MACHINE GUARDING 29 CFR 1910.211 to 1910.219
RULE OF THUMB Any machine part, function, or process that may cause injury must be safeguarded.
REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Regulatory requirements found in 29 CFR 1910, Subpart O Applies to specific types of equipment Describes general requirements
WHERE MECHANICAL HAZARDS OCCUR The point of operation In the power transmission apparatus Other moving parts
REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFEGUARDS Minimum general requirements include: Prevent contact Secure Protect from falling objects Create no new hazards Create no interference
PREVENT CONTACT The safeguard must prevent hands, arms, and any other part of an operator s body from making contact with dangerous moving parts. The safeguarding system should eliminate the possibility of the operator or another worker placing parts of their bodies near hazardous moving parts.
SECURE Operators should not be able to easily remove or tamper with safeguards Guards should be made with a durable material that will withstand normal wear and tear. Guards must be firmly secured to the machine.
PROTECT FROM FALLING PARTS Safeguard should ensure that no objects can fall into moving parts. A small tool dropped into a cycling machine could become a projectile that would strike and injure someone.
CREATE NO NEW HAZARDS A safeguard defeats its own purpose if it creates new hazards such as a jagged edge or an unfinished surface that could cause a laceration. The edges of the guard, for example, should be rolled or bolted so that sharp edges are eliminated.
CREATE NO INTERFERENCE A safeguard that impedes an operator from performing the job quickly and comfortably may be overridden or disregarded. Proper safeguarding may actually enhance efficiency since it relieves the operator s apprehensions about the injury.
TYPES OF GUARDS Fixed Adjustable Self-adjustable
FIXED GUARDS A permanent part of the machine Not dependant on any other part to perform the function Usually made of sheet metal, screen bars or other material which will withstand the anticipated impact Considered the preferred type of guard Simple and durable
ADJUSTABLE GUARDS Very flexible to accommodate various types of stock Manually adjusted
SELF-ADJUSTABLE GUARDS The opening is determined by the movement of the stock through the guard. Does not always provide maximum protection.
MACHINES REQUIRING GUARDING Bandsaws Circular Saws Grinders Flat fillers Transplanters Soil Mixers Pot fillers Fans PTOs (Power Take Off)
BANDSAWS
CIRCULAR SAW
GRINDERS
FLAT FILLERS
FLAT FILLERS (CONT.)
TRANSPLANTERS
SOIL MIXERS
POT FILLERS
FANS
POWER TAKE OFF (PTO) SHIELDS/GUARDS Every component of the PTO should be shielded for maximum protection. For this reason, engineers have developed four different types of shields: master shields stub shaft shields shaft shields implement shields.
POWER TAKE OFF SHIELDS/GUARDS (Cont.)
PRECAUTIONS WITH PTO SHIELDS/GUARDS Never remove PTO shields. Shield all PTOs completely by installing shaft shields, master shields, and implement shields. Always replace bent or damaged guards. Safety decals must be present on the tractor and PTO driven equipment. Do not perform maintenance on any equipment until the engine is shut off and the PTO and other machinery parts have completely stopped moving.
EXAMPLES OF POWER TAKE OFF GUARDING
WHEN IS EMPLOYEE TRAINING REQUIRED? For new operators and maintenance or setup personnel When any new or altered safeguards are put in service When operators are assigned to a new machine or operation
REQUIREMENTS FOR EMPLOYEE TRAINING Description and identification of hazards associated with particular machines The safeguards themselves, how they provide protection, and the hazards for which they are intended How to use the safeguards and why
REQUIREMENTS FOR EMPLOYEE TRAINING (Cont.) How and under what circumstances safeguards can be removed, and by whom (in most cases, repair or maintenance personnel only) What to do if a safeguard is damaged, missing or unable to provide adequate protection
SUMMARY Where mechanical hazards occur Requirements for safeguards Types of guards Machines requiring guarding (pictures) Employee training
REFERENCES FOR MORE INFORMATION http://www.cdc.gov/nasd/menu/topic/machine ry_guarding.html http://ohioline.osu.edu/aex-fact/0994_2.html http://www.osha.gov/sltc/machineguarding/ index.html#etools
Quiz time!!! LET S SEE WHAT YOU VE LEARNED
QUESTION 1 Mechanical hazards occur at the point of operation, in the power transmission apparatus, and. Answer: Mechanical hazards occur at the point of operation, in the power transmission apparatus, and in any other moving parts.
QUESTION 2 Any moving part on a piece of equipment that could injure an employee should be guarded. True or False Answer: True. All moving parts that create a hazard should be guarded.
QUESTION 3 Employees should be trained when new safeguards are put in service. True or False Answer: True. Employees should be trained when new or altered safeguards are put in service.
QUESTION 4 The blades of a fan located less than 7 feet from the ground shall be guarded and the guard shall have openings no larger than inch(es). Answer: The blades of a fan located less than 7 feet from the ground shall be guarded and the guard shall have openings no larger than one-half (1/2) inch.
QUESTION 5 As long as the guards remain in place, operators should not be trained on machine guarding. True or False Answer: False. If operators work with equipment containing safeguards, they should be adequately trained on how to use them.
QUESTION 6 Some guards may not prevent parts of the worker s body and clothing from making contact with dangerous parts. True or False Answer: False. All guards must prevent contact.
QUESTION 7 Fixed guards are a permanent part of the machine. True or False Answer: True. Fixed guards are a permanent part of the machine and to deter easy removal, a fixed guard must require the aid of an appropriate tool to open, remove, replace, perform maintenance or repair work.
QUESTION 8 Name one minimum general requirement for safeguards. Answers prevent contact be secure protect from falling parts create no new hazards create no interference
QUESTION 9 Keep any shielding on PTO s in place or replace immediately after servicing. True or False Answer: True. If the removal of a guard is absolutely necessary for maintenance or repair, replace the guard immediately when finished.
QUESTION 10 List the types of guards common to our industry. Answer: Fixed, adjustable, and selfadjustable.
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