MANEUVERS AND PROCEDURES Flight Profiles are designed as a guideline. Power settings are recommended and subject to change based upon actual conditions (i.e. aircraft weight, pressure altitude, icing conditions, and temperature). Airspeeds may be adjusted depending upon ATC specific instructions, traffic flows, high density airports, and other factors. The following flight profiles work for FlyRight s simulator and are offered only as a guideline. In addition to maintenance inspections and preflight information required by FAR Part 91, a complete, careful preflight inspection is imperative. Each airplane has a checklist for the preflight inspection which must be followed. USE THE CHECKLIST. Pilots should refer to AFM/POH section 10, Safety Information, for detailed safety guidelines. 18-1 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
NORMAL TAKEOFF V YSE or Above 1. Flaps - up 2. YAW DAMP - on 3. Climb power - set Climb-out 1. Accelerate to airspeed - 170 KIAS 2. Climb Checklist complete Area Departure/Climb Profile 1. 170 KIAS to 10,000 2. 160 KIAS 10,000 to 15,000 3. 150 KIAS 15,000 to 20,000 4. 140 KIAS 20,000 to 25,000 5. 130 KIAS 25,000 to 30,000 6. 120 KIAS 30,000 to 35,000 Cruise 1. Accelerate to cruise speed 2. Set cruise speed power 3. Complete cruise checklist Takeoff 1. Rotate at V R to Approx. 10 nose up 2. Establish positive rate of climb 3. Landing gear - up 4. Landing/taxi lights - off 5. Airspeed - V 2 until clear of obstacles Takeoff Roll 1. Observe Torque and ITT limits In Position 1. Brakes - Hold 2. Set static takeoff power 3. Props - 1,700 RPM 4. Autofeather annunciators on 5. Brakes - release Before Takeoff 1. Checklist completed 2. Takeoff briefing completed 3. Confirm V 1, V R, and V 2 18-2 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (AT OR ABOVE V1) - TAKEOFF CONTINUED 400 AGL (Clear of Obstacles) 1. Reduce pitch to 5 pitch to accelerate to V YSE (blue line) 2. V YSE - Flaps up Climb 1.V YSE (blue line) 2. Approximately 9-10 pitch 1500 AGL 1. Complete Engine Failure Checklist Clean Up Items 2. Land as soon as practical Engine loss 1. V R speed - Rotate to approximately 10 pitch altitude 2. Landing gear - Up 3. Airspeed - Maintain V 2 to 400 AGL 4. Propeller (inoperative engine) - verify feathered Before Takeoff 1. Checklist completed 2. Takeoff briefing completed 3. Confirm V 1, V R, and V 2 Takeoff Roll 1. Observe torque and ITT limits In Position 1. Brakes - Hold 2. Set static takeoff power 3. Props - 1,700 RPM 4. Autofeather annunciators on 5. Brakes - release Takeoff 1. Rotate at V R to Approx. 10 nose up 2. Establish positive rate of climb 3. Landing gear - up 4. Landing/taxi lights - off 5. Airspeed - V 2 at 35,000 NOTE Do not retard failed engine power lever until the auto-feather system has completely stopped propeller rotation. 18-3 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF (AT OR BELOW V1) - TAKEOFF ABORTED Clear of Runway 1.Complete After Landing Checklist Emergency or Malfunction at or Below V 1 1. Recognize reason for rejecting takeoff 2. Power levers - Ground fine 3. Braking - Max or as required. 4. Maintain runway heading Takeoff Roll 1. Observe torque and ITT limits In Position 1. Brakes - Hold 2. Set static takeoff power 3. Props - 1,700 RPM 4. Autofeather annunciators on 5. Brakes - release Before Takeoff 1. Checklist completed 2. Takeoff briefing completed 3. Confirm V 1, V R, and V 2 18-4 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
STALL RECOVERY PROCEDURE Evidence exists that some pilots are failing to avoid conditions that may lead to a stall, or failing to recognize the insidious onset of an approach-to-stall during routine operations in both manual and automatic flight. Evidence also exists that some pilots may not have the required skills or training to respond appropriately to an unexpected stall or stick pusher event. Stall training should always emphasize reduction of Angle of Attack (AOA) as the most important response when confronted with any stall event. The stall recovery procedures were developed from Advisory Circular 120-109 utilizing the Stall Recovery Template. The instructor or evaluator will be responsible for the entry set up of the aircraft. Your training at FlyRight will emphasize the proper recovery and not the entry set up. When possible the instructor will utilize a training scenario for all stall recovery training. 18-5 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
STALL RECOVERY - LANDING CONFIGURATION At First Sign of Impending Stall: 1. Autopilot Disconnect 2. Nose down pitch control until stall warning is eliminated. 3. Nose down pitch trim as required. 4. Roll wings level. 5. Power as required. 6. Return to the desired flightpath. When Normal Flightpath Established: 1. Power - Max allowable 2. Airspeed - Maintain V REF (when clear of obstacles, establish a normal climb) 3. Flaps- At V REF + 10 KTS approach. 4. Positive climb - landing gear up 5. V YSE - Flaps up Horn or Buffet 18-6 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
STALL RECOVERY - EN ROUTE CONFIGURATION At First Sign of Impending Stall: 1. Autopilot Disconnect 2. Nose down pitch control until stall warning is eliminated. 3. Nose down pitch trim as required. 4. Roll wings level. 5. Power as required. 6. Return to the desired flightpath. When Normal Flightpath Established: 1. Set power - As required 2. Notify ATC 3. Return to assigned altitude. Horn or Buffet 18-7 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
STALL RECOVERY - TAKEOFF CONFIGURATION At First Sign of Impending Stall: 1. Autopilot Disconnect 2. Nose down pitch control until stall warning is eliminated. 3. Nose down pitch trim as required. 4. Roll wings level. 5. Power as required. 6. Return to the desired flightpath. When Normal Flightpath Established: 1. Set power - As required 2. Notify ATC 3. Return to assigned heading and/or course 4. Return to assigned altitude. Horn or Buffet 18-8 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
VISUAL APPROACH AND LANDING Abeam Touchdown Point 1. Gear - Down 2. Before Landing Checklist - Complete Downwind 1. Flaps - Approach 2. Airspeed - 160 KIAS Arrival 1. Torque - Approx 30% 2. 160 KIAS (Typical) 3. Start Before Landing Checklist Initial 1. Obtain ATIS 2. Descent Checklist - Complete Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required Base 1.Airspeed - 130 KIAS (min rec) Final 1. Airspeed - 130 KIAS When landing assured: 2. Flaps - Down 3. YAW DAMP - Off 4. Props - Full forward Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power - Idle 18-9 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
FLAPS 0 APPROACH Abeam Touchdown Point 1. Gear - Down 2. Flaps Up Landing Checklist - Complete up to landing assured Downwind 1. Flaps - Up (inoperative) 2. Start Flaps Up Landing Checklist 3. Compute flaps up approach speed and landing distance 4. Airspeed - V REF + 20 KTS Arrival 1. Torque - Approx 30% 2. 160 KIAS (Typical) Initial 1. Obtain ATIS 2. Descent Checklist - Complete Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required Base 1.Airpeed - V REF + 20 KTS Final 1. Airspeed - V REF + 20 KTS When Landing Assured: 2. Transition to flaps up approach speed - V REF + 20 KT 3. YAW DAMP - Off 4. Props - Confirm full forward Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - Flaps up approach speed- V REF +20 KT 3. Power - Idle 18-10 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
SINGLE ENGINE VISUAL APPROACH AND LANDING Abeam Touchdown Point 1. Gear - Down 2. Prop - Full forward Downwind 1. Flaps - Approach 2. Airspeed - 140 KIAS Arrival 1. Torque - Approx 80% 2. 160 KIAS (Typical) 3. Start One-Engine- Inoperative Approach and Landing Checklist Initial 1. Obtain ATIS 2. Descent Checklist - Complete Base 1. Airspeed - V REF + 15KT Final 1. Airspeed - V REF + 15KT When it is certain there is no possibility of go-around: 2. Flaps - Down 3. Airspeed - V REF 4. YAW DAMP - Off 5. One-Engine-Inoperative Approach and Landing Checklist - Complete Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power-Idle Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required WARNING Do not use reverse thrust with one engine inoperative. Care must be exercised when using single-engine ground fine on surfaces with reduced traction. 18-11 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
ILS APPROACH Initial 1.Obtain ATIS 2. Brief approach and missed approach 3. FMS/NAV aids - Set up/identify 4. Descent Checklist - Complete Arrival 1. Torque - 30% 2. 160 KIAS (Typical) 3. FD - As desired 4. Start Before Landing Checklist Approach Inbound 1.Flaps - Approach 2. Airspeed - 130 KIAS 3. Reset altitude preselect to M.A.P. Altitude Approaching Glide Slope 1. Gear - Down 2. Props - Full Forward 3.Complete Before Landing Checklist Glide Slope Intercept 1.Torque - 20% - 30% 2. 130 KIAS (V YSE MIN) DH-Visual and Landing Assured 1. Flaps - Down 2. Transition to V REF 3. YAW DAMP - Off Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power - Idle Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required 18-12 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
NON-PRECISION APPROACH Procedure Turn Outbound 1. Start timing 2. Flaps - approach 3. Airspeed - 130 KIAS Procedure Turn Inbound 1. FD - As desired 2. Reset altitude preselect Initial 1. Obtain ATIS 2. Brief approach and missed approach 3. FMS/NAV aids - Setup/Ident 4. Descent Checklist - complete Arrival 1.Torque - 30% 2.Airspeed - 160 KIAS (typical) 3. FD - as desired 4. Start Before Landing Checklist Station Passage 1. Start timing 2. Set altitude preselect Intercept Final Approach 1. Course inbound Approach Inbound 1. Reset altitude preselect to approach minimums 2. Gear - down 3. Props - full forward Final Approach Fix 1. Start timing 2. Gear - Confirm down 3. Torque - approx. 15% 4. Complete Before Landing Checklist 5. Airspeed - 130 KIAS Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required Threshold 1. Gear - recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power - Idle Map-Landing Assured 1. Flaps down 2. Transition to V REF 3. YAW DAMP - off 4. Props - Confirm full forward Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) 1. Level off at MDA, at least 1 mile prior to map, if possible 2. Torque - 40% 3. Airspeed - 130 KIAS 18-13 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
CIRCLING APPROACH - BASIC Final 1. 130 KIAS When landing assured: 2. Flaps - down 3. Transition to V REF 4. YAW DAMP - off 5. Props - Full forward Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power-idle Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) 1. Level off at MDA at least 1 mile prior to MAP, if possible 2. Torque - 40% 3. 130 KIAS 4. Maneuver within visibility criteria 5. Maintain MDA Arrival 1. Plan circling maneuver 2. Follow normal approach procedures to MDA Base 1. Commence descent from a point where a normal landing can be made Map and During Circling Maneuver 1. Determine that visual contact with the runway can be maintained and a normal landing can be made from a circling approach, or initiate a missed approach 2. Maintain MDA during circling maneuver 18-14 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
BALKED LANDING Balked Landing 1. Power - Max allowable 2. Airspeed - Maintain V REF when clear of obstacles, establish normal climb. Balked Landing 3. Flaps - At VREF + 10 KTSapproach 4. Positive Climb - Gear up 5. At V YSE - Flaps up 18-15 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
EMERGENCY DESCENT Emergency Descent 1. Power - Idle 2. Props - Full Forward 3. Flaps (202 KTS max) - Approach 4. Gear (184 KTS max) - Down 4. Airspeed - 184 KTS Max 18-16 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
SINGLE ENGINE ILS APPROACH Initial 1.Obtain ATIS 2. Brief approach and missed approach 3. FMS/NAV aids - Set up/ident 4. Descent Checklist - Complete Arrival 1. Torque - 30% 2. 140 KIAS (Typical) 3. FD - As desired 4. Start Before Landing Checklist Approach Inbound 1.Flaps - Approach 2. Airspeed - V REF + 15 KTS 3. Reset altitude preselect to M.A.P. Altitude Approaching Glide Slope 1. Gear - Down 2. Props - Full Forward 3.Complete One Engine- Inoperative Approach and Landing Checklist Glide Slope Intercept 1.Torque - 20% - 30% 2. V REF + 15 KTS DH-Visual and Landing Assured 1. Flaps - Down 2. Transition to V REF 3. YAW DAMP - Off Threshold 1. Gear - Recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power - idle Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As required 18-17 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
SINGLE ENGINE NON-PRECISION APPROACH Procedure Turn Outbound 1. Start timing 2. Flaps - approach 3. Airspeed - 130 KIAS Procedure Turn Inbound 1. FD - As desired 2. Reset altitude preselect Initial 1. Obtain ATIS 2. Brief approach and missed approach 3. FMS/NAV aids - Setup/Ident 4. Descent Checklist - complete Arrival 1.Torque - 30% 2. Airspeed - 160 KIAS (typical) 3. FD - as desired 4. Start One Engine-Inoperative Approach and Landing Checklist Station Passage 1. Start timing 2. Set altitude preselect Intercept Final Approach 1. Course inbound Approach Inbound 1. Reset altitude preselect to approach minimums 2. Gear - down 3. Props - full forward Final Approach Fix 1. Start timing 2. Gear - Confirm down 3. Torque - approx. 15% 4. Complete One Engine- Inoperative Approach and Landing Checklist 5. Airspeed - 130 KIAS Landing 1. Ground fine or reverse 2. Brakes - As Necessary Threshold 1. Gear - recheck down 2. Airspeed - V REF 3. Power - Idle Map-Landing Assured 1. Flaps down 2. Transition to V REF 3. YAW DAMP - off 4. Props-Confirm full forward Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) 1. Level off at MDA, at least 1 mile prior to map, if possible 2. Torque - 40% 3. Airspeed - 130 KIAS 18-18 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
STEEP TURNS Clean Configuration Airpseed - 180 KIAS Torque - 40% Altitude - Level 1 Bank-Smoothly Roll to 45 1. Altitude - Maintain 2. Torque - Increase 5% 3. Trim - As desired 4. Pitch - Increase to approx. 3 5. Airspeed - Maintain 2 Lead roll-out to Assigned Headings by Approximately 15 1. Wings - Smooth roll level 2. Torque - Decrease 5% 3. Trim - As required 4. Pitch - As required 5. Airspeed - Maintain 4 3 1. Altitude - Maintain 2. Speed - Maintain 3. Attitude - Maintain This maneuver may be used for a 180 or 360 turn, and may be followed by a reversal. The PM may assist as directed by the PF Tolerances: Speed ± 10 KIAS Altitude ± 100 FT Bank ± 5 Heading ± 10 18-19 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures Revision: 1 - July 31, 2013
MANEUVERS PRACTICE DEMONSTRATION OF V MCA V MCA demonstration may be required for multi-engine pilot certification. The following procedure shall be used at a safe altitude of at least 5,000 feet above the ground in clear air only. WARNING IN-FLIGHT ENGINE CUTS BELOW V SSE Airspeed OF 104 KNOTS ARE PROHIBITED. 1. Landing Gear...Up 2. Flaps...Up 3. Airspeed...Above 104 KIAS (V SSE ) 4. Propeller Levers...High RPM 5. Torque Lever (Simulated Inoperative Engine)... Idle 6. Torque Lever (other engine)... Maximum Allowable 7. Airspeed... Reduce approximately 1 knot per second until either V MCA or stall warning is obtained. CAUTION Use rudder to maintain directional control (heading) and aileron to maintain 5 bank towards the operative engine (lateral attitude). At the first sign of either V MCA or stall warning (which may be evidenced by - inability to maintain heading or lateral attitude, aerodynamic stall buffet, or stall warning horn sound) immediately initiate recovery. RECOVERY 1. Torque...Reduce to idle on the operative engine. 2. Immediately lower the nose to regain V SSE 18-20 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
WINDSHEAR RECOVERY PROCEDURE The best procedure for windshear recovery is to never get into it in the first place. Recognition and avoidance of situations where whindshear may be encountered is your best line of defense. With that as an industry standard philosophy it is recognized that there can be unexpected encounters with windshear that must be mitigated. Recognition of windshear in a timely manner is crucial to aircraft safety. Indications of the presence of windshear include - IAS variations of more than 15 knots Ground speed variations or wind shift Glideslope deviation of 1 dot or more Pitch excursions of 5 degrees or more Heading variations of 10 degrees or more Unusual power lever position If windshear is encountered on takeoff and there is sufficient runway remaining to stop, the takeoff should be rejected. If windshear is encountered at or above V1 or on approach: Rotate to the go around attitude Level the wings if terrain or obstacle clearance are not a factor Apply maximum power Closely monitor airspeed and altitude (allowing airspeed to decay to stall warning if necessary) Respect the stall warning Do not change configuration When out of the windshear retract gear and flaps on schedule establish a normal climb and advise ATC. CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN (CFIT) RECOVERY PRODEDURE When a CFIT warning is activated the CFIT escape maneuver must be executed immediately: Rotate to the go around attitude Apply maximum power Wings level Monitor pitch allowing airspeed to decay to stall warning Respect the stall warning Do not change configuration 18-21 AS-18 Maneuvers and Procedures
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