DOEVMCY32260 -- 5851 (DE98002056) LTC Vacuum Blastng Machne (Metal) Baselne Report: Greenbook (Chapter) Topcal Report July 31,1997 For U.S. Department of Energy Offce of Envronmental Management Offce of Technology Development lo00 ndependence Avenue Washngton, DC 20585 U.S. Department of Energy Offce of Fossl Energy Federal Energy Technology Center Morgantown Ste P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, West Vrgna 26507-0880 BY Operatng Engneers Natonal Hazmat Program 250 Arport Crcle Beaver, West Vrgna 25813
Dsclamer Ths report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the Unted States Government. Nether the Unted States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of ther employees, makes any warranty, express or mpled, or assumes any legal lablty or responsblty for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any nformaton, apparatus, product, or process dsclosed, or represents that ts use would not nfrnge prvately owned rghts. Reference heren to any spw5c commercal product, process, or servce by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwse does not necessarly consttute or mply ts endorsement, recommendaton, or favorng by the Unted States Government or any agency thereof. The vews and opnons of authors expressed heren do not necessarly state or reflect those of the Unted States Government or any agency thereof.
DSCLAMER Portons of ths document may be llegble electronc mage products. mages are produced from the best avalable orgnal document.
LTC VACUUM BLASTNG MACHNE [METAL) GREEN BOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS. :: SECTON 1 SUMMARY... TECHNOLOGY DESCRPTON.................................... KEYRESULTS................................................. 1 1 1 SECTON 2 -TECHNOLOGY DESCRPTON............................... System Operaton............................................... 2 2 SECTON 3.HEALTH AND SAFETY EVALUATON......................... Genera.1Health and Safety Concerns................................ Corelssues.................................................... Best Management Practces... 1................................... ndustral Hygene Montorng...................................... Human Factors nterface.......................................... Emergency Response/Preparedness................................ 2 3 3 3 6 7 SECTON.TECHNOLOGY APPLCABLTY............................. 7 SECTON 5.REGULATORY/POLCY SSUES.............................. Core Requrements.............................................. Specal requrements............................................. Best Management Requrements................................... Core Tranng Requrements....................................... Technology-specfc Tranng...................................... Specal Tranng................................................ Best Management Practces...................................... 7 7 8 8 9 10 O 10 SECTON 6.OPERATONAL CONSDERATONS AND RECOMMENDATONS....................................... 11 APPENDX A.REFERENCES......................................... 13 APPENDX B.NDUSTRAL HYGENE DATA.............................. 1
PTC-6VACUUM SYSTEM (METAL) HUMAN FACTORS EVALUATON - SECTON SUMMARY TECHNOLOGY DESCRPTON The LTC coatng removal technology was tested and s beng evaluated at Florda nternatonal Unversty (Flu) as a baselne technology. n conjuncton wth Flu s evaluaton of effcency and cost, ths report covers the evaluaton conducted for safety and health ssues. t s a commercally avalable technology and has been used for varous projects at locatons throughout the country. The LTC coatng removal system conssted of several hand tools, a Roto Peen scaler, and a needlegun. They are desgned to remove coatngs from steel, concrete, brck, and wood. T hese hand tools are used wth the LTC PTC-6 vacuum system to capture dust and debrs as removal of the coatng takes place. KEY RESULTS t, The safety and health evaluaton durng the testng demonstraton focused on two man areas of expolsure: dust and nose. The dust exposure was mnmal but nose exposure was sgnfcant. Further testng for each exposure s recommended because of the envronment where the testng demonstraton took place. t s feasble that the dust and nose levels wll be hgher n an enclosed operatng envronment of dfferent constructon. n addton, other areas of concern found were arm-hand vbraton, wholebody vbraton, ergonomcs, heat stress, trppng hazards, electrcal hazards, machne guardng, andl lockout/tagout. 1
SECTON 2 TECHNOLOGY DESCRPTON ; SYSTEM OPERATON The LTC coatng removal technology was tested and s beng evaluated at Florda nternatonal Uhversty (Flu) as a baselne technology. n conjuncton wth Flu s evaluaton of effcency and cost, ths report covers the evaluaton conducted for safety and health ssues. t s a commercally avalable technology and has been used for varous projects at locatons throughout the country. The LTC coatng removal system conssts of several hand tools, a Roto Peen scaler, and a needlegun. They are desgned to remove coatngs from steel, concrete, brck, and wood. These are used wth the LTC PTC-6 vacuum system to capture dust and debrs as removal of the coatng takes place. The PTC-6 s a vacuum system desgned to be used wth surface decontamnaton equpment. Dust and debrs are captured by a hgh effcency partculate ar flter (HEPA) vacuum system that deposts the waste drectly nto an on-board 23-gallon waste drum. The PTC-6 utlzes compressed ar delvered from a source va a hose connected to the ar nlet to drve the hand held power tools. The ar s delvered to the tools by ar hoses whch are attached to the control panel. The control panel regulates the ar pressure delvered to the tool. A separate compressed ar flow powers the vacuum generator. The vacuum hoses connect the power tools to the dust chamber, returnng pant chps and dust from the surface. A thrd compressed ar flow s used to clean flters by pulsng ar through a ppe wth slots. The blasts of ar shake dust and debrs from the flter fabrc. Due to problems assocated wth the operator s sze and concern for hs health, t was not possble to dress n PPE, other than gloves. SECTON 3 HEALTH AND SAFETY EVALUATON GENERAL SAFETY AND HEALTH CONCERNS Personnel where the LTC descalng technology s beng used need to be concerned wth safety and health ssues. ssues that personnel need to be cognzant of may be dvded nto two categores. Frst, core ssues are those that are based on current safety and health regulatory requrements. Second, best management practces are related to ssues that are not based on current safety and health regulatons, but are key elements n preventng worker njury and llness on the job. Safety and health ssues of concern wth the LTC descalng technology ncluded: 2 r t
Core ssues:: Trppng hazards - although necessary, the electrcal cords, ar lnes, and vacuum hoses needed to operate the equpment are trppng hazards. Therefore, the need for strngent housekeepng must be evaluated. Electrcal hazards - electrcal cords necessary to operate the equpment can present electrcal hazards, therefore, the need for ground fault crcut nterrupters, groundng, and stran relef must be evaluated. Lockouflagout - the user of the technology wll need to develop a lockoutltagout program to assure there s not an accdental refease of energy durng mantenance/repar actvtes. One of the hand tools had a slde on/slde off swtch whch dd not requre the operator to mantan t n the on poston. When the tool was lfted (upsde down) from the surface, t contnued to run. Ths has the potental to cause severe njuy. Nose - the user was subjected to an extreme amount of nose whle operatng the hand tools used durng the testng demonstraton. Dust - the equpment generated some vsble dust durng operaton, but dust was not evdent n the breathng zone of the operator. Larger debrs was left on the surface. The amount of dust generated n the breathng zone of the operator may change based on the envronment n whch the metal decontamnaton s takng place, therefore, the user of the technology wll need to develop a samplng plan based on the ndvdual ste needs. t should also be noted that there was potental for contamnaton to dust when changng flters and durng barrel change actvtes wth the PTC-6. Best management practces: Heat stress - the operator would potentally be subjected to an ncrease n heat stress due to the need to utlze PPE. The user wll need to develop a heat stress program for the envronment n whch the technology s beng used, takng nto consderaton any PPE that may need to be utlzed. Ergonomcs - the user was subjected to some ergonomc stressors that need to be taken nto consderaton, such as stoopng, bendng, twstng, kneelng, and lftng; and wrst, hand, arm, and shoulder stress and abnormal postonng. Of partcular concern are the descalers whch cause the wrst/arm/shoulder to be placed n awkward postons durng operaton. n addton, when full drums are beng changed on the PTC-6, mechancal lftng devces need to be utlzed. 3
Arm-hand vbraton - the user was subjected to excessve arm-hand vbraton durng operaton of the hand tools. Ths type of vbraton has the potental to lead to health problems, such as Raynaud's Syndrome. Whole-body vbraton - the descalng operaton caused vbraton of the floor n the area. Ths potental for exposure to whole-body vbraton wll need to be assessed on a job-by-job bass based on the physcal envronment where the job s takng place. Struck by hazards - the ar lnes have the potental to cause severe njury f ther fttngs were to fal. A safety lne between the male and female end of the fttngs would prohbt the lne from becomng arborne. Communcaton - due to the nose generated by the technology durng operaton, cornmuncaton could be dffcult. Personnel workng n the area should be knowledgeable of and profcent n the use of hand sgnals when needed. ndustral1 Hygene Montorng Durng the testng demonstraton wth the PCT-6 descalng system, samplng was conducted for dust and nose. n addton, the wet-bulb globe temperature was montored to evaluate heat stress. Observatonal evaluaton was conducted for ergonomcs and arm-hand vbraton. Through general observatonal technques the potental for ergonomc problems was evaluated durng the testng demonstraton. There s potental for muscle/back stress and/or njures due to bendng, twstng, and lftng assocated wth setup, operaton, mantenance, and decontamnaton. There s potental for stress on and/or njury to the knees due to the kneelng and stoopng requred durng setup, mantenance, and decontamnaton actvtes. There s potental for wrst, hand, arm, and shoulder njury due to the awkward postons requred durng operaton of the descalers. Ths was evdent by the operator constantly changng hand poston whle usng the equpment. Durng the testng demonstraton exposure to arm-hand vbraton was present durng the operaton of the hand tools. Whle arm-hand vbraton was not quanttatvely measured, t was readly apparent that there was exposure that could potentally cause health problems, such as Raynaud's Syndrome. Whole-body vbraton was also present durng operaton due to the vbraton of the floor n the area. Heat stress was montored usng a Quest QuestTemp" 15 Heat Stress Montor. The wet-bulb globe temperature was used to determne the workhest regmen n accordance wth the Amercan Conference of Governmental ndustral Hygenst (ACGH) recommendatons. The wet-bulb globe temperature was adjusted for the type of clofhng, ncludng PPE, that the worker was wearng.!
11 t j n addton, the worker s blood pressure, pulse, and temperature were montored throughout the day. No problems were encountered due to heat stress. Whle heat stress wll be ncreased whle wearng PPE, the overall heat stress response wll vary from worker to worker. Each stuaton n whch the current technology s used wll need to be evaluated for the heat stress potental, takng nto consderaton the wet-bulb globe temperature, PPE n use, physcal condton of the worker, and amount of worker acclmatzaton. Dust montorng was conducted wth a samplng tran consstng of an SKC OM lnhalable dust sampler coupled wth an MSA Escort Elf ar samplng pump. Pre- and post-samplng calbraton was accomplshed usng a BOS nternatonal DryCal DC prmary calbraton system. Samplng flters were desccated pre- and post-samplng and weghed on a Denver nstrument Company A-200DS scale. Samplng was conducted n accordance wth NlOSH method 0500. Personal ar samplng was conducted on the equpment operators durng the descalng operaton. Personal dust samplng results of 1.017 mg/m3were obtaned for the operator. Ths value does not exceed the Occupatonal Safety and Health Admnstraton (OSHA) permssble exposure lmt (PEL) or the ACGH threshold lmt value (TLV) of 15 mg/m3and 10 mg/m3respectvely for total dust. There was, however, larger peces of debrs left on the surfaces beng descaled. Ths debrs could potentally become arborne and, therefore, become an nhalaton hazard. Due to ths and the dust samplng beng conducted n a room wth open wndows, t s recommended that samplng be conducted whle the descalng operaton s beng carred out n a closed envronment. A complete ar samplng plan for a ste would need to be developed to nclude not only dust but other contamnants specfc to the metal decontamnaton project. (See Appendx B for samplng data.) Personal nose montorng was conducted usng a Metrosonc db-3100 data loggng nose dosmeter. Calbraton was conducted pre- and post-montorng usng a Metrosoncs CL30 acoustcal calbrator. Montorng was conducted on the operator for 1.35 hours (81 mnutes), and.5 hours (267 mnutes) durng operaton of the descalng 1:echnology. Montorng durng ths tme showed a nose dose of 810.69% whch gves an 8-hour tme-weghted average (TWA) of 105.1 dba, and 1871.96% whch gves an 8-hour TWA of 11.dBA. f the operator contnued to have the same level of nose exposure durng the 8-hour shft a projected 8-hour TWA would produce a nose dose of 8023.32% or an 8-hour TWA of 121.6 dba, and 307.78% or an 8-hour TWA of 112.1 dba. The OSHA allowable PEL for nose s a 100% dose or an 8-hour TWA of 90 dba. The operator was overexposed after all perods of tme. At these exposure levels, personnel would be requred to be ncluded n a hearng conservaton program. Feasble engneerng controls, admnstratve controls, and personal protectve equpment (PPEhearng protecton devces) need to be used. Takng the hghest projected 8-hour exposure NVA, whch was 121.6 dba, and assumng the use of a hearng protecton 5
devce wth the hghest nose reducton ratng (per the NOSH Compendum of hearng protecton devces) was beng used, the worker would theoretcally stll be overexposed for an 8-hour shft. The excessve nose levels produced by the descalng operaton may requre that engneerng and admnstratve controls, as well as hearng protecton devces, all be smultaneously employed to control the nose level. The percentage of tme spent at each loudness level that comprses the exposures can be seen n Appendx B. Durng the dfferent perods of operaton for the operator, the nose levels were averaged for each one mnute perod of tme and then an overall average was calculafed whch gave an average exposure level of 121-6dBA for an 80 db and 90 db cutoff level, and 117.1 db for an 80 db and a 90 db cutoff level. OSHA requres an 80 db cutolff for hearng conservaton measurements and a 90 db cutoff for engneerng controls complance measurements. The maxmum sound level observed durng the measurement perods was 131.7 dba. The hghest nstantaneous sound pressure level was over 10 db. These measurements defne nose as an extreme exposure hazard for personnel operatng the LTC descalng technology. t must also be noted that the equpment was beng operated n a wooden walled and floored structure at the tme of the measurements and operaton n a faclty of dfferent constructon wll have the potental to ncrease the nose level due to other nfluences such as vbraton and reverberaton. Therefore, t s recommended that nose montorng be conducted whle the equpment s beng operated n envronments of dfferng types of constructon. HUMAN FACTORS NTERFACE Due to problems assocated wth the operator's sze and concern for hs health, he could not be dressed out n PPE. The need to utlze Level C PPE whch may nclude a Tyvek sut wth hood, work gloves, boot coverngs, and full face ar-purfyng resprator needs to be taken nto consderaton when assessng worker safety and health. Areas of concern nclude vsblty, dexterty, and heat stress. f the metal beng decontamnated had contamnaton other than or n addton to dust, addtonal levels of protecton, such as Level A or Level B PPE, may be requred for the operator. These may create addtonal human nterface problems such as a greater decrease n vsblty and manual dexterty, an ncrease n heat stress, and an overall ncrease n physcal stress. t s recommended that addtonal safety and health evaluatons be conducted utlzng these hgher levels of protecton. Addtonal human factors nterface ssues ncluded the amount of arm-hand vbraton the operator was recevng durng operaton of the hand tools. t s recommend that 6
further evaluaton wth quanttatve measurements of arm-hand vbraton be conducted for ths equpment. EMERGENCY RESPONSWPREPAREDNESS The use of the LTC metal descalng technology would not be applcable to emergency response. Emergency response/preparedness must be part of every hazardous waste ste safety and health plan. n addton to credble ste emergences, ste personnel must plan for credble emergences n connecton wth the LTC metal descalng system. All precautons used when respondng to an emergency stuaton at the ste wll apply. Before enterng an area where the LTC-6 vacuum system s beng used, the equpment needs to be completely shut down (de-energzed). Ths technology does not appear to present any condtons that would lead to out of the ordnary emergences. SECTON TECHNOLOGY APPLCABLTY On observaton the technology dd not generate vsble dust and ar montorng dd not show a sgnfcant dust level, but ths was dffcult to assess due to the open wndows n the testng envronment. There were larger peces of debrs left on the surface durng descalng. The system needs to be evaluated to determne f an ncrease n vacuum ar flow would help wth ths problem. The hand tools and PTC-6 vacuum system wll need to be torn down to decontamnate them. Ths wll not necessarly guarantee that decontamnaton wll be complete. Many parts, such as the hoses, roto peens, and needles may need to be consdered consumables. SECTON 5 REGULATORY/POLCY SSUES The ste safety and health personnel where the LTC metal descalng technology s beng used need to be concerned wth safety and health regulatons applcable to the ssues dscussed above. Regulatons that apply may be dvded nto four categores. Frst, core requrements are those regulatons that would apply to any hazardous waste work ste, regardless of the type of job. Second, technology-specfc requrements are those regulatons that apply due to the specfc technoogy beng used. Thrd, specal 7
requrements are standards and polces that are specfc to the technology tself, but are requred by reference n a regulaton. Fourth, best management practces are not requred but are recommended by organzatons such as the Amercan Natonal Standards nsttute (ANS), the Natonal nsttute of Occupatonal Safety and Health (NOSH), Department of Energy (DOE), Natonal Fre Protecton Assocaton (NFPA), etc. These regulatons/standards may nclude, but not be lmted to, the followng: Core requrements: OSHA 29 CFR 1926.25 Housekeepng OSHA 29 CFR 1910.11 Santaton (1910.11(a)(3) covers housekeepng) OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart Z Toxc and Hazardous Substances OSHA 29 CFR 910 Subpart Z Toxc and Hazardous Substances OSHA 29 CFR 1926.59 Hazard Communcaton OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1200 Hazard Communcaton OSHA 29 CFR 1926.6 Process Safety Management of Hghly Hazardous Chemcals OSHA 29 CFR 9 10.1 19 Process Safety Management of Hghly Hazardous Cherncas OSHA 29 CFR 1926.65 Hazardous Waste Operatons and Emergency Response OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1 20 Hazardous Waste Operatons and Emergency Response L. Occupatonal Safety and Health Act 1970(5)(a)(l) General Duty Clause ft. Technology specfc requrements: OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart K Electrcal 1.1 OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart S Electrcal,. OSHA 29 CFR 1926 Subpart 1 Tools-Hand and Power P 8 '.- '
OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart P Hand and Portable Powered Tools and Other Hand-Held Equpment OSHA 29 CFR 1910 Subpart 0 Machnery and Machne Guardng OSHA 29 CFR 1910.17 The Control of Hazardous Energy (LockoutTTagout) OSHA 29 CFR 1926.52 Occupatonal Nose Exposure OSHA 29 CFR 1910.95 Occupatonal Nose Exposure OSHA 29 CFR 1926.103 Respratory Protecton OSHA 29 CFR 191 0.13 Respratory Protecton OSHA 29 CFR 1926.102 Eye and Face Protecton OSHA 29 CFR 1910.133 Eye and Face Protecton OSHA 29 CFR 1926.28 Personal Protectve Equpment OSHA 29 CFR 1910.1 32 Personal Protectve Equpment OSHA 29 CFR 91 0.132 General Requrements (Personal Protectve Equpment) OSHA 29 CFR 1926.23 Frst Ad and Medcal Attenton OSHA 29 CFR 1910.151 Medcal Servces and Frst Ad ACG- Threshold Lmt Values for Chemcal Substances and Physcal Agents and Bologcal Exposure ndces Best management practces: ANS S3.3-1986 Gude for the Measurement and Evaluaton of Human Exposure to Vbraton Transmtted to the Hand ANS S3.18-1979 Gude for the Evaluaton of Human Exposure to Whole-body V brat on n addton to1 the above regulatons and polces, t s mperatve that all workers have approprate and adequate tranng for the task and assocated safety and health condtons. Tranng that would be requred may be dvded nto four categores. Core tranng s that whch s requred for anyone enterng a hazardous waste ste to perform 9 11,
work, regardless of the type of job. Technology specfc tranng s that tranng that s specfc to the technology and requred by safety and health standards. Specal tranng s that whch s specfc to the technology to assure the worker s adequately traned for the task but s not necessarly requred by safety and health standards. Best management practces are tranngs that whle not mandated by health and safety standards, provde nformaton and knowledge to the worker that wll allow the worker to perform the job safely. Tranng to be appled for the heavy duty roto peen may nclude but not be lmted to: Core tranng requrements: HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operatons and Emergency Response) HAZCOM (Hazard Communcaton) Speca tranng: Job specfc tranng for equpment operaton Best Management Practce tranng: Ergonomcs (proper lftng, bendng, stoopng, kneelng, arm-hand vbraton, whole-body vbraton) Heat stress (learnng to recognze sgns and symptoms) CPFVFrst Ad/Emergency Response/Bloodborne Pathogens Hand Sgnal Communcaton Constructon Safety (OSHA 500) and or General ndustry Safety (OSHA 501) 10
. j ' SECTON6 OPERATONAL CONSDERATONS & RECOMMENDATONS Recommendatons made n ths secton for mproved worker safety and health take nto consderator the operaton of hand tools wth the LTC PTC-6 vacuum system. Specfc recommendatons nclude: t needs to be assured that workers are aware of the trppng hazards assocated wth hoses and cords that are necessary to operate the equpment. Keepng these as orderly as possble n complance wth good housekeepng regulatons wll help avod njury due to trppng. The wacuum hoses were not connected to the outlet on the peces of equpment by means of a clampng system. Ths could allow the hoses to be pulled loose and create an exposure to the contamnant. Hoses should be attached wth some type of clampng system to reduce the possblty that they wll become detached accdentally. The operators of the equpment need to have tranng n ergonomcs to assure proper technques n lftng, bendng, stoopng, twstng, etc. durng equpment. operaton. n addton, tranng needs to nclude dscusson on ergonomcs assocated wth the wrstdhands, arms, and shoulders when usng hand tools. The tools themselves need to be evaluated for ergonomc desgn to enable the worker to use them wthout havng to place themselves n awkward postons. For example, the workers had to place hs hands on the housng of the one hand tool to move and control t because there was no handle. A better desgn to nclude a handle would allow the worker to move t to the requred poston. The lack of a handle also ncreased the worker's exposure to armlhand vbraton. f a fttng on an ar lne fals, the flyng hose has the potental to cause severe njury. A safety lne connected to the male and female parts of the fttng would not allow the hose to become a flyng object. A full, 23-gallon drum may wegh 220 pounds or more and a 55-gallon even more. Ths presents great potental for back njury when two operators lft the drum for change out. t s recommended that the system be evaluated for use wth a mechancal lftng system. The cleanng (blow back) of the flters was a manual operaton. fths were automated to occur at set ntervals of tme, the operaton would be more effcent. 1, 1
Nose exposure was extreme durng operaton of the technology. Snce testng was done n a wooden structure, t s plausble that the nose levels would ncrease n an envronment of dfferent constructon. The equpment needs to be evaluated for possble engneerng controls to help decrease the nose exposure to the operator. f engneerng controls are not possble, admnstratve controls, and/or adequate hearng protecton must be ncorporated durng operaton. The one hand tool had a push on/push off control swtch that dd not requre the operator to mantan contact wth the swtch durng operaton. When the tool was lfted from the surface, t contnued to run. Ths presents a potental for the operator to come n contact wth movng parts as well as ncreasng the potental for exposure to the contamnant. The tool desgn needs to be evaluated for the use of 3n nterlock system whch stops the tool f t loses contact wth the surface. The hand tools were beng used nsde a shed constructed for the purposes of the testng demonstraton. The PTC-6 vacuum system was located outsde of the shed. The operator started the vacuum system and a hand tool that was n the on poston. t became energzed but no one had control of t. Ths could lead to damage to the faclty, electrc cords, vacuum hoses or other personnel nsde the buldng. The operator should ensure that all hand tools are off before startng1 the system. ' Due to the open wndow envronment n whch the testng demonstraton was conducted and, therefore, the dust montorng was conducted, t s recommended that further testng for dust exposure be conducted whle the technology s used n a closed envronment smlar to envronments n whch t would be used at a hazardous waste clean-up ste. Due to the wooden structure n whch the testng demonstraton took place, and therefore, the nose montorng was conducted, t s recommended that nose montorng be conducted whle the technology s used nsde an envronment of dfferent constructon. There could be a dfference n nose levels due to the constructon of the buldng. Ths would also allow for an evaluaton of the heat stress to be encountered whle wearng the approprate PPE n dfferent envronments. n ths case, Level C needs to also be evaluated. t s also recommended that the operaton and mantenance actvtes be evaluated whle the operator s wearng Level A and Level B PPE snce these levels may be needed n envronments where the contamnaton requres t. The safety and health ssues dscussed throughout ths report could be reduced and, n some cases, elmnated f ths type of descalng technology could operate remotely. 12
--* " f APPENDX A REFERENCES Occupatonal Safety and Health Standards for General ndustry, 29 CFR Part 1910, Occupatonal Safety and Health Admnstraton Unted States Department of Labor, 1995 Occupatonal Safety and Health Standards for the Constructon ndustry, 29 CFR Part 1926, Occupatonal Safety and Health Admnstraton Unted States Department of Labor, 1995 Threshold Lmt Values (TLVs) for Chemcal Substances and Physcal Agents and Bologcal Exposure ndces (BEls), Amercan Conference of Governmental ndustral Hygensts, 1995-1996 ANS 1986, Gude for the measurement and evaluaton of human exposure to vbraton transmtted to the hand, New York, NY: Amercan Natonal Standards nsttute, ANS 53.3 The NOSH compendum of hearng protecton devces, U.S. Department of Health and Human Servces, Publc Health Servce, Center for Dsease Control and Preventon, October 1' 99 13
APPENDX B H SAMPLNG DATA k 5/29/96 052996-Fl U-022 Blank O.~OOO mg/m3 5/29/96 052996-Fl U-023 Total dust 1.017 mg/m3 * The OSHA PEL for total dust s 15 mg/m3 and the ACGlH TLV s O mg/m3. Current samplng was conducted for total dust. The need to sample for resprable dust and slca has to be consdered durng concrete decontamnaton and decommssonng actvtes. 1
NOSE SAMPLNG 10.0 8.0 Clnpltude D s t r b u t o n Data --- -- ----.0 ---2.0 76.0 -- - 0.0 50.0 0dB: 7.012% 68.8 86.8 dbcl 85.085.9dB: 0.135% Ln C 9 2. 8 5 2 ) =85.9dB The percentage of tme spent at each decbel Level C can be obtaned from the graph. As shown, 7.012% of the tme the nose exposure was less than 85 dba whch means that the majorty of the tme or 92.98% of the tme the nose exposure was at sound levels above 135 dba. OSHA requres that a hearng conservaton program be ntated f the 8-hour -WA s 85 dba. 15
NOSE SAMPLJNG C Q 0 L R PT 5010 (85.8dB: 25.6112: 68:e 8610 dbcl 85 885 9dB : 10.0 1 726% 122.e 1%.0 Ln <72.663> = 8 S. 9 d B The percenta,geof tme spent at each decbel Level C can be obtaned from the graph. As shown, 25.67 1 % of the tme the nose exposure was less than 85 dba whch means that the majorty of the tme or 7.389% f the tme the nose exposure was at sound levels above 85 dba. OSHA requres that a hearng conservaton program be ntated f the 8-hour W A s 85 dba. 16