MANAGEMENT ESTABLISHING JURISDICTION LEGAL BASIS DEFINING LOGICAL APPROACHES

MANAGEMENT ESTABLISHING JURISDICTION LEGAL BASIS DEFINING LOGICAL APPROACHES

Single Entity or Co Management What are the differences? What are the legal jurisdictions? Determined through the courts and suits Codes of Law

Social Factors in Fisheries Management The Commodity Users Fishers recreational, subsistence, commercial Those Interested in the Commodity NGO, Community Members, Competing Industries, Scientists and Managers Values and Process for Each Entity

Shaping Policy and Regulatory Law Role of Science Latitude in Allowing Personal Judgment of Scientists has been reduced. Under critical vs. overcritical is dependent on consensus or non consensus Legal process, not the expert, defines the factual question the expert must answer.

Desired Science vs. Real Science Value free Transparent Uncontested methods

Different Entities Drive the Type of Science Produced Regulatory Agencies Conservation Groups Fishing Industry Academia

True or Legitimate Science or Scientist Peer Review Process Formal Training- Credentials

Management Plans Why create plans? Management is art right things, right time, right way With more people, intensive management Documents goals of management Presents the actions taken and reasons for alternatives Base of reference for new managers, other agencies and public

Components of a Plan Description of Management Unit Geographic, what it contains. Status of Stocks and Resource in the Area Current Management Definition of Alternatives Trade-offs, cost benefits Public input (where and when) Alternative Selected and Rationale Management Actions Required Review and Adjustment

Who participates? Public (consumers, non consumers) Governor/ President/Nations Legislatures Commissions (with authority from public/government) Director (s) of Agency or Entity with Responsibility Chief Fisheries Officers, and Regional Managers and Supervisors Researchers Enforcement Officers

Historical Perspective of Fisheries Management Interest Groups

What are the Roles? Who makes decisions formulates alternatives, executes management? What is the Basis of Decisions Scientific Data, Best Guesses???

Identify Goals and Objectives Goals are broad statements of benefits desired from resources. Goals tend to be qualitative and value-laden expressions of the public interest. eg Management for quality fishery, and trophy sized fish eg Management for sustainable fisheries

Qualitative or Quantitative? Value component (i.e., the emphasis on trophy-sized fish reflects just one of many reasons why people may be interested in fishing). Stakeholders to play an important role in determining them Quantitative could include harvest target

Policy Makers set Goals Fisheries managers facilitate public and scientific input Role of Scientist vs Manager

Objectives ----SMART specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound (SMART) statements of what must be achieved in order to attain goals.

Strategies for Achieving Goals managers, stakeholders, and policymakers all involved Catch and release Limit to access Limit to gear Limit to take

Monitoring and Evaluation Did we meet our objective? Did that meet our goal? What needs to be improved Data gaps identified Was there public acceptance?

Simplistic Population Model Recruits Growth USABLE FISH STOCK Natural Mortality Fishing Mortality

Ecosystem Model Recruits Growth USABLE FISH STOCK Natural Mortality Fishing Mortality Other Fish Species Factors, Stochastic Abiotic Habitat Quality

Management Unit Ideal Unit Stock Ecosystem - Reality Political boundaries complicate things Gulland defined stock A group of fish can be treated as a unit stock if the results of assessments and other population studies in which it is treated as a unit stock do not diverge significantly from the real situation Criteria for selection of management unit

Example of stock for Inland Management Genus Oncorhynchus Species clarki Subspecies bouvieri Population Yellowstone Lake Stock (s) Pelican Creek, Cub Cr. Yellowstone R.

Stock Management Unit Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat trout

Examples of Stock Management Units Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat Tout Snake River Spring/summer chinook salmon Westslope Cutthroat Trout Coastal Oregon Coho

Preparation of Management Plan Define Management Unit Assess Status of Resource Formulate Alternatives Get Public Input Present Alternatives to Governing Entity Implement Plan

Common Problems in Fisheries Management Increasing Fishing Pressure Decline in Abundance Smaller Fish in Catch Population at Risk of Extinction Introduced Species Changing Dynamics of Systems

Management Alternatives Continue Present System Change Policy OK, THEN WHAT?

Adaptive Management Approaches

Values and Views of Scientists/Managers Institutional Differences Among Marine Fisheries Scientists Views of Working Conditions, Discipline, and Fisheries Management Wilson, McCay, Rowan, Grandin Fisheries 27(8):14-24.

Attitude Survey Methods Subjects = Marine Fisheries Scientists = training or practicing on the job. Someone who works or has worked in a fisheries related agency, academic department, advocacy organization, or consulting firm with advanced degree (MS/PhD) in marine science whose duties include time spent doing or peer reviewing fisheries research

Strata Which University can be relied on to produce good scientists List of 24 locations for academic scientists National Scientists NMFS and USFWS State Scientists NGO and Private consulting list from major marine conservation and industry groups

Fisheries is Applied Except for Academia, Agency or NGO scientists spend as much time developing and implementing management policy as their own research State Scientist Directly Driven by Immediate needs of Fisheries management

What Activity Occupies Your Time ` All NMFS State Acad NGO Policy Formation Policy Advocacy Applied Research 39 32 67 7 33 11 6 7 7 63 56 65 67 43 33

What Areas of Expertise are Used Most All NMFS State Acad NGO Habitat or 37 29 29 51 54 Ecosystem Math/Stat/ 36 45 38 28 14 Quantitative Stock Assessment 36 36 54 23 21

Where is Most Practical Work Done? All NMFS State Acad NGO Quant. Stock 30 34 32 23 18 Assessment Habitat/Ecosy 20 21 7 23 36 Data Collection Methods Conserv. Biology 13 10 24 10 7 11 8 15 8 10

Stakeholders in Fisheries Diverse Management Anglers and non anglers Commercial entities in fishing community Native peoples

Economic Side of Recreational Fishing in Freshwater Anglers spent nearly US$45.3 billion in 2006 on recreational freshwater fishing (in text book by Hunt) Canadians spent nearly CAN$2.5 billion in 2005 on fishing-related expenditures.

Angler Demand Curve Hypothetical Valuation

USFWS has somewhat different data The National Survey of Fishing, Hunting, and Wildlife-Associated Recreation http://wsfrprograms.fws.gov/subpages/nati onalsurvey/national_survey.htm

Agencies that use human dimensions

Perceptions, beliefs and values Who is right? The slob hunter The slob fisher Orvis type Bait use What species they want

Racial and Ethnic Groups African American and Mexican American Values and Use Patterns among license buying population

Participation by group and gender in Texas Group Anglers Percent of anglers % of pop licensed Anglo male 1,039,424 66.3 31.3 Hispanic male 131,009 8.36 18.1 Anglo female 291,790 18.6 8.78 Hispanic female 20,620 1.2 2.77 Black male 62,092 3.96 10.49 Black female 21,232 1.35 3.27

Other Differences Age of first experience Years of participation Where fished Proportion with boats, and in angler associations

Thursday From Boise Scott Grunder Idaho Department of Fish and Game Web readings for management plans Will talk about process and issues with examples from Idaho Be prepared with questions for him to make this a good interaction and effective class