Solar Water Heating Systems in Libya 1
Out Line Overview SWH in Libya Experience Facility Suggested Strategic Plan on SWH Energy situation in Libya Technical potential of SWH suggested plan 2
Industry overview Building consumes over 50% of the world energy, and is responsible for 40% of CO 2 emission Over 50% of the energy is consumed for water heating and space heating and cooling (low temperature) 3
Industry overview 4
Industry overview Indicators on SWH Solar heating capacity increased by an estimated 25 GWth in 2010 to reach approximately 185 GWth and China still continues to dominate the world market for solar water collectors. Top Five Countries- Annual additions in 2010 1 China 2 Germany 3 Turkey 4 India 5 Australia Top Five Countries- Existing capacity as of end 2010 1 China 2 Turkey 3 Germany 4 Japan 5 Greece Source: REN21 report 5
Industry overview Indicators on SWH Data of 2009 CATEGORY WORLD Libya Installed systems 200 million (few hundred systems) Installed Capacity 232 (GW th ) 0 Jobs Over 40,000 full-time job in Europe Policies (countries) 118 has no policies 0 6
Solar water heaters in Libya 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 99 سخانات 79 أجهزة قياس 36 15 10 1983 2000 2011 Number of systems installed 7
Solar irradiance (W/m2) Electric power consumption (Wh) Normalized Water withdrawn (%) م) ك) SWHs in Libya 10 9 Annual 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 Time (hr) 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 Qele Gsol 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 متوسط االستهالك ( لتر( 353 274 158 131 سعة السخان )لتر( 240 280 210 170 مساحة المجمعا ت عدد أف ارد األسرة 6 4 6-4 3 متوسط درجة ح اررة السحب )م ( 49.6 47.3 45.7 44.2 الطاقة الكلية السنوية.و.س( 3450 2037 1698 1190 المساهمة الشمسية )%( 75.5 83.7 55.8 59.1 ) 2 3.54 4.4 3.4 3 0 0:00 2:00 4:00 6:00 8:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00 22:00 0 71.5 متوسط المشاركة الشمسية = Time (hr) 8
SWHs in Libya CSERS SWHs Test Facilities All thermal performance and quality tests &issuing certificates 9
SWHs in Libya All Facilities Required for Testing Quality and thermal performance and issuing Certificates of SWHs and their components are available at CSERS Mandate from the government to put control on systems imported or manufactured in Libya 10
SWHs in Libya Solar Simulator and outdoor testing for thermal collectors 11
SWHs in Libya Thermal Energy Systems Test Facilities Thermal Storage Tank Test Facility Solar Water heating Systems Test Facility 12
SWHs in Libya Thermal Energy Systems Test Facilities Collector rain penetration Test Infra-Red Camera Temperature Calibration Facility 13
SWHs in Libya UV Radiation Chamber Climatic Chamber 14
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Suggested Plan for SWHs Generated: 32,558 GWh Sold : 20,602 GWh Agricultural, 10.66% Residential, 31.18% Industrial, 10.09% Commerical, 13.08% Street ligthing, 19.40% services, 11.68% Radio & TV % 5.48 Refregrators % 17 Air conditioning % 18.35 other % 7.41 Lighting % 22.23 Water heating % 29.82 Others, 3.91% Water heating consumes 9.3% of the total electricity Electricity used for water heating is 3,027 GWh Energy Consumption in Libya 16
Suggested Plan for SWHs Energy consumed in heating water for domestic sector is equivalent to a plant 585MW (10% loss transmission and distribution, 65% load factor) The cost of such plant in Libya is about 500 Million L.D Such plant consume (plant thermal eff. 30%) over 1.02 million metric tones of oil equivalent, approximately 7 million of oil barrel Produce over 697,076 tone of CO 2 yearly 17
Suggested Plan for SWHs Technical Potential of SWHs in Libya Why Solar water heaters? o Technology is mature o Economically viable o Environmentally friendly o Suitable (solar irradiance, Building structure) o Save in electricity bill as low as 25% Houses type in Libya 18
Suggested Plan for SWHs The current way of providing hot water in residential sector is: Inefficient way The most expensive The most polluted Energy degradation 19
Suggested Plan for SWHs Cheap Electric WH and electricity unit High capital investment of SWH Lack of environmental awareness No clear and systematic policy (Legislation, Incentives ) 20
Suggested Plan for SWHs To encourage the wide-spread of SWHs we should have: Clear policy (laws,..etc) Financing program (incentives, loans,..etc) Use of SWHs in new buildings Putting extra tax on EWH Exempt SWH equipment from custom tax. Subsidize SWH to become competitive to EWH Giving loans for SWH program Suggested SWHs plan Plan Span Targeted houses Financial program 10 years plan 250,000 home on average860 L.D as an incentives for each system Therefore 215 million L.D is needed over 10 years 21
Data of 2010 Suggested Plan for SWHs Electricity prices Subsidy Resources Subsidized 0.02 L.D/kWh Actual 0.102 L.D/kWh The amount of subsidy is 0.082 L.D/kWh The annual subsidy for water heating only is Based on: Electricity generated Electricity Sold 248,287,308 L.D 157,112,506 L.D 22
Suggested Plan for SWHs From the very recent importation records of the REOAL and CSERS, the average cost of solar water heaters (good quality flat plate collectors) are as follows: 200 liters with over 3 m 2 is about 960 L.D 300 liters with over 4 m 2 is about 1340 L.D The cost of solar water heaters considered in this study is the average of the above costs and equal to 1150 L.D. 23
Suggested Plan for SWHs 10 years scenario No of systems installed over 10 years The targeted number of houses is 250,000 Which is represent around 25% of the expected houses in 2013 and 21% in 2022 The government will pay 75% of the average systems prices ( 863 L.D) (3.5 L.D/Liter) People will pay on average 300 L.D for SWH Number of systems Thousands 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 3,675 Number of Installed Systems/year Cummulative Number of Installed Systems 43,760 5 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Years 24
Million Libyan dinar Percentage % Suggested Plan for SWHs Suggested yearly subsidy of SWH program 10000 1000 100 10 1 16 Suggested Yearly SWH incentives 2410 14 Yearly Conventional (Ewh) Energy Subsidy 219 263 215 12 10.53 10 8.30 8 5.96 6 3.94 3.17 4 2.44 2 1.44 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Year 0 14.0614.30 13.45 12.30 8.94 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Years Expected no of houses in 2013 is 980,000 home 25
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Total 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 2032 Million Libyan dinars Million L.D Suggested Plan for SWHs The cost of installations and the savings over 20 years 1000 100 Yearly savings 40.337.74 403 215.6 250 200 150 100 187.5 10 1 3.17 0.59 50 0-50 -3.2-20.4 0.1-100 -150-100.4 Year Net profit 187.4 million L.D Years The money giving by the government each year will return after less than five years (win to win situation) 26
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030 2031 Enegy saved (GWh) Suggested Plan for SWHs Not only money can be saved, but also We can save as much energy as 4915 GWh over 10 years Create new industry for manufacturing solar systems Create new jobs (manufacturer, installer) Million tones of CO2 can be avoided 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Energy savings Years Enhance the local industry through the use of local material and might lead to cost reduction 27
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