Bonaire National Marine Park LIONFISH IN THE DUTCH CARIBBEAN Ramon de Leon BNMP Manager Workshop "First ciguatoxic risk assessment in lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the Guadeloupean archipelago and commercial prefiguration in the FWI July 10-11, 2013, Karaibes Hôtel, Gosier, Guadeloupe
DUTH CARIBBEAN GEOGRAPHIC LOCATION Aruba Curacao Bonaire ARUBA Venezuela
ISLANDS NUMBERS (ESTIMATES) ISLAND TOTAL HUNTERS HUNT DIVES PER MONTH CATCH/ MONTH # REST. OFFER SANITARY CONTROL PRICE RANGE USD/K TOURN. CIGUATERA CASES ARUBA 70 180 3500 11 NO 10-15 4 0 BONAIRE 300 250 6500 8 NO 8-11 0 0 CURACAO 80 200 7200 11 NO 10-15 3 0 ST. MART 25 15-20 50 Sum 10 Win 0 CIG. TEST N. A. 0 40% pos ST. EUST 5 50-60 700 0 NO N. A. 0 0 SABA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO DATA NO NO DATA NO DATA 0
TOURNAMENTS (USUALLY COMBINED WITH SCIENCE, COOKING OR CHARITY OR A MIX OF THEM) HUNTING COURSES AND CERTIFICATIONS (PADI) HUNTING COMMERCIAL DIVES HUNTING GROUPS/TEAMS (>5 PAX) THEY EVEN HAVE UNIFORMS!! GROUP HUNTS BY INDIVIDUALS STINAPA-BNMP
GROUP HUNTS BY INSTITUTIONS/COMPANIES DIVE AND DINE (USD 90,00) (1 CUR DIVE OPERATOR) VIDEO LIONFISH HUNTING EDUCATIONAL DIVES WITH VIDEO ARUBA IS WORKING ON ESTABLISHING THE UNDER WATER HUNTERS FEDERATION HUNTING DEVICES AND ADAPTATIONS TO GEAR. (ZOOKEEPER, ELF TRIGGERS ) T-SHIRTS, STICKERS, HATS STINAPA-BNMP
Management intervention * Informative workshops before lionfish arrival - April 2009 * First lionfish sighting and collection October 26, 2009 * Immediately activation of control program * 40+ training workshops * 300+ trained volunteers * 300 ELF distributed
Management intervention * No information distribution before lionfish arrival * First lionfish sighting in October 27, 2009 * No control plan * 2 training workshops (June and August 2011) * 70 trained volunteers * 70 ELF distributed since June 2011
1. Information during Orientation 2. Distribution of markers 3. Training workshop in removal techniques STINAPA-BNMP
4. Spotting, marking and reporting 5. Loading information to the death row data base. 6. Dedicate staff to coordinate the program STINAPA-BNMP
Activate removal team Netting Homemade devices STINAPA-BNMP
Spear fishing legislation changed in September 2010 Article 9 Section IV ARTICLES CONCERNING FISHING 1. It is forbidden to use mechanical gear, explosives, hand spears or poles with hooks, to hunt or catch marine life. 6. With the exception of explosives, the prohibitions set forth in paragraph 1, 2 and 3 do not apply to the Manager or to the persons assigned by the Manager, upon catching, gathering and killing of harmful species as referenced in paragraph 1, Article 19 of the Island Resolution Nature Management Bonaire. STINAPA-BNMP
More than 300 mechanical tools distributed (ELF). Mandatory training course Personal contract with the BNMP to carry an ELF STINAPA-BNMP
Survey was conducted between June and August 2011 in the lee side of Curacao and Bonaire included the satellite islands of Klein Curacao and Klein Bonaire. 30 sites surveyed in Curacao (160 transects) and 50 sites on Bonaire ( 415 transects). 50m x 4m (200m²) belt transects at 15m, 25m and 35m deep Use Distance Sampling methodology to account for detectability STINAPA-BNMP
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Abundance (g/m 2 ) mean +1SE 3 2,5 2 1,5 UNFISHED FISHED 1 0,5 0 STINAPA-BNMP North Middle-N Center South Klein
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS 2012
PRELIMINARY RESULTS 2012
These results indicate that effective control of invading lionfish on areas that have an active diving community, is possible through involvement of this community in local efforts. After less that 2 years from the first sighting, lionfish on Bonaire are approx. 15% smaller and 33% lighter compared to lionfish in Curacao. Bonaire has 2.25 less density than Curacao. STINAPA-BNMP
LIONFISH DIET IN BONAIRE Rank 2010 2011 2012/3 1 Cardinalfish Damselfish and Chromis Damselfish and Chromis 2 Gobies Basslets Cardinalfish 3 Basslets Cardinalfish Wrasses 4 Snappers Groupers & Basses Gobies 5 Groupers & Basses Wrasses Basslets 6 Blennies Snappers Groupers & Basses 7 Damselfish and Chromis Gobies Snappers 8 Grunts Blennies Blennies 9 Wrasses Parrotfish Parrotfish 10 Squirrelfish and Soldierfish Grunts Squirrelfish and Soldierfish Rank is based on an index including frequency, volume and # of individual prey Courtesy of Fadilah Ali PhD candidate University of South Hampton. U.K.
Thank you! Questions? STINAPA-BNMP
RESUMO Grupo Contagem Soma Média Variância Curaçao 468 1256.429 2.684677 10.52252 Bonaire 593 741.8867 1.251074 5.122952 RESUMO Grupo Contagem Soma Média Variância Curaçao 418 8344 19.96172 66.90021 Bonaire 358 6132 17.12849 58.91902 RESUMO Grupo Contagem Soma Média Variância Curaçao 418 62821.44 150.2905 27041.58 Bonaire 358 37094.34 103.6155 16971.45
28-Oct-09 4-Nov-09 11-Nov-09 18-Nov-09 25-Nov-09 2-Dec-09 9-Dec-09 16-Dec-09 23-Dec-09 30-Dec-09 6-Jan-10 13-Jan-10 20-Jan-10 27-Jan-10 3-Feb-10 10-Feb-10 17-Feb-10 24-Feb-10 3-Mar-10 10-Mar-10 17-Mar-10 24-Mar-10 31-Mar-10 7-Apr-10 14-Apr-10 21-Apr-10 28-Apr-10 5-May-10 12-May-10 19-May-10 26-May-10 2-Jun-10 9-Jun-10 Mean Weekly Lionfish TL (cm) Growth rate of lionfish in Bonaire 30 25 y = 0.0811x - 3244.9 R 2 = 0.9664 20 15 10 5 0