Konstantin Glukhenkiy Economic Affairs Officer

Transcription

1 Konstantin Glukhenkiy Economic Affairs Officer

2 Rapid growth of urban areas Very rapid increase in motorisation Substantial increases in traffic congestion Relative decline of public transport usage and services Shift from public to private sector provision of services and facilities Shift from new road construction to intensive management of urban road networks and improved public transit Source: World Bank and UNECE

3 Rapid introduction of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) Potential for better acceptance and deployment of demand management techniques Revival of multi-modal urban public transport Conversion of public transport terminals into commercial areas Emergence of eco-cities with a strong emphasis on modern public transport Source: World Bank and UNECE

4 It is one that can satisfy the numerous and diverse requirements of the metropolitan mobility, including minimizing travelling time between various locations, while at the same time internalises externalities to positively affect the well-being and the quality of life of the citizens of that area

5 Source: Littman T., APTA 2007, 2012 Todd Litman, Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs, Best Practices Guidebook, 2013 American Public Transportation Association (APTA), 2012 FACTBOOK

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7 Source: Todd Litman, Victoria Transport Policy Institute (2013), Evaluating Public Transit Benefits and Costs

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9 Around 30 capitals of UNECE member States surveyed in 2012

10 Correlation between urbanization rate and the level of GDP per capita, 2011) Relation between rides with urban public and private motorized transport in 27 ECE capitals, as per size of capital area, size of the capital population and capital density

11 Number of urban public transport options in 33 ECE capitals, 2011 Length of urban public transport network in relation to the size of the metropolitan area and its population, capitals grouped by their population density, 27 capitals, 2011

12 Bus average speed and differences in speed, capitals grouped by their population density, 23 capitals, 2011 Availability of options for urban public transport ticket purchase, average number of options for all modes, 29 capitals, 2011 Average daily number of cars on metropolitan roads, capitals grouped by their population density, 21 capitals, 2011

13 Transport fatalities and injuries in urban areas per 100,000 urban inhabitants, 13 ECE member countries, 2010 Public transport fatalities and injuries per 100,000 inhabitants of ECE capitals, 20 capitals, 2011

14 Emissions of CO2 per capita in ECE capitals, 36 capitals, 2009 Concentration of PM10 versus ratio of public to private trips, 2011 Source: UNSTATS

15 Intelligent Transport System (ITS) (comfort) Availability of ITS for passenger information in urban public transport options in 29 ECE capitals, 2011

16 Bicycle use in ECE capitals per 1000 population, 19 capitals, 2011 Changes in relation between rides with urban public transport to private motorized transport by adding rides with bicycle in 18 ECE capitals

17 Relation between bus single ticket fare and monthly wage at the country level in ECE capitals, 2011 Relation between bus monthly ticket fare and monthly wage at the country level in ECE capitals, 2011

18 Number of total bus employees and bus drivers to bus fleet in operation during peak hours, 2011 Use of the available bus fleet, 2011

19 Quality of urban public transport in ECE capitals Possible deviation in quality of public transport in ECE capitals, 2011

20 Quality and safety of public transport 1. Several options of service well interconnected with each other. 2. Adequate accessibility 3. Average speed above 20 km/h for bus, trolley and tram service and above 30 km/h for metro and urban train service 4. Adequate comfort, including clean, low-floor and airconditioned vehicles, real-time information in vehicles and at the stations and various passenger-friendly options of ticket purchase. 5. Public transport should be safe limiting the risk of injuries or fatalities as well as of theft or harassment to nearly zero.

21 Traffic congestions and pollution 6. Road capacity for private motorized transport should be decreased in city centres, which can be easily accessible by the public transport. Instead the existing road capacity should be dedicated to on-ground public transport modes, bicycles and widened pedestrian zones. 7. Congestion fees should be introduced on the high traffic corridors to city centres while park-and-ride infrastructure should be made available in the suburbs to allow for easy intermodal connection. 8. Introduction of ITS.

22 Cycling and walking 9. Should be encouraged through availability of adequate infrastructure, especially for short trips. 10. Should be encouraged in connection with public transport for longer trips Affordability of urban transfers 11. Fares for public transport use should be set at the level taking into account the profitability of the operation and the average income of the population. 12. Fees for car driving, preferably as direct fees, should be introduced in urban areas to reflect the costs of externalities caused by car driving.

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24 - Little impact on overall traffic levels as the toll price was set at a relatively low level. Toll fees have to be rather high to have a considerable effect on car ride. Toll pricing schemes are difficult to alter once established. - Even the low price allowed to fund many new roads and increasingly into public transport and cycling projects. - Urban transport problems have to be urgent for road pricing to be accepted. Public acceptance can be increased with a set of carrot measures, e.g. as public transport improvements, park&ride facilities, etc. - Intervention by central government can be necessary in order to overcome local decision problems.

25 - The largest city to have adopted congestion pricing and its success has inspired other cities around the globe - First introduced in 2003, then expanded. Around 10 charge between and in the congestion zone (centre) - Prior to the charge, London drivers spent 50 % t of their time in traffic jams, costing the city between 2 4 million a week. As of 2007, congestion had dropped 21 per cent, and approximately 70,000 fewer vehicles entered the extended congestion pricing zone daily - Each year more than 123 million are raised for public transport improvements - Bus ridership has increased by 45 % and bicycle use by 43 %

26 Definition - A system that integrates information and communication technologies with transport infrastructure, vehicles and users Main objectives - Real-time information for the users and forecasting - Traffic management and enforcement - Trucking and logistics Examples - Video monitoring of traffic and enforcement cameras - Intelligent traffic signals - Variable message signs - Traffic message radio channels

27 In March 2012 ITC recognized that ITS could become a major challenge for the future. ITC approved the UNECE Road Map. As the use of ITS solutions faced and still continues to face obstacles, the formulation of a common strategy was necessary. The UNECE Road Map for promoting ITS includes 20 global actions to be implemented between 2012 and The latest workshop in Brussels (17 18 November 2014)

28 - Can provide information on current travel conditions, the availability of parking spaces, or real time public transport information

29 C, 1 a C, 2 A, 4 a A, 4 b G, 1 a C, 3 e C, 10 A, 5 A, 9 C, 13 aa C, 13 ba A, 16 A, 17 a G, 1 b C, 14 C, 17 b A, 23 A, 24 G, 1 c C, 17 c C, 17 d A, 31 A, 32 Предписывающие знаки G, 11 b G, 12 a D, 1 a D, 9 G, 17

30 UNECE Inland Transport Committee, 77th session, 24 February 2015, Palais des Nations, Geneva Policy segment Rethinking sustainable urban transport and mobility to meet the challenges of a new era