.0 increase ratio P/P The time required to charge pressure in the tank from 0.8 MPa to.0 MPa at 0.5 MPa supply pressure: P P 0.8 P.0 = =.6 = =.0 0.5 P 0.5 (Representative value) With the pressure increase ratio from.6 to.0, the charge time of 4.5.3 = 3. sec. (t) is given by the graph. Then, the charge time (T) for a 00 L tank: V 00 T = t x = 3. x = 3 (s). 0 0 VBAA Flow-rate Characteristics Charge time per 0 L t (s)..05.0.95.9.85.8 400 300 00 00 P = 0.3 MPa P = 0.4 MPa 0 00 Outlet air flow rate (L/min (ANR)) Characteristics P = 0.5 MPa Set point P = 0.75 MPa Inlet pressure: 0.6 MPa Outlet pressure:.0 MPa Flow rate: 0 L/min (ANR) 0 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Inlet pressure (MPa) Charge Characteristics P =.0 MPa P = P (Representative value) 0.0.0 3.0 4.0 increase ratio P/P VBAA The time required to charge pressure in the tank from.0 MPa to.5 MPa at 0.5 MPa supply pressure: P.0 P.5 = =.0 = = 3.0 P 0.5 P 0.5 With the pressure increase ratio from.0 to 3.0, the charge time of 47 58 = 89 sec. (t) is given by the graph. Then, the charge time (T) for a 0 L tank: V 0 T = t x = 89 x = 89 (s). 0 0 Pulsation/Pulsation is decreased with a tank. If the outlet capacity is undersized, pulsation may occur. VBAT05A Max. pulsation range (MPa) Max. pulsation range (MPa) 0. 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.0 0. 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.0 0 3 4 5 Capacity (L) VBAA 0 0 0 30 38 40 Capacity (L) VBAA VBA4A VBAT VBAT0A, 0A, 38A VBAT0A Conditions: Inlet pressure: 0.5 MPa Outlet set pressure: MPa Flow rate: Between 0 and max. flow rate VBAT05A VBAT0A VBAT38A VBAT Performance of air tank Alleviates the pulsation generated on the outlet side. When air consumption exceeds air supply during intermittent operation, required air will be accumulated in the tank for use. This does not apply for continuous operation. 4

Series VBA Construction/Replacement Parts VBA0A VBAA VBA0A, A, VBA40A, 4A, 43A Air-operated type VBAA, 4A Replacement Parts/Kit No. Place an order with the following applicable kit number. Model VBA0A VBA0A VBA40A VBAA VBA4A VBA43A VBAA Kit no. KT-VBA0A- KT-VBA0A- KT-VBA40A- KT-VBAA- KT-VBA4A- KT-VBA43A- KT-VBAA-0 The kit includes the parts from to and a grease pack. No. Model VBA0A VBA0A VBA40A VBAA VBA4A VBA43A Description Quantity Piston seal large small Governor assembly 3 Check valve 4 4 5 6 Gasket Rod seal Mounting screw 8 8 7 Cover C assembly Grease pack The grease pack has 0 g of grease. Make sure to refer to the procedure for maintenance. 9 VBAA each large and small

Booster Regulator Series VBA Dimensions VBA0A-0 3 3 7 Rc /4 Rc /4 7 8 Silencer (Option) IN side gauge port Rc /8 gauge (Option) side gauge port Rc /8 3 With elbow silencer (Option) 3 7 Rc /4 Rc /4 Elbow silencer (Option) 7 8 3 3 7 4 x ø5.5 70 Rc /4 (When silencer installed: 5) silencer installed: 6) VBAA-0 Rc /4 Rc /4 7 8 Silencer (Option) IN side gauge port Rc /8 40 33 30 8.5 gauge (Option) side gauge port Rc /8 3 4 x ø5.5 70 (97) Rc /4 With elbow silencer (Option) 3 7 Rc /4 Rc /4 Elbow silencer (Option) 7 8 4 x ø5.5 VBA0A-03 70 Rc /4 (When silencer installed: 5) silencer installed: 6) 8 40 8.5 300 39 4 x ø5.5 gauge (Option) 70 (97) Rc /4 IN side gauge port Rc /8 side gauge port Rc /8 76 43 46 5 Silencer (Option) 4 4 x ø VBA40A-04 98 8 (When silencer installed: 79) silencer installed: 79) 43 IN side gauge port Rc /8 53 73 404 40 3. gauge (Option) side gauge port Rc /8 5 6.8 6 Rc / Rc / 8 Silencer (Option) 3 4 x ø 30 Rc / (When silencer installed: 4) silencer installed: 30) 96 6 3. 0

Series VBA Dimensions VBAA-03 8 300 39 gauge (Option) IN side gauge port Rc /8 side gauge port Rc /8 39 43 46 5 Silencer (Option) 4 VBA4A-04 4 x ø 98 8 (When silencer installed: 79) silencer installed: 79) 43 IN side gauge port Rc /8 53 73 3. 404 40 gauge (Option) side gauge port Rc /8 Rc / 7 6 6.8 Rc / 8 Silencer (Option) 3 VBA43A-04 4 x ø 30 Rc / (When silencer installed: 4) silencer installed: 30) 43 IN side gauge port Rc /8 96 6 404 40 3. gauge (Option) side gauge port Rc /8 6 6.8 Rc / Rc / 8 Silencer (Option) 3 4 x ø 30 Rc / (When silencer installed: 4) silencer installed: 30) 96 6 3. For detailed dimensions, specifications and lead times, please contact SMC. Copper-free/Fluorine-free CE explosion-proof directive (ATEX) compliant 3 Ozone resistant The inner or outer copper parts material has been changed to stainless steel or aluminum. The fluorine resin parts has been changed to general resin. Standard model no. 0 Copper-free/Fluorine-free 56 For booster regulator with pressure gauge, please consult SMC. This option cannot be selected for air tank with safety valve. Standard model no. CE explosion-proof directive (ATEX): Category 3GD Ozone resistance is strengthened through the use of fluororubber (diaphragm) and hydrogenated NBR (valve, rod seal) for the rubber parts of the seal material. Standard model no. 80 Ozone resistant Weather resistant NBR (diaphragm) and hydrogenated NBR (valve) are used for the rubber parts of the standard model.

Air Tank Series VBAT How to Order RoHS (For details, refer to page 3.) Compact connections are possible with booster regulators. It can be used alone as a tank. VBAT05A VBAT 0 Tank internal capacity Symbol Internal capacity 05 5 L 0 0 L 0 0 L 38 38 L A Material Symbol Material A Carbon steel (SS400) F SV Accessories Symbol RV SV Thread type Symbol Thread type - Rc F G Q CE certified product (Self-declaration document attached) Accessories Safety valve (Set pressure: MPa) Drain valve Safety valve (Set pressure: MPa) Drain valve Applicable model VBAT0A VBAT38A VBAT05A VBAT0A VBAT38A

Series VBAT Specifications Model VBAT05A -SV-Q VBAT0A -SV-Q VBAT0A -RV-Q VBAT38A -SV-Q Fluid Compressed air Tank capacity (L) 5 0 0 38 Max. operating pressure (MPa).0.0 size size 3/8 3/8 / / 3/4 / 3/4 3/4 Ambient and fluid temperature ( C) 0 to 75 Weight (kg) 6.6 0 4 Material Paint Carbon steel (SS400) Outside: Silver paint, Inside: Rustproof paint Note) The accessories and options are included in the same container. Model VBAT05A-SV-Q VBAT0A-SV-Q VBAT0A-RV-Q VBAT38A-RV-Q Accessory kit VBAT5A-Y- VBAT0A-Y- VBAT0A-Y- Safety valve VBAT-S (Set pressure: MPa) VBAT-R (Set pressure: MPa) Drain valve VBAT-V Safety valve Drain valve Drain valve VBAT-V IN PORT /4 58 (CLOSE) to 63 (OPEN) Copper-free/Fluorine-free ø30 9 PORT /8 Note ) The thread type for each port is Rc. Note ) A stainless steel fitting and a drain valve are included in the same container as accessories. (For detailed dimensions, please contact SMC.) A safety valve cannot be selected. Note 3) Since neither copper nor fluorine parts are used for the tank, a standard model can be used when options (safety valve and drain valve) are not necessary. 3 Copper-free/ Fluorine-free Symbol 05 0 0 38 0 VBAT 0 A Tank internal capacity Internal capacity 5 L 0 L 0 L 38 L 0 V Safety valve VBAT-R, VBAT-S 5 3/8 ø8.5 9 65 For detailed dimensions, specifications and lead times, please contact SMC. With drain valve Material Symbol Material A Carbon steel (SS400) S Stainless steel 304 Warning. Operating pressure Operate this product below the maximum operating pressure. If it is necessary, take appropriate safety measures to ensure that the maximum operating pressure is not exceeded. When the tank alone is used Use a pressure switch or a safety valve to ensure that the maximum operating pressure is not exceeded.. Connection Connect a filter or a mist separator to the side of the tank. Because the inner surface of the tank is untreated, there is a possibility of dust flowing out to the outlet side. A VBA booster regulator can be connected directly with the tank accessories as indicated combinations below. Air tank VBAT05A VBAT0A VBAT0A VBAT38A Caution Design VBAA Selection Booster regulator VBAA VBA4A Consider the operating conditions and operate this product within the specification range. When using the air tank with a booster regulator, refer to Sizing on page 5 or SMC Pneumatic System Energy Saving Program. Mounting Caution. Accessories Refer to the operation manual (VBAT-M, M, M3, M4) regarding combining booster regulators with older model air tanks. The accessories are secured by bands to the feet of the air tank. Once removed, make sure not to lose them.. Installation Install the tank away from people. It is dangerous if the accumulated air inside the tank were to seep out. Do not mount the air tank on a moving part or a place with vibration. When connecting a booster regulator with the tank, refer to the operation manual first, which is provided with the air tank before assembling. Refer to the operation manual regarding mounting methods when using long bolts. To mount the air tank on a floor surface, use the four holes to secure the tank with bolts or anchor bolts. Maintenance Warning. Inspection The use of pressure vessels could lead to an unexpected accident due to external damage or internal corrosion caused by drainage. Therefore, make sure to check periodically for external damage, or the extent of internal corrosion through the port hole. An ultrasonic thickness indicator may also be used to check for any reduction in material thickness.. Draining If this product is used with a large amount of drainage, the drainage could flow out, leading to equipment malfunction or corrosion inside the tank. Therefore, drain the system once a day.

Air Tank Series VBAT Dimensions VBAT05A-Q Material: Carbon steel Connected to VBA0A, A Booster regulator Rc /4 EXH: Rc /4 Safety valve port Tank Spare port x Rc / (370) (307) ø56 4 x ø Tank 3 3 63 57 00 Drain port Rc /4 00 338 3 The length may be longer than the specification if the plugs mounted on the tank are not fit to the end. The length of G thread type is about 6 mm longer due to plug type differences. VBAT0A-Q Material: Carbon steel Connected to VBA0A, A Booster regulator Rc /4 EXH: Rc /4 Safety valve port Tank Rc / Spare port x Rc / (39) (38) ø80 4 x ø Tank Rc / 30 3 3 70 78 0 80 Drain port Rc /4 3 4 48 The length may be longer than the specification if the plugs mounted on the tank are not fit to the end. The length of G thread type is about 6 mm longer due to plug type differences. Connected to VBA0A (454) (367) Booster regulator ø80 EXH: 4 x ø Safety valve port Tank Rc / 3 30 Tank Rc / 3 70 Spare port x Rc / 78 (47) (367) Connected to VBAA Booster regulator ø80 EXH: 4 x ø 44 0 80 3 4 48 Drain port Rc /4 0 80 When option G (pressure gauge) is selected The length may be longer than the specification if the plugs mounted on the tank are not fit to the end. The length of G thread type is about 6 mm longer due to plug type differences. 4

Series VBAT Dimensions: CE Certified Product VBAT0A-Q Material: Carbon steel Connected to VBA0A, 40A Booster regulator C Tank Rc 3/4 Safety valve port Connected to VBAA, 4A Booster regulator C (A) (B) ø06 00 00 EXH: C 4 x ø3 305 80 Tank Rc / The length may be longer than the specification if the plugs mounted on the tank are not fit to the end. The length of G thread type is about 6 mm longer due to plug type differences. Drain port Rc /4 400 674 696 Spare port x Rc / (A) (B) Booster regulator model VBA0A VBA40A VBAA VBA4A ø06 A 48 444 477 00 00 B 394 49.8 394 49.8 EXH: C C Rc / Rc / Note) When option G (pressure gauge) is selected D 4 x ø3 (mm) D Note) 469 493 VBAT38A-Q Connected to VBA0A, 40A (A) (B) Booster regulator C Material: Carbon steel EXH: C Tank Rc 3/4 Safety valve port Spare port x Rc / Connected to VBAA, 4A (A) (B) Booster regulator C EXH: C D ø56 355 4 x ø3 05 Tank Rc 3/4 Drain port Rc /4 The length may be longer than the specification if the plugs mounted on the tank are not fit to the end. The length of G thread type is about 6 mm longer due to plug type differences. 0 84 846 Booster regulator model VBA0A VBA40A VBAA VBA4A ø56 A 53 570 494 57 B 444 479.8 444 479.8 C Rc / Rc / Note) When option G (pressure gauge) is selected 4 x ø3 (mm) D Note) 59 543 5