Working Document Number: D 2.4 Bike sharing in 10 European countries report. Module 8: Spain Work package: WP2 Date of Preparation: 16.12.2009 Author(s): Editor(s): Project Co-ordinator: Christel Frühauf, Simon Hayes Alberto Castro Fernández, Günter Emberger, Nigel Williams Janett Büttner choice GmbH Holzmarktstraße 6-9 D-10179 Berlin Tel +49 (0)30 231491 250 E-mail: buettner@choice.de
Table of Contents 1 Country overview 4 2 Market potential 5 3 Barcelona 7 3.1 City overview 7 3.2 Bicing 7 4 Pamplona 9 4.1 City overview 9 4.2 N-bici 10 5 Seville 11 5.1 City overview 11 5.2 Sevici 11 6 Terrasa 13 6.1 City overview 13 6.2 Ambicia t 14 7 Saragossa 16 7.1 City overview 16 7.2 Bizi 17 8 Ribera Alta 18 8.1 City overview 18 8.2 Ambici 18 9 Vitoria 20 9.1 City overview 20 9.2 Public bike system of Vitoria Gasteiz 21 1
Figures Figure 1-1: Cities provided with bike sharing in Spain. Image: Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC). 4 Figure 2-1: Chart of estimation of bicycles. 5 Figure 2-2: Chart of estimation of stations. 6 Figure 3-1: Station network. Image: Bicing. 8 Figure 4-1: Map of Pamplona and location of bike stations. Image: N-Bici. 9 Figure 4-2: Map of the five current bike stations of N-bici and cycling network. Image: N-Bici 10 Figure 5-1: Map of current bike lanes of Seville. Image: Sevilla municipallity 11 Figure 5-2: Bike stations of Sevici. Image: Sevilla en bici. 12 Figure 6-1: Map of current bike lanes of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality. 13 Figure 6-2: Bike station of Ambicia t. Image: Terrassa municipality. 14 Figure 6-3: Map of current bike lanes and bike stations of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality. 14 Figure 7-1: City s bike lanes and bike rental points. Zaragoza municipality. 16 Figure 7-2: Bike station of Bizi. Image: BiZi. 17 Figure 8-1: Location of Ribera Alta in the Region of Valencia and its municipal composition. Image: Ribera Alta. 18 Figure 8-2: Location and number of bike stations of Ambici. Image: Ambici. 19 Figure 9-1: Cycling network of Vitoria. Image Vitoria municipality. 20 Figure 9-2: Bike station in Vitoria. Image: Vitoria municipality. 21 2
Tables Table 2-1: Estimation of bicycles and stations in Spain. 5 Table 3-1: Evolution in cycle lane provision for Barcelona City. 7 Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Barcelona. 7 Table 3-3: Rates of Bicing. 8 Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Pamplona. 9 Table 4-2: Facts and figures of N-bici. 10 Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Seville. 11 Table 5-2: Facts and figures of Sevici. 12 Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Terrasa. 13 Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Ambicia t. 15 Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Saragossa. 16 Table 7-2: Future number of bikes and stations. 17 Table 8-1: Facts and figures of community of municipalities of Ribera Alta. 18 Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Ambici. 19 Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Vitoria. 20 Table 9-2: Facts and figures of public bike system of Vitoria. 21 3
1. Country overview Spain has a total population of 46,661,950 inhabitants and an area of roughly 504,645 square kilometers with a concentration of population around the coast and the central capital, Madrid. Public Bike Sharing in Spain has expanded rapidly during the last few years. There are several clear stages in the development of public bike sharing in Spain. In the early stage (from 2002 to 2005) the first automatic systems appeared and the existing manual systems started to be promoted. In the second stage (from 2005 to 2007) 20 new systems were implemented. There was a clear support with funding being granted by administrations. The third boom stage (from 2007 to 2009) brought the first of the large scale systems. Currently we are facing a maturing stage; enlargement of public metropolitan biking projects, further and larger grants (IDAE and other administrations) and studies at a national level (Probici, BP impact). A national conference to share experiences of public bike schemes has run annually since 2007. Participation in the European OBIS project is also an important achievement for benchmarking these experiences and developing a Pan European perspective. Figure 1-1: Cities provided with bike sharing in Spain. Image: Bicicleta Club de Catalunya (BACC). Spain s basic feature is the diversity of the systems, cities and uses especially concerning cities. In OBIS examples of small towns like the Ribera Alta communities as well as big cities like Barcelona or Seville can be found. There are different sorts of systems both automatic as well as manual and frequency and use of bike sharing also varies a widely depending on the city. Within OBIS a total of seven cases will be studied which includes small, medium and large centres of population.manual and automatic systems are also included. These seven case studies represent around 350,000 subscribers, 800 stations and 10,000 bicycles in total 4
2. Market Potential The market analysis of public bike systems in Spain is based on collaboration established with the Spanish OBIS National Advisory Board, and in particular with IDAE and support consultant Esther Anaya. Together, a record of implemented public bike systems has been established, which holds estimates of bikes and stations implemented for the years 2007, 2008. This database has been checked for the case study sites of OBIS and has been revised where necessary. It is anticipated that this monitoring will continue in 2009, but for the short-term, an estimate of the systems implemented in 2009 (including extensions to OBIS case study sites) has been used. From the data for the years 2007 to 2009 an extrapolation is made which gives the estimates for 2010 given in the following table and figure: N u m b e r o f b i c y c l e s B i k e s t a t i o n s S p a i n e s t i m a t e 2 0 0 7 1 2. 8 5 6 8 5 1 S p a i n e s t i m a t e 2 0 0 8 1 3. 8 4 9 8 9 1 S p a i n e s t i m a t e 2 0 0 9 1 4. 8 3 9 9 7 0 S p a i n e s t i m a t e 2 0 1 0 1 5. 8 9 8 1. 0 3 7 Table 2-1: Estimation of bicycles and stations in Spain. Number of bicycles 18.000 16.000 14.000 12.000 10.000 8.000 6.000 4.000 2.000 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Figure 2-1: Chart of estimation of bicycles. 5
Market Potential Bike stations 1.200 1.000 800 600 400 200 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 Figure 2-2: Chart of estimation of stations. 6
3. Barcelona 3.1. City overview Barcelona is a city with a high demographic density with roughly 1,600,000 inhabitants within an area of 101 square kilometers (density: 15,963 inhabitants/square kilometer). Barcelona is the centre of one of the biggest metropolitan areas of Europe. Barcelona s metropolitan region comprises 164 municipalities reaching 4.4 million inhabitants (density: 1,359 inhabitants/square kilometer). 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2006 2007 2008 Bike lane in km 7,3 21 59,4 108,6 119,1 127,5 128,9 129,8 156 Variation 187,70% 182,80% 82,82% 9,67% 7,05% 1,10% 0,70% 20,18% Table 3-1: Evolution in cycle lane provision for Barcelona City. The existence of a cycle lane network provided a basis for introducing a public bike system in 2006. This in turn, has triggered a recent of cycle lane provision. Po pulation Area Tourists per Technology access in households year Mob ile Internet 1,629,537 101.4 km² 6,709,175 95.0% 73.0% Temp era ture Precipitation A verage Maximum Minim um Amount Days 14.5 C 35.1 C 9 C 400 500 mm 90 Modal Split Acciden ts per year Private veh icle PT Bicycle Total Cyclin g 35% 36% 31% 19,237 394 Table 3-2: Facts and figures of Barcelona. 3.2. Bicing The Bicing system is managed by the municipal company Barcelona Serveis Municipals (B:SM) which granted the right to run Bicing, the city s public bike share system to Clear Channel in November 2006 for a 10 year period until the year 2017. Inaugurated on March 24 2007 with 200 bikes and 14 stations the service has been progressively enlarged reaching 6,000 units and 400 rental points (stable since September 2008). The service is being financed by users subscriptions and public income stemming from the parking system also known as Green Area. Users must pay an annual subscription. After registering the user receives a welcome pack at home explaining how the system works and how to activate the card to be able to use it. The system is available 365 days a year from 5am to midnight Sunday to Thursday and 24 hours on Saturdays and Sundays 7
Barcelona Yearly subscription Year 2009 rate 30 30 m inutes fractions (first fraction free) 0,50 / hour Penalty after exceeding 2 hours ( per hour or fraction ) 3 / hour Service withdrawal after having exceeded 2 hours after 3 notices * extra charge amounting to 150 if bike is not being returned after 24 hours Table 3-3: Rates of Bicing. Figure 3-1: Station network. Image: Bicing. 8
4. Pamplona 4.1. City overview Pamplona, in the autonomous region of Navarra, is located 449 meters above see level on a plateau of 23.55 square kilometers. Population Area Temperature Average Maximum Minimum 199,608 23.55 km² 11.7 C 26.8 C 0.6 C Table 4-1: Facts and figures of Pamplona. A Cycle Implementation Plan for Pamplona from 2008 to 2013 is being developed. In this period all Pamplona s districts will be connected by bike lanes. All together, 103 kilometers of bike lanes will be available across the whole city. This plan of action has a two stages. In the first stage up to 2010, new bike lane sections will link Pamplona s districts. From 2011 to 2013 connections within each district will be made. This project will develop a huge bike network, providing attractive routes for cyclists within the city. Currently there are a total of 41 kilometers of cycle lane in Pamplona. 20 kilometers belong to paths along the Arga river park and 5.3 kilometers are being implemented within the city development of Lezkairu. Today there are cycle lanes in Vuelta del Castilla, Fuente del Hierro and in the direction of the University of Navarra. There is also a biking lane in new developments of Ezkaba (Donantes de Sangre passage) and Buztintxuri. Figure 4-1: Map of Pamplona and location of bike stations. Image: N-Bici. 9
Pamplona 4.2. N-bici The initial service, inaugurated in June 2007, comprised 5 stations with 120 parking points available for a total of 101 bicycles. In a second stage increasing this to 20 stations with 350 bicycles is planned. To rent a bicycle, an identification card is needed. When this card is placed close to the bike station reader, the bicycle is released and the system collects the user s data. After having used the bicycle, it is returned to the parking point and the card is passed once again through the reader. By using an electronic card, the user is able to collect the bicycle at any parking point located at the station and to return it to any free point at this or another station in a simple and flexible way. The first 60 minutes are free. For any additional hour or part hour a rate of 1 is charged. The maximum rental time is 4 hours. Once the bike has been returned, another one may be rented after 30 minutes have passed. The service operates every day at the following hours: From April 1 to September 30: from 7.30 a.m. to 8.00 p.m From October 1 to March 31, from 8.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m. Figure 4-2: Map of the five current bike stations of N-bici and cycling network. Image: N-Bici Registrations Infrastructure Total Stations Hire points Bicycles 1,956 5 120 101 Table 4-2: Facts and figures of N-bici. 10
5. Seville 5.1. City overview Seville is another large Spanish city with a quite extensive public bike system. The city comprises an area of 140.8 square kilometers. With 700,000 inhabitants it is Spain s fourth most populated city. Seville has 8 city tracks with a total of 74 kilometers of bike lanes. Figure 5-1: Map of current bike lanes of Seville. Image: Sevilla municipality Based on Seville's cycle integration plan, its bike lane network will extend to 120 kilometers once finished. Bike service centres comprising information about cycle ways and parking are planned to be located in the most strategic and popular areas in the city. Population Area Tourists per year Bikeway network length Parking places for Bikes 699,145 140.8 km² 1,369,472 84 km 339 Temperature Precipitation Average Maximum Minimum Amount Days 19.7 C 35.3 C 5.2 C 550 mm 52 Table 5-1: Facts and figures of Seville. 5.2. Sevici Sevici was implemented in the city of Seville in July 2007 promoted by the Seville Municipality and run by the company JCDecaux. The service has a total of 117,928 users both short and long standing and 250 stations distributed through the city (April 2009). 11
Seville The stations are situated throughout the inner-city with a distance of around 200 meters between each one, with many situated next to public transport stops to allow for intermodal use. The bikes can be borrowed from, and returned to, any station in the system, making it suitable for one way travel. Each station has between 10 and 40 parking slots to fix and lock the bicycle. Figure 5-2: Bike stations of Sevici. Image: Sevilla en bici. SEVICI short duration subscription is valid during 7 consecutive days where the user may enjoy a limited number of bike journeys. The first 30 minutes of rental are free. After 30 minutes, the next hour is charged at a rate of 1 and the following hours at a rate of 2 per hour. SEVICI long duration subscription is valid during one year where an unlimited number of bike journeys can be made. After 30 minutes, the next hour is charged at a rate of 0.50 and the following hours at 1 each. To borrow a bike with a yearly pass, one simply swipes the contactless RFID-card at a station kiosk to be personally identified by the system, which then unlocks a bike from the support frame. With a weekly pass, a ticket is printed with an ID number that can be punched in at the station kiosks to identify the user account. Bicycles can be used for the first 30 minutes at no extra cost. The next hour costing 0.50 and all subsequent use costing 1 euro per hour for the yearly pass. To return a bicycle one simply places the bike in a spare slot at a station, the bike is recognized automatically and is locked into place. Currently the service is being offered 24 hours a day during the whole year. Registrations Infrastructure Users Total Stations Bicycles Daily users Daily rents per bike 92,024 250 2,000 1,100 5 Table 5-2: Facts and figures of Sevici. 12
6. Terrasa 6.1. City overview Terrassa is a city in Catalonia, Spain. The city is located at the Catalan Prelitoral depression, at the foot of the Prelitoral mountain range (the Sant Llorenç del Munt nature reserve), the average altitude of the city is 277 meters above sea level. It is 28 and 20 kilometers from Barcelona and Montserrat respectively. Figure 6-1: Map of current bike lanes of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality. The bike lane network (red line) has been recently enlarged. It now comprises 11 km of separated lanes and 19 shared lanes (altogether roughly 30 km). Population Area Population density Tourists per year 206,245 70,2 km2 2939.6 inhabitant/km² 28,457 Temperature Parking places for Bikes Bikeway network length Average Maximum Minimum 16.2 C 27.7 C 1.45 C 400 30 Table 6-1: Facts and figures of Terrasa. 13
Terrasa 6.2. Ambicia t The public biking system of the city of Terrassa is a bike rental service for public use and with own personnel on the biking points where bikes can be obtained for staff from containers. The system was inaugurated on April, 26 2007. Today it still works as a manual system by registering and picking up bikes at one of the points having been provided with a key to release the bike. Figure 6-2: Bike station of Ambicia t. Image: Terrassa municipality. Service hours are from 7.30 a.m. to 7.30 p.m. from Monday to Friday (except August when there is no service). Service is completely free of charge. The maximum rental time is 4 hours. Currently renting points are located on key mobility spots in the city such as the town-hall, railway-stations and the university. Figure 6-3: Map of current bike lanes and bike stations of Terrasa. Image: Terrassa municipality. 14
Terrasa The key goal of the public biking service in this small city is the integration of the bike into intermodal transportation. Registrations Infrastructure Users Total Stations Bicycles Daily users 4,721 5 100 207 Table 6-2: Facts and figures of Ambicia t. 15
7. Saragossa 7.1. City overview The city of Saragossa ( Zaragoza in Spanish) is the capital of the autonomous region of Aragon and the province of Zaragoza. It ranksfifth amongst Spain s cities by population (666,129 inhabitants at January 1st, 2008 according to the Spanish Statistical Institute, and 682,283 inhabitants according to the municipality) and the forth city in terms of economic activity. Population Area Tourists per year 682,283 1,063.1 km² 822,124 Temperature Precipitation Average Maximum Minimum Ammount 14.9C 39.0 C -6.5 C 636mm Table 7-1: Facts and figures of Saragossa. Figure 7-1: City s bike lanes and bike rental points. Zaragoza municipality. In 2008, the bike rental system (Bizi) was implemented in the city and 40 km of urban bike lanes were built. Thus there were 88.4 km of bike lanes available in the city. In June 2009, 9,000 daily bike uses (rented bikes) were estimated and further 20,000 daily private bike movements were registered. In addition, in September 2009 a fourth enlargement of the biking system will be carried out. This will provide for 1,000 bikes with 30,000 subscriptions and 100 stations. The construction of further 11.4 km urban bike lanes in the course of 2009 is also planned. Thus Zaragoza expects to be a leader in bike use amongst Spanish cities. 16
Saragossa 7.2. Bizi BiZi is a public bike rental service in Saragossa and was inaugurated on May 28, 2008. It is a service managed by the company Clear Channel and is similar to the Barcelona's system. Currently there are 69 stations available, distributed accross the city centre. Another 30 stations are to be created in September 2009 (with 300 new bikes). A later potential enlargement is being studied. Currently there are almost 30,000 subscribers. Figure 7-2: Bike station of Bizi. Image: BiZi. A yearly subscription costs 20. The first half hour is free. Following hours (up to a maximum of 2 hours use) costs 0.50. bike use of more than two hours incurs a fine amounting to 3.00 per hour. If 24 hours are exceeded, a 200 fine is applied. A three day subscription costs 5. Rates and terms are the same as for annual users. Service hours are as follows: Monday to Thursday from 6 a.m. to midnight. On Fridays and the day before holidays from 6 a.m. to 1 p.m. On Saturdays from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. On Sundays and holidays from 8 a.m. to midnight Opening of Bizi stations will continue until 1,000 bicycles and 100 stations are in service. Most Bizi stations have nearby access to buses, railways and public parking. Stations Bicycles May 2008 30 300 May 2008 40 400 May 2010 30 300 Total 100 1,000 Table 7-2: Future number of bikes and stations. 17
8. Ribera Alta 8.1. City overview Ribera Alta is a comarca in the autonomous region of Valencia, Spain, in the province of Valencia. Its capital and administrative centre is Alzira. It is the second most populated urban area of the province of Valencia outside the province's capital and it's metropolitan belt. Because of urban growth, the municipalities of Alcria, Algemesi and Carcagente have merged together becoming a population core of nearly one hundred inhabitants. Population Area Density Bikeway network 920,000 269.2 km² 341 inhabitant/km² 10 km Table 8-1: Facts and figures of community of municipalities of Ribera Alta. Figure 8-1: Location of Ribera Alta in the Region of Valencia and its municipal composition. Image: Ribera Alta. 8.2. Ambici The Public biking system has 13 bike stations in 5 municipalities. The total number of bikes is 350. The system is available 24 hours every day of the year. The system works by means of a card acquired on registeration to the service 18
Ribera Alta Infrastructure Bike stations Bikes Distance between stations 13 350 300-400 m Table 8-2: Facts and figures of Ambici. ALZIRA 5 stations ALGEMESÍ 3 stations CARCAIXENT 2 stations CARLET 2 stations BENIMODO 1 station Figure 8-2: Location and number of bike stations of Ambici. Image: Ambici. 19
9. Vitoria 9.1. City overview Vitoria is the capital of the province of Álava and the autonomous community of the Basque Country, in northern Spain. It is the second largest Basque city, after Bilbao. Construction of the first lane sections for biking traffic in Vitoria-Gasteiz started in the mid- 80es. During this period sections linking the city's green areas and the countryside. Since that time, the network has been progressively enlarged reaching a current total of 78.1 km of bike lanes. 39.4 km of this network pass through the city s main streets. In the last years several actions have been taken. The urban path project and the putting in operation of the bike rental service among others have contributed to an improved split for cycling. In the near future, the Cycling Plan and the implementation of a complete bike lane network aim to turn biking into an urban transportation alternative for a growing number of inhabitants Figure 9-1: Cycling network of Vitoria. Image Vitoria municipality. Population Area Tourists per year Density 233,399 276.8 km² 220,305 854 Temperature Precipitation Average Maximum Minimum Amount Days 8.4 C 37.1 C 6 C 649 mm 135 Table 9-1: Facts and figures of Vitoria. 20
Vitoria 9.2. Public bike system of Vitoria Gasteiz This is a manual bike rental service managed from bike stations that are civic centres, tourist information centres and other centres that require user s registration. The system, managed by the municipality, was implemented on July 15, 2004. The service is based on a free bike rental system provided in 10 rental points distributed through the whole city of Vitoria-Gasteiz from April to November. At each point 20 bikes provided. They can be used daily during the hours 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. Infrastructure Bike stations Bikes Distance between stations 15 300 350 m Figure 9-2: Bike station in Vitoria. Image: Vitoria municipality. Infrastructure Bike stations Bikes Distance between stations 15 300 350 m Table 9-2: Facts and figures of public bike system of Vitoria. The service may be used by any person willing to register, providing personal data and an official identification document (national identification document, passport etc.). A complete informatics program controls the bike status, its availability at each rental point and any incident that happens in the course of the day. 21