Testing of Low GWP Replacements for R-410A in Stationary Air Conditioning Joshua Hughes Sonali Shah July 11-14, 2016
Outline Introduction Thermodynamic Properties System Testing Thermal Stability Lubricant Miscibility Materials Compatibility Conclusions 2
Opteon Offers the Optimal Balance of Properties 3
Outline Chemours Overview Regulatory Landscape Opteon Refrigerants Portfolio Technical Review of R-410A Alternatives Performance Results Flammability Test Results Lubricant & Compatibility Data Conclusions Discuss Market Feedback on Opteon XL55 to date 4
Low GWP Replacements for AC % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 410A Replacements GWP Reduction -67% -68% -78% 410A DR-55 32 DR-5A XL55 Most optimized R-410A replacement Best fit for R410A new equipment design Best energy performance Lowest 2L flammability GWP = 698(AR4), 676(AR5) XL41 DR-55 (R-452B) DR-5A (R-454B) Lowest GWP 410A replacement Close match to 410A Good energy performance 2L flammable GWP = 466(AR4), 467(AR5) 8
Thermodynamic Cycle Comparison Similar pressure and cycle performance characteristics with R-410A DR-55 = R32/R125/R1234yf (67/7/26 wt%) DR-5A = R32/R1234yf (68.9/31.1 wt%) 10.0 Pressure [MPa] 1.0 R-410A DR-5A DR-55 0.1 50 150 250 350 450 550 Enthalpy [kj/kg] 6
Thermodynamic Cycle Model Performance AC Candidates R-410A DR-5A DR-55 GWP (AR4) 2088 466 698 GWP (AR5) 1924 467 676 Capacity vs. R-410A 0% -4% -3% COP vs. R-410A 0% 1% 1% Glide [K] 0.1 1.3 1.1 T Discharge [ C] 82 87 87 LFL (Vol %) N/A 11.25 12.25 Burning Velocity (cm/s) 0.0 3.7 3.0 - Thermodynamic cycle model results for Tcond = 46.1 C [115 F], Tevap = 10.0 C [50 F], Subcool = 8.3 K [15 R], Superheat = 11.1 K [20 R], Compressor efficiency = 0.70 7 August 29, 2016
Drop-in Performance Test Results Tested off-the-shelf 8.8 kw, 16 SEER ducted split AC/HP system in environmental chamber Scroll compressor with POE lubricant No system modifications, except for oil drain on compressor 8
Drop-In Cooling Performance Test Results 9
Soft-Optimized Performance Test Results Tested off-the-shelf 8.8 kw, 16 SEER ducted split AC/HP system in environmental chamber Scroll compressor with POE lubricant Replaced OEM TXV with EEV to match R-410A superheat 10
Soft-Optimized Performance Test Results - Close capacity match with improved COP with DR-55 and DR-5A 11
Soft-Optimized Performance Test Results - Mass flow rate similar to R-410A - Discharge temperatures closer to R-410A 12
LCCP Model: Test Set Up Program Inputs: Air Capacities (Btu/hr) & Total Power (W) CO2-Eq. emissions for virgin refrigerant (kg CO2/kg) Atmospheric Degradation Products (kg CO2/kg) GWP (kg CO2 /kg) Calculation for the following cities: Houston, TX: Hot Humid Phoenix, AZ: Hot Dry Chicago, IL: Cool Humid Denver, CO: Cool Dry
Results: Relative Emissions 1.200 Houston, TX Phoenix, AZ Chicago, IL Denver, CO 1.000 0.800 Direct Emissions Indirect Emissions 0.600 0.400 0.200 0.000
Thermal Stability Thermal stability was evaluated using ASHRAE Standard 97 with RL 32-3MAF as a lubricant Tubes were loaded with metal coupons, then filled with refrigerant and lubricant Some tubes contained refrigerant with air contamination (2000 ppm) and oil with moisture contamination (500 ppm) Tubes were sealed and aged at 175 C for 14 days Indicators: High concentrations of fluoride ion fluid decomposition MDL (minimum detection limit) fluoride/chlorine ions were below procedure detection limit (MDL = 0.3 ppm) July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 15
Thermal Stability Air (mmhg) Water (ppm) Metal Coupons F- (ppm) Cl- (ppm) DR-5A None None Yes 3.46 10.48 DR-5A 7.6 None Yes 6.06 8.45 DR-5A None 500 Yes 8.06 11.31 DR-5A 7.6 500 Yes 7.41 15.58 GC impurity in ppm DR-5A stock Tube #3 Tube #6 Tube #9 Tube #12 HFC-1243zf 0.95 1.1 1.25 8.29 3.09 difluorodimethyl silane ND 2.12 3.38 ND ND HCFC-31 ND 2.79 2.35 1.27 1.3 July 11-14, 2016 Purdue Conferences 16
Lubricant Solubility DR-55/POE32 Daniel Plot DR-55 exhibits similar behavior with existing lubricants as R-410A 17
DR-55 Miscibility with POE Miscibility very similar to R-410A with POE 32 3MA Refrigerant:R 410A Lubricant: POE Temperature (C) refrigerant /oil -50-45 -40-35 -30-25 -20-15 -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 95 / 5% N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 90 / 10% N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N 85 / 15% N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N 80 / 20 % N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N N 70 / 30% N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M N N M M N N N 40 / 60% N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 30 / 70% M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M Refrigerant:DR 55 Lubricant: POE Temperature (C) refrigerant/ oil -50-45 -40-35 -30-25 -20-15 -10-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 95 / 5% N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 90 / 10% N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N 85 / 15% N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N 80 / 20 % N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N 70 / 30% N N N N N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N 40 / 60% N N N M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M N N M M 30 / 70% M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M M 18
100 C for two weeks, DR-55 Plastics Compatibility August 29, 2016 19
DR-55 Elastomer Compatibility August 29, 2016 20
Technical Conclusions DR-55 R-410A replacement optimized for the best energy performance and lowest 2L flammability (A2L expected) XL55 performance testing has continued with positive results Compatible with existing R-410A POE lubricants with similar miscibility and working viscosity Plastics and elastomers compatibility similar to R- 410A 21
Acknowledgements THANK YOU Disclaimer: The information set forth herein is furnished free of charge and based on technical data that Chemours believes to be reliable. It is intended for use by persons having technical skill, at their own risk. Since conditions of use are outside our control, we make no warranties, expressed or implied and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information. Nothing herein is to be taken as a license to operate under, or a recommendation to 22infringe any patents or patent applications.