Advanced Project Management: Planning renewable energy projects Dr.-Ing. Britta Buchholz March 02, 2012
Szenario: Development of renewable energy sources Source: ISET, Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, J. Bard March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 2
Cost reduction scenario as to learning curves Source: ISET, Prof. Dr. J. Schmid, J. Bard March 2, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 3
Annual mean solar radiation 1961-1990 in kwh/m²a Source: International Panel on Climate Change March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 4
I-V characteristic curve and maximum power point (MPP) at Standard Testing Conditions (STC) STC: Irradiation: 1000 W/m² Temperature: 25 C AirMass: 1.5 March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 5
I-V characteristic curve at different irradiation levels Source: Kassel University March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 6
Example: Pilot installation in the European funded R&D project PV MIPS Test installation for PV MIPS on the roof of MVV Energie Headquarters March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 7
Partners in the European Research Project PV MIPS PV MIPS = Photovoltaic module with integrated power conversion and interconnection system The following companies and research institutes are partners of the project. The project was co-funded by the European Commission. March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 8
Example: Project model for pilot installation in the European R&D project PV MIPS Constraints: Financial: Project budget 400.000 EUR German Feed-in tariff 2009 Legal: grid connection codes in Germany/ city of Mannheim Time: Project end Oct 30, 2010 now Dec 31, 2011 Quality: fit to the EU project requests. Input: want/need Small scale field test for innovative technology PV system Mechanisms: - knowledge: internal and external PV know-how - tools and techniques: project management - technology: PV systems Output: satisfied need Field test evaluated March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 9
SMART goal for the field test in PV MIPS Test the very small PV-system with module integrated inverter which were developed by the project consortium in a field test with a total of 100 kwp with sizes of indivdual systems between 0,15 and 30 kwp for one full year by Dec 2010 base on the following test criteria installation of the system operation and maintenance performance ratio impact on the low voltage distribution grid impact on grid codes acceptance of customers cost March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 10
Work breakdown structure WP7 PV MIPS Field test Mannheim 7.1 System configuration 7.2 Selection of locations 7.3 Installation 7.4 Test operation 7.5 Public relations March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 11
7.1 System configuration Example for a task description Leader: Britta Buchholz Goal of task: Elaborate a PV system configuration with components that will be developed in the project consortium. The system shall have a plug & play configuration. It shall be possible for a lay person to install the system. Description: Identify private customer requirements with a market survey Elaborate required technical system configuration with plug&play feature Comment on grid codes and feed-in tariff for the pilot test Prepare contracts for customers Milestones and deliverables: D7.1 Technical report on system configuration (month 18) M7.1 System configuration completed (month 18) Resources: 3 pm Cost: Personnel: 30 k ; Material: 5 k ; Subcontracts: none, Travel: 5 k, Others: 4 k Duration 6 months, earliest start date: month 6, latest ending date: month 18 Predecessor: WP1.1: Study on state of the art and revised project goals (month 6) Successor (output delivered to other work package/ task/ activity: WP 7.3: Installation March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 12
7.1 System configuration Result Design of small PV-generators, 150Wp each, consisting of three a-si Modules EPV 50 Advantages of a-si modules: less material and minor need of energy in production For each system one inverter, modified Delta Gridfit 250 is installed. Output power is decreased on 165 W Plug can be connected to socket in house Monitoring by smart meter Monitoring of the effects on the grid Delta-inverter EPV Module March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 13
PV-MIPS system: Plug-and-play set of 3 PV a-si modules plus one inverter These modules are installed without the frame, they are 2,30 in width and 1,30 in height. The removal of the frame heightens the flexibility in installation and lessens the costs March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 14
Electrical installation Electrical installation 3 a-si modules EPV 50; 50W p each Option WR 1-phase = ~ Modem Export meter kwh ISDN / Powerline.. Feed in into electrical inhouse grid House electric grid connection box Grid, MVV Energie March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 15
Advantages of the system and tasks Less cabeling, no DC- cabeling needed If further developed, system can be installed by layperson (Plug & Play) Lower price because of easier installation and mass production In case of expansion or partly dismounting more flexible Higher output in terms of partly shading Better fit of module and inverter Learning about the interaction of PV-systems to each other and to low voltage grid Comparison of the output to conventional PV-generators If possible: change of the grid codes for connecting PV generators to the grid March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 16
7.2 Selecting locations Finding distributed generators which already feed into the LV-grid in Mannheim Checking the low voltage grid structure inside Mannheim Looking for adequate schools inside of these quarters Inform customers and employees of MVV Energie about the project (customer + employee magazine) and give them the possibility to contact MVV Energie PV MIPS team Visiting the customers and checking the roof for installation Contract a roof rental agreement with the city of Mannheim (Schools) and private house owners Checking the statics of the schools March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 17
7.2 Selection of locations: Results Result: The following city quarters have good conditions Feudenheim Neckarstadt Oststadt Schönau Wallstadt March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 18
At project start, six PV-systems have been feeding into the grid segment of Mannheim-Wallstadt 2 kw p 1,21 kw p 2 kw p 1,4 kw p 1,91 kw p 23 kw p March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 19
A view behind the scene: this distribution grid provides the settlement with electricity 3 transformers March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 20
7.3 Installation Beginning with installation on flat roofs, easier to learn with the new system Continue installation with pitched roofs
Installations Schools: Ludwig-Frank-Gymnasium Installation of 6 Systems a 150 Wp = 900 Wp First installation on schools Caused by statical problems an alternative roof on the school had to be found March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 22
Installations Schools: Carl-Benz-Schule Installation of 6 Systems a 150 Wp = 900 Wp Some problems with shading caused by surrounding buildings March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 23
Installations Kulturhalle Installation of 6 Systems a 150 Wp = 900 Wp Eventually some problems with vandalism caused by backyard atmosphere March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 24
Electrical Installation on private houses Electrical installation 3 a-si Modules EPV 50; each 50W p option 1 phase inverter = ~ Modem Feed in meter kw h ISDN / Powerline.. Connection to grid House connection box LV grid, MVV Energie March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 25
Location of the quarters in Mannheim Feudenheim in the east of Mannheim, mostly small houses, home of middle and upper class people Neckarstadt north of the centre of Mannheim, houses with four to five floors, home of students and middle class people Oststadt, east of the centre of Mannheim, mostly houses with three to four floors, home of upper class people Schönau in the north of Mannheim, one family houses and block houses, home of middle and lower class people Wallstadt in the east of Mannheim, mostly small houses, home of middle class people March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 26
Location of installations at Feudenheim Relatively consistent allocation with a small concentration in the southwest Significant is the complete missing of the building area of the eighties in the southeast as well as the quarter of larger houses in the nothwest March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 27
Location of installations at Wallstadt Relatively consistent allocation of PV MIPS March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 28
Location of installations at Schönau A big concentration in the north, no use of the roof of the Andersen school possible A small concentration in the south Clear effects of positive promotion through neighbours March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 29
Location of installations at Neckarstadt A small concentration in the northeast Two big apartment buildings in the west of Neckarstadt March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 30
Installation on flat roofs Actual Installations Private houseowners: flat roofs Altogether ten flat roof installations are done The installations on flat roofs are finished March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 31
Actual installations Private houseowners: pitched roofs 52 installations on pitched roofs are done, installations are finished Because of the good design partly neighbours are won as participants Because of bad weather conditions pitched roof installations were delayed March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 32
Actual installations Installation at UW 4 - map Origin: google maps, own adaptation showing the area of coming PV MIPS generators March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 33
Actual installations Installation at UW 4 - information Installation on the area of UW 4 (transformer station) of 81 kwp in sum 270 PV MIPS generators (40,5 kwp) One normal PV Generator with 40,5 kwp for comparison (both built with EPV modules) Start of installation of PV MIPS systems was in July Beginning with measurement of effects caused by so many small generators on the grid directly after finishing the installation of PV MIPS systems Problems with delays of delivery and wrong deliveries March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 34
Installation at UW 4 photos (July, 07th 2010 left; August, 16th 2010 right) March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 35
Installation at UW 4 photos (September and October 2010) March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 36
7.4 Test operation Analysis of measuring data at NVL-generators, HV-generators; Measuring of transient overvoltage together with AIT PQ-Measuring at UW 4; measuring of PV MIPS generators and generators for comparison Meeting for addition of technical connection conditions inside MVV Energie Testing was concluded and evaluated in 2011. March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz Slide 37
7.5 Public relations Events with customers Presentation in conferences Posters Lectures at universities Publication in MVV journals Local newspapers
Conclusions Project was successful. Time: Delay in accordance with European Commission Budget: Kept Quality: as requested Lessons learnt Installation of PV MIPS generators by skilled craftsmen is too expensive PV MIPS generators are too small for finding effects on the grid The concentration of PV MIPS generators is too low in the grid, no measuring results possible seeking for another place for concentrated installation The registration of PV MIPS generators at the grid operator is under actual conditions (TAB = technical connection conditions) difficult Plug in connection works, technical problems with earth leakage circuit breaker (FI- Schutzschalter) are solved Meeting for addition of technical connection conditions inside of MVV Energie at 12th of November, aim: getting a technical secure text for further registration of AC modules, bringing this as proposal in coming TAB meetings in Germany March 02, 2012 Dr. Britta Buchholz, Oliver Prahl Slide 39