Spanish observatory of Bike-sharing Bike-sharing schemes Esther Anaya Doctoral researcher Contemporary transportation and logistics course - guest seminar University of Greenwich, 7 th March 2017
Contents Introduction Definition Global evolution Spain - case study > PREZI Role of bike-sharing in mobility Challenges (and opportunities) Information Management Social Economic Conceptual 24 Feb 2017 Thank you and Q&A 2
Definition Shared bicycles hire systems of a public nature also understood as an individual public transport system. Unidirectionality of trips 3
Global evolution 4
Global evolution Hangzhou, China (2009) Source: Shanghai Daily Marrakech, Morocco (2016, COP22) Source: Smoove 5
Evolution in Spain @bici_publica Observatory presentation. Velocittà conference (Switzerland), 2016 https://prezi.com/x9qoqclufmpf/whats-in-the-future-for-bike-sharing/ Sources for this presentation: - Study on the update of the general database of bike-sharing in Spain - Survey to general population: mode choice, use, behaviour. 6
Role of bike-sharing in mobility Sharing in transport 7
Role of bike-sharing in mobility Visualising needs and conflicts El Periódico. Av. Diagonal, Barcelona 8
Role of bike-sharing in mobility Transitions: Can bike-sharing contribute to a more sustainable mobility system? Transition theory (transport). Geels, F. 9
Role of bike-sharing in mobility In an extreme event or catastrophe, bike-sharing can contribute to generate a shock in the system which allows a transition from a marginal option towards a more prominent one. http://bikeshare.com/category/lifestyle/ 10
Role of bike-sharing in mobility Earthquake and tsunami, Japón, 2011. Source: Reuters. Sandy Hurricane, New York, 2012. Source: Getty Tom Tom Traffic >1M trips in Olympic London, July 2012. Source: The Guardian Bike the strike. London, 2015. Source: Shutterstock 11
CHALLENGES Information challenges Management challenges Financial challenges Other economic challenges Social challenges Conceptual challenges 12
Information challenges Open data, big data: Apps Data management Transparency Barclays Cycle Hire Londres (UK)
Information challenges Research 14
Management challenges Complexity Feasibility studies Follow up and evaluation Flexibility/adaptat ion! Wood, J. et al.,2011. 15
Management challenges Environmental coherence: air pollution emissions CO2 Modal change from motorized vehicle to the bicycle (10%) SAVINGS EMISSION Bicycle redistribution in motorized transport (Vans and lorries) 16
Management challenges Evaluation Objectives > indicators Source: Fishman, 2015 17
Management challenges Integration with public transport Transport for London Logos 19
Management challenges Environmental adaptation 20
Managament/financial challenges Lack of transparency OCT 30, 2013 Careful with bids, procurement and contracts Establish a financial plan, look for sponsors and funding 21
Economic challenges Sponsors: - Is it desirable to use brands in public spaces and services? - How much is enough to put a name to the scheme? (Bicing: Vodafone 4 M euros in 3 years 8,6% annual costs; Barclays (Now Santander) 20% annual costs) - Es deseable? La ordenanza de Paisaje Urbano del Ayuntamiento de Barcelona, impide la publicidad en los vehículos de transporte (...) para preservar el carácter emblemático de los mismos. 22
Social challenges In the management side: Social coherence: workers from social programmes Employment: In Barcelona, every 24 public bicycles generate one direct job position (service andmaintenance) (Avilés, C. et al., 2011) 23 Project Biciboi Fundación Marianao
For users Social challenges Public service = for everyone? 24
- Equity Social challenges 25
Conceptual challenges What happens with private bicycle trips? % cumulative increase since 2004 2014/2004 On-street bicycle parking 459% Inner city trips 338% Km cycle lanes 86% Desplazamientos internos diarios en bicicleta en Barcelona 140.000 120.000 100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Internos (Bicicleta privada) Internos (Bicing) Fuente: E.Anaya, 2015 a partir de Ayto. de Barcelona Trip purpose of private bicycle and of public bicycles are partly different The user profile can be different or not (multimodal user) 26
Conceptual challenges Normalisation of cycling 27
Conceptual challenges Cost-benefit, what to include: positive externalities Not so applicable with electric bicycles Economic benefits for health of Bicing are estimated 21,1 M (costs are 18 M ) Benefits of physical activity with Bicing overweight up to 79 times the health risks caused by air pollution exposure and accidentality Fuente: Rojas-Rueda, D. et al. 2011 28
THANK YOU! Q&A Esther Anaya Doctoral researcher Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London estheranaya@gmail.com, e.anaya14@imperial.ac.uk @anayaesther http://www.linkedin.com/in/estheranaya http://imperial.academia.edu/estheranaya 29