General The recommended procedures for coping with various types of emergencies and critical situations are provided in this section. These procedures are suggested as a course of action for coping with the particular condition described, but are not a substitute for sound judgment and common sense. Pilots should familiarize themselves with the procedures given in this section and be prepared to take appropriate action should an emergency arise. Most basic emergency procedures, such as power off landings, are a normal part of pilot training. Although these emergencies are discussed here, this information is not intended to replace such training, but only to provide a source of reference and review, and to provide information on procedures which are not the same for all aircraft. It is suggested that the pilot review standard emergency procedures periodically to remain proficient in them. Procedure Checklists AIRSPEEDS FOR SAFE OPERATION One Engine Inoperative Air Minimum Control...85 KIAS One Engine Inoperative Best Angle of Climb...10 I KIAS One Engine Inoperative Best Rate of Climb...116 KIAS Maneuvering...160 KIAS Never Exceed...244 KIAS ENGINE SECURING PROCEDURE (FEATHERING PROCEDURE) Throttle...... CLOSE Prop control...... FEATHER (1000 RPM min.). Mixture...... idle cut-off Boost pump...... OFF Fuel selector......off Magneto switch OFF Alternator......... OFF Bleed air.........press to OFF Auxiliary hydraulic ARMED Prop sync (if installed)......... MANUAL Electrical load. REDUCE Trim......... AS REQUIRED Fuel crossfeed.. AS REQUIRED ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (BEFORE LIFTOFF) If sufficient runway remains for a safe stop: Throttles...CLOSE IMMEDIATELY Brakes... AS REQUIRED - 1
If insufficient runway remains for a safe stop: Throttles...CLOSE IMMEDIATELY Brakes...MAXIMUM (while runway remains) Mixtures...IDLE CUTOFF Fuel selectors... OFF Magneto switches.... OFF Battery... OFF Directional control MAINTAIN (maneuver to avoid obstacles) Crew and passengers...evacuate ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (AFTER LIFTOFF) If sufficient landing area remains for a safe stop: Throttles.. CLOSE Gear.. CHECK DOWN Flaps. FULL DOWN Airspeed. ESTABLISH 95 KIAS Brakes.. AS REQUIRED (after touchdown) If insufficient landing area remains for a safe stop and the decision is made to abort the takeoff: Throttles...... CLOSE IMMEDIATELY Gear......DOWN (terrain permitting) Flaps...... FULL DOWN Airspeed...... 95 KIAS Mixtures...... IDLE CUTOFF Fuel selectors...... OFF Magneto switches..... OFF Battery... :... OFF Land avoiding obstacles. If insufficient landing area remains for a safe stop and the decision is made to continue the takeoff: Warning! Negative climb performance may result from an engine failure occurring after lift-off and before the landing gear and flaps have been retracted, the failed engine propeller feathered and a speed of 116 KIAS has been obtained. One engine inoperative climb performance is also affected by aircraft weight, density altitude and other ambient conditions. Lateral/ directional control..............maintain Airspeed ACCELLERATE to 101 KIAS Mixture controls.. FULL RICH Prop controls FULL FORWARD Throttles ADVANCE to 42.0 in. MAP Auxiliary hydraulic ON Gear UP Flaps UP Inoperative engine. DETERMINE Prop control (inoperative engine). FEATHER Airspeed.. 116 KIAS after all obstacles have been cleared - 2
Trim AS REQUIRED Climb straight ahead (avoiding obstacles and attain sufficient altitude to execute One Engine Inoperative Landing procedure. Inoperative engine... SECURE (Refer to Engine Securing Procedure) ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (BELOW 93 KIAS) Power...IMMEDIATELY REDUCE Lateral/ directional control... MAINTAIN Pitch attitude...lower nose to attain speed above 93 KIAS Continue with procedures given for "Engine Failure During Flight (Above 93 KIAS)." ENGINE FAILURE DURING FLIGHT (ABOVE 93 KIAS) Lateral/ directional control... MAINTAIN Airspeed...ATTAIN AND MAINTAIN at least 116 KIAS Mixtures... FULL RICH Power AS REQUIRED Boost pumps......on Fuel selectors ON If failed engine does not restart, continue as follows: Inoperative engine... DETERMINE Inoperative engine... SECURE (Refer to Engine Securing Procedure) Land as soon as practical at nearest suitable airport using the "One Engine Inoperative Landing" procedure. - 3
CROSSFEED (X-FEED) WITH INOPERATIVE ENGINE CAUTION Fuel system limitations outlined in Normal and Aircraft Systems checklists must be adhered to for crossfeed operation. When either X-FEED (crossfeed) selector is in the X-FEED position, the selected engine is obtaining its total fuel supply from the opposite wing fuel tank. Frequently monitor selected wing fuel tank quantity. Level coordinated flight...maintain Fuel selector (operative engine)...x-feed Fuel quantity (selected wing tank)... MONITOR FREQUENTLY After utilizing required fuel from inoperative engine wing fuel tank and prior to initiating descent, continue as follows: Fuel selector (operative engine)... ON AIR START (UNFEATHERING PROCEDURE) Fuel selector... ON Boost pump... ON Mixture IDLE CUT-OFF Throttle OPEN 1/2 inch Prop control...... SLIGHTLY FORWARD of feather detent Starter ENGAGE, released to BOTH Mixture.. FULL RICH Prop control.. ADJUST to 2000 RPM Throttle.. ADJUST to 15 in. MAP Oil pressure...check Boost pump... OFF, unless failure was engine driven fuel pump Alternator...ON Bleed air.. PRESS to ON Electrical equipment... ON as desired Engine temperature/ pressure...normal Prop controls... SET AS DESIRED Throttles... SET AS DESIRED Prop sync... ON AS DESIRED Mixtures SET Trim... AS REQUIRED - 4
ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE LANDING Inoperative engine.. SECURED (Refer to Engine Securing Procedure) Altimeter.........SET Seat belts/ harnesses........secure Boost pump (operative engine)...... ON Mixture (operative engine) FULL RICH Fuel selector (operative engine)...... ON X-FEED annunciator light... CHECK OUT Prop control (operative engine)... FULL FOR WARD Flaps 20 DOWN, do not extend more than 20 flaps Airspeed... MAINTAIN 116 KIAS minimum Throttle (operative engine)...as REQUIRED When landing is assured: Gear...... DOWN Gear down lights...,... 3 GREEN ON Airspeed (approach) Flaps UP... 111 KIAS Flaps 20 DOWN... 104 KIAS Throttle (operative engine)...retard slowly and flare for landing Directional control MAINTAIN as power is reduced Braking.. AS REQUIRED ONE ENGINE INOPERATIVE GO-AROUND WARNING Under certain combinations of aircraft weight, configuration, ambient conditions, and airspeeds a go around attempt may result in negative climb performance. Avoid if possible; but if necessary: Airspeed...... MAINTAIN climb speed Best angle...... 101 K IAS Best rate...... 116 KIAS Mixture (operating engine)......full RICH Prop control {operating engine)...... FULL FORWARD Throttle (operating engine)...... ADVANCE to 42.0 in. MAP Auxiliary hydraulic......... ARMED Gear......... UP Flaps.. (in steps) UP Trim... AS REQUIRED DECREASING MANIFOLD PRESSURE Prop control (cruise flight) SELECT HIGHER RPM Alternate air PULL OPEN - 5
ENGINE OVERHEAT Boost pump ON Mixture.. ENRICH Power REDUCE Airspeed. INCREASE (if altitude permits) LOSS OF OIL PRESSURE Engine.SECURE (Refer to Engine Securing Procedure) ALTERNATOR FAILURE Failed alternator. DETERMINE NOTE The appropriate alternator warning light should illuminate, however certain multiple failures may not annunciate. These failures may be determined by monitoring the voltammeter. Failed alternator OFF Electrical load.. REDUCE Circuit breaker (failed alternator) IN If circuit breaker resets satisfactorily: Failed alternator...on Volt-ammeter...CHECK Electrical load...increase AS REQUIRED If circuit breaker will not reset or if alternator will not re-excite: Failed alternator.. OFF Electrical load......maintain AT MINIMUM RADIO MASTER SWITCH/RELAY FAILURE Avionics ALL OFF Radio master ON Avionics ON only as required HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS EMERGENCY GEAR EXTENSION (Loss of hydraulic system pressure) Airspeed...ESTABLISH below 130 KIAS Gear/Door release.. PULL OUT Gear handle...down Gear ind. lights... 3 YELLOW The hydraulic lines are opened allowing the hydraulic cylinders on the landing gear to drain. This process will take up to 20 seconds. The gears should free-fall extend through the doors under their own weight. Gear ind. lights... 3 green ON - 6
WARNING This process will destroy the hydraulic cylinders, transmission lines and seals for each landing gear. Therefore, it will not longer be possible to retract the landing gear. Replacement of the entire gear hydraulic system will be necessary. HYDRAULIC PRESSURE LOSS (ABOVE 500 PSI) A partial loss of hydraulic system pressure is probably caused by a failure of the right engine driven hydraulic pump or loss of accumulator charge. Flap handle...select NEUTRAL Aux. hydraulic. ARM Hydraulic pressure MONITOR If hydraulic pressure does not stabilize at or above 500 PSI, continue with procedures given for "Hydraulic Pressure Loss (Below 500 PSI)." If hydraulic pressure stabilizes at or above 500 PSI continue as follows: Land as soon as practical at nearest suitable airport following normal "Before Landing" procedures, except as follows: Flaps. AS DESIRED return handle to neutral WARNING Flaps will not operate at hydraulic pressures below 500 PSI! HYDRAULIC PRESSURE LOSS (BELOW 500 PSI) Continuously decreasing or totally depleted hydraulic system pressure indication is probably caused by a system failure rather than a failure of the right engine driven hydraulic pump. Flap handle.. Immediately select NEUTRAL Aux. hydraulic...arm, if pressure does not stabilize at 900 to 1050 PSI, turn aux. hydraulic OFF NOTE If the failure is the right engine driven hydraulic pump, the aux. hydraulic pump will increase and stabilize pressure at 900 to 1050 PSI. If hydraulic pressure stabilizes at 900 to 1050 PSI by means of the auxiliary hydraulic pump, continue with "Hydraulic Pressure Loss (Above 500 PSI)." - 7
FUEL SYSTEM MALFUNCTIONS FUEL PUMP FAILURE IN FLIGHT (Engine driven) Affected engine: Boost pump...on Mixture... FULL RICH After engine regains normal power: Mixture... AS REQUIRED NOTE If both engine driven fuel pump and boost pump fail, the engine will be inoperative. Perform "Engine Securing Procedure (Feathering Procedure)" and conduct "One Engine Inoperative Landing" procedure at nearest suitable airport. LOW FUEL WARNING LIGHT ILLUMINATED (12 gallons or less in fuselage tank) WARNING Do not use X-FEED for descent and landing. CAUTION When the low fuel warning light first illuminates continuously there is a maximum of 12 gallons usable fuel remaining in the fuselage tank. THERE MUST BE FUEL IN THE FUSELAGE TANK TO ENSURE AN UNINTERRUPTED ENGINE FUEL SUPPLY. If an immediate landing is feasible or fuel does not remain' in both wing tanks, proceed as follows: Boost pumps (both)...on Fuel selectors (both)...on Execute a landing at nearest suitable landing area with fuel remaining. If an immediate landing is not feasible and fuel remains in both wing tanks, proceed as follows: Level coordinated flight...maintain Boost pumps (both)...on Power...REDUCE to maximum range Wing fuel quantities (both)...determine Fuel selectors (both) X-FEED At first indication of fuel pressure drop or power interruption and/ or prior to initiating descent, continue as follows: Fuel selectors (both) ON - 8
PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM MALFUNCTION DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE ABOVE 4.45 PSI OR STRUCTURAL FAILURE OCCURS OR APPEARS IMMINENT Dump valve.... PRESS to DUMP Descent... INITIATE NOTE If cabin does not completely depressurize, lift guard on cabin door seal switch and press to DEFLATE. Land as soon as possible if actual or imminent structural failure is suspected. LOSS OF ELEVATOR CONTROL IN FLIGHT Perform normal Before Landing procedures, except as follows: Pitch changes... use elevator trim (short inputs) and engine power Landing gear DOWN Establish a long straight- in landing approach with approx, 500 FPM rate of descent. Flaps...20 0 DOWN maximum, at least 500 ft. above runway Approach speed... MAINTAIN 110 KIAS minimum Landing...touch down slightly longer than normal, maintaining rate of descent at or below 500 FPM.do not flare with trim Throttles...CLOSED at touchdown EMERGENCY DESCENT CAUTION If pressurized, the following procedures will result in an immediate loss of pressurization and the cabin altitude will rise at an uncontrolled rate until approximately equal to the airplane's altitude. Fuel selectors (both) ON Throttles......FULL CLOSED Prop controls......full FORWARD Airspeed.........215 KIAS ATC ADVISE After reaching desired safe altitude, continue as follows: Throttles... ADVANCE slowly to 15 in. MAP Prop controls...select 2000 RPM Cabin altitude control SELECT and obtain a cabin altitude equal to or higher than flight altitude Engine temperatures/ pressures...normal Prop controls... SET AS DESIRED - 9
Throttles... SET AS DESIRED Mixtures... SET AS DESIRED GEAR UP LANDING Radio... inform ground personnel Fuel...burn off (if time allows) Passengers...brief Cabin baggage... stow Normal landing checklist...complete Gear... UP Bleed air (both). PRESS to OFF Cabin door seal. DEFLATE Electrical load...reduce to minimum Alternators (both)...off Make a normal approach with FULL DOWN flaps. Boost pumps (on short final)...off When over landing area and landing assured: Prop controls. FEATHER Mixtures. IDLE CUT-OFF Touch down at minimum safe airspeed and level attitude. Fuel selectors...... OFF Hydraulic shutoff valve...... OFF Battery...... OFF Crew and passengers.. EVACUATE - 10